探地雷达管道探测资料定性与定量解释方法研究及应用
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摘要
本文利用探地雷达(GPR)记录上管道回波同相轴的运动学与动力学特征对管道材质(金属管道、非金属管道)和管道断面形态(圆形、矩形、马蹄形)进行分析判断,并对GPR记录上管道异常与空气波干扰的识别与区分进行定性解释。利用GPR探测资料定量解释管顶中心位置、管道走向与管顶埋深,并详细介绍了利用管顶回波同相轴的双曲线特征反演管顶上部雷达波速度的原理及两种求取管道半径的方法及其应用条件。结果表明:探地雷达用于管道实际探测资料的定性与定量解释具有有效性与实用性。
The method for the qualitative and quantitative interpretation of underground pipeline data from ground penetrating radar(GPR) is introduced. The qualitative explanations including using GPR to record kinematics and dynamics characteristics of the echo of the pipeline axis with different pipe materials and different pipe cross sections are analyzed, and the abnormal wave interference with air is identified and distinguished. The quantitative interpretation includes the determination of the position of the top center, the direction of the pipeline and the determination of the depth of the pipe top. The principle of the velocity of radar wave at the top of the tube inverted by the echo of pipe top axis is introduced in detail. The principle and application conditions of the two methods for obtaining pipe radius are introduced. The validity and practicability of these methods are verified by applying each interpretation method to the qualitative and quantitative interpretation of the actual pipeline data.
The method for the qualitative and quantitative interpretation of underground pipeline data from ground penetrating radar(GPR) is introduced. The qualitative explanations including using GPR to record kinematics and dynamics characteristics of the echo of the pipeline axis with different pipe materials and different pipe cross sections are analyzed, and the abnormal wave interference with air is identified and distinguished. The quantitative interpretation includes the determination of the position of the top center, the direction of the pipeline and the determination of the depth of the pipe top. The principle of the velocity of radar wave at the top of the tube inverted by the echo of pipe top axis is introduced in detail. The principle and application conditions of the two methods for obtaining pipe radius are introduced. The validity and practicability of these methods are verified by applying each interpretation method to the qualitative and quantitative interpretation of the actual pipeline data.
引文
[1] Annan A P.Ground-penetrating radar principles,procedures & applications [M].Canada:Sensors and Software Inc,2003.
[2] Davis J L,Annan A P.Ground-penetrating radar for high-resolution mapping of soil and rock stratigraphy [J].Geophysical Prospecting,1986,(37):531～551.
[3] 谢昭晖,李金铭.我国探地雷达的应用现状及展望[J].工程勘察,2007,(11):71～75.Xie Zhaohui,Li Jinming.Application status and prospect of ground penetrating radar in China[J].Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying,2007,(11):71～75.(in Chinese)
[4] 战玉宝,张利民,尤春安.探地雷达探测地下管线的研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(1):133～136.Zhan Yubao,Zhang Limin,You Chunan.Research on detecting underground pipes and cables by ground penetration radar[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(1):133～136.(in Chinese)
[5] 王惠廉.地质雷达概论[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,1993,18(3):249～256.Wang Huilian.An introduction of ground penetrating radar[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,1993,18(3):249～256.(in Chinese)
[6] 代启林,化得钧,李娟等.探地雷达在含水地下管线探测中的研究[J].工程勘察,2014,42(9):94～98.Dai Qilin,Hua Dejun,Li Juan et al.Study on underground water filling pipeline detection by ground penetrating radar[J].Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying,2014,42(9):94～98.(in Chinese)
[7] Nagashima,Y.,Saito,H.,Kobayashi,S.,Masuda,J..Automatic recognition of hyperbolic patterns in underground cross-sectional images[A]:Proc.SAGEEP,Env.Eng.Geophys.Soc.,Expanded Abstracts[C].1995:953～956.
[8] Alnuaimy W.,Huang Y.,Nguyen V.,Eriksen A.Automatic detection of hyperbolic signatures in ground-penetrating radar data[A].Proceeding of SPIE International Conference on Subsurface and Surface Sensing Technologies and Applications III[C].Cam Nguyen,Editor,San Diego,2001,4491:327～335.
[9] Sham F.C.,Lai W.L.Development of a new algorithm for accurate estimation of GPR′s wave propagation velocity by common-offset survey method [J].NDT & E International,2016,(83):104～113.
[10] 于景兰,王春和.探地雷达探测地下目标时的波速估计[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):477～480.Yu Jinglan,Wang Chunhe.Estimation of EM wave velocity in detecting underground target by GPR[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(3):477～480.(in Chinese)
[11] Shihab S.,Alnuaimy W.Radius estimation for cylindrical objects detected by ground-penetrating radar [J].Subsurface Sensing Technologies and Applications,2005,6 (2):151～166.
[12] Dolgiy A.,Zolotarev V.Optimal radius estimation for subsurface pipes detected by ground penetrating radar[A].In:Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar[C].June 19～22,2006,Columbus Ohio,USA,Vol.4.
[13] 许献磊,赵艳玲,王芳等.GPR探测地埋管径综述[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(5):2206～2215.Xu Xianlei,Zhao Yanling,Wang Fang et al.Review on diameter detection of underground pipe with GPR[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(5):2206～2215.(in Chinese)
[14] 孙雷.探地雷达在城市地下管线探测中的应用研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2017.Sun Lei.Study of ground penetrating radar(GPR) application in underground pipeline detection[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,2017.(in Chinese)
[15] Zeng Xiaoxian,Mcmechan G A.GPR characterization of buried tanks and pipes [J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):797～806.
[2] Davis J L,Annan A P.Ground-penetrating radar for high-resolution mapping of soil and rock stratigraphy [J].Geophysical Prospecting,1986,(37):531～551.
[3] 谢昭晖,李金铭.我国探地雷达的应用现状及展望[J].工程勘察,2007,(11):71～75.Xie Zhaohui,Li Jinming.Application status and prospect of ground penetrating radar in China[J].Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying,2007,(11):71～75.(in Chinese)
[4] 战玉宝,张利民,尤春安.探地雷达探测地下管线的研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(1):133～136.Zhan Yubao,Zhang Limin,You Chunan.Research on detecting underground pipes and cables by ground penetration radar[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(1):133～136.(in Chinese)
[5] 王惠廉.地质雷达概论[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,1993,18(3):249～256.Wang Huilian.An introduction of ground penetrating radar[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,1993,18(3):249～256.(in Chinese)
[6] 代启林,化得钧,李娟等.探地雷达在含水地下管线探测中的研究[J].工程勘察,2014,42(9):94～98.Dai Qilin,Hua Dejun,Li Juan et al.Study on underground water filling pipeline detection by ground penetrating radar[J].Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying,2014,42(9):94～98.(in Chinese)
[7] Nagashima,Y.,Saito,H.,Kobayashi,S.,Masuda,J..Automatic recognition of hyperbolic patterns in underground cross-sectional images[A]:Proc.SAGEEP,Env.Eng.Geophys.Soc.,Expanded Abstracts[C].1995:953～956.
[8] Alnuaimy W.,Huang Y.,Nguyen V.,Eriksen A.Automatic detection of hyperbolic signatures in ground-penetrating radar data[A].Proceeding of SPIE International Conference on Subsurface and Surface Sensing Technologies and Applications III[C].Cam Nguyen,Editor,San Diego,2001,4491:327～335.
[9] Sham F.C.,Lai W.L.Development of a new algorithm for accurate estimation of GPR′s wave propagation velocity by common-offset survey method [J].NDT & E International,2016,(83):104～113.
[10] 于景兰,王春和.探地雷达探测地下目标时的波速估计[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):477～480.Yu Jinglan,Wang Chunhe.Estimation of EM wave velocity in detecting underground target by GPR[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(3):477～480.(in Chinese)
[11] Shihab S.,Alnuaimy W.Radius estimation for cylindrical objects detected by ground-penetrating radar [J].Subsurface Sensing Technologies and Applications,2005,6 (2):151～166.
[12] Dolgiy A.,Zolotarev V.Optimal radius estimation for subsurface pipes detected by ground penetrating radar[A].In:Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar[C].June 19～22,2006,Columbus Ohio,USA,Vol.4.
[13] 许献磊,赵艳玲,王芳等.GPR探测地埋管径综述[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(5):2206～2215.Xu Xianlei,Zhao Yanling,Wang Fang et al.Review on diameter detection of underground pipe with GPR[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(5):2206～2215.(in Chinese)
[14] 孙雷.探地雷达在城市地下管线探测中的应用研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2017.Sun Lei.Study of ground penetrating radar(GPR) application in underground pipeline detection[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,2017.(in Chinese)
[15] Zeng Xiaoxian,Mcmechan G A.GPR characterization of buried tanks and pipes [J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):797～806.