二种海胆性腺的脂质组成及其抗氧化活性
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摘要
为分析马粪海胆和光棘球海胆性腺的脂质组成和抗氧化活性,采用核磁共振和气相色谱—质谱技术对2种海胆性腺油脂的脂质成分和脂肪酸组成进行分析,并通过DPPH自由基清除法、羟基自由基清除法和超氧阴离子自由基清除法对其脂质的抗氧化活性进行研究。结果显示,马粪海胆和光棘球海胆性腺脂质均以甘油三酯和磷脂为主,胆固醇、胆固醇酯和游离脂肪酸含量较低。马粪海胆和光棘球海胆性腺总脂富含C20:4n-6和C20:5n-3,且二者总量分别占脂肪酸含量的35.88%和34.98%;同时2种海胆性腺的中性脂和极性脂的脂肪酸组成存在较大差异,中性脂以C14:0和C16:0等饱和脂肪酸为主,而极性脂以C20:4n-6和C20:5n-3等多不饱和脂肪酸为主。马粪海胆和光棘球海胆性腺脂质对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基均具有较好的清除能力,DPPH自由基IC_(50)分别为2.75和1.98 mg/mL,羟基自由基IC50分别为0.33和0.29 mg/mL,超氧阴离子自由基IC_(50)分别为0.33和0.31 mg/mL。研究表明,马粪海胆和光棘球海胆性腺脂质具有较高的营养价值和抗氧化活性,可作为C20:4n-6、C20:5n-3和磷脂等功能性脂质因子的重要膳食来源。
In order to analyze the lipid compositions and antioxidant activities of Hemicentrous pulcherrimus and Strongylocentrotus nudus gonads, the lipid and fatty acid compositions were analyzed by NMR and GC-MS, and the antioxidant activities were determined by the methods of DPPH radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging and superoxide anion radical scavenging in this paper. The experimental results indicated that the triacylglycerols and phospholipids were the predominant lipid components of H. pulcherrimus and S. nudus gonads, while the contents of free fatty acids, cholesterol and cholesteryl esters were relatively low. Meanwhile,C20:4 n-6 and C20:5 n-3 were the major polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the total contents of C20:4 n-6 and C20:5 n-3 reached respectively 35.88% in H. pulcherrimus and 34.98% in S. nudus. The remarkable differences were observed in the fatty acid compositions of neutral lipids and polar lipids. Neutral lipids were chiefly composed with C14:0 and C16:0, whereas polar lipids mainly of C20:4 n-6 and C20:5 n-3. H. pulcherrimus and S.nudus gonad lipids exhibited great scavenging activity on DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical. The IC50 values of H. pulcherrimus and S. nudus gonad lipids to DPPH radical were 2.75 and 1.98 mg/mL, and were 0.33 and 0.29 mg/mL to hydroxyl radical, 0.33 and 0.31 mg/mL to superoxide anion radical, respectively. The results suggested that H.pulcherrimus and S. nudus gonad lipids had high nutritional values and antioxidant activities, and could be the important dietary sources of C20:4 n-6, C20:5 n-3 and phospholipids.
In order to analyze the lipid compositions and antioxidant activities of Hemicentrous pulcherrimus and Strongylocentrotus nudus gonads, the lipid and fatty acid compositions were analyzed by NMR and GC-MS, and the antioxidant activities were determined by the methods of DPPH radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging and superoxide anion radical scavenging in this paper. The experimental results indicated that the triacylglycerols and phospholipids were the predominant lipid components of H. pulcherrimus and S. nudus gonads, while the contents of free fatty acids, cholesterol and cholesteryl esters were relatively low. Meanwhile,C20:4 n-6 and C20:5 n-3 were the major polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the total contents of C20:4 n-6 and C20:5 n-3 reached respectively 35.88% in H. pulcherrimus and 34.98% in S. nudus. The remarkable differences were observed in the fatty acid compositions of neutral lipids and polar lipids. Neutral lipids were chiefly composed with C14:0 and C16:0, whereas polar lipids mainly of C20:4 n-6 and C20:5 n-3. H. pulcherrimus and S.nudus gonad lipids exhibited great scavenging activity on DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical. The IC50 values of H. pulcherrimus and S. nudus gonad lipids to DPPH radical were 2.75 and 1.98 mg/mL, and were 0.33 and 0.29 mg/mL to hydroxyl radical, 0.33 and 0.31 mg/mL to superoxide anion radical, respectively. The results suggested that H.pulcherrimus and S. nudus gonad lipids had high nutritional values and antioxidant activities, and could be the important dietary sources of C20:4 n-6, C20:5 n-3 and phospholipids.
引文
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[22]施永海,徐嘉波,刘永士,等.菊黄东方鲀发育早期的脂肪酸组成变化[J].水产学报,2017,41(8):1203-1212.Shi Y H,Xu J B,Liu Y S,et al.Changes in fatty acid composition during early developmental stage of tawny puffer(Takifugu flavidus)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2017,41(8):1203-1212(in Chinese).
[23]童圣英,陈炜,由学策,等.三种海胆性腺总脂的脂肪酸组成的研究[J].水产学报,1998,22(3):247-252.Tong S Y,Chen W,You X C,et al.Study on lipid and fatty acids composition of three kinds of Echinoidea’s gonad[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1998,22(3):247 -252(in Chinese).
[24]蒋加拉,刘素纯,陈学武,等.花生四烯酸的生理学功能及利用真菌生产的研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2010,31(6):389-392,395.Jiang J L,Liu S C,Chen X W,et al.Research progress in the biological function of arachidonic acid and its production by fungi[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2010,31(6):389-392,395(in Chinese).
[25]肖玫,欧志强.深海鱼油中两种脂肪酸(EPA和DHA)的生理功效及机理的研究进展[J].食品科学,2005,26(8):522-526.Xiao M,Ou Z Q.Research progress of the physiological function and mechanism of two kinds of fatty acid(EPAand DHA)in the fish oil of deep sea[J].Food Science,2005,26(8):522-526(in Chinese).
[26]Popov A M,Krivoshapko O N.Protective effects of polar lipids and redox-active compounds from marine organisms at modeling of hyperlipidemia and diabetes[J].Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering,2013,6(5):543-550.
[27]Archana A,Babu K R.Nutrient composition and antioxidant activity of gonads of sea urchin Stomopneustes variolaris[J].Food Chemistry,2016,197:597-602.
[28]张辰暘,魏安琪,王妍,等.天然食品添加剂清除自由基作用的研究进展[J].化学与生物工程,2017,34(8):1-4.Zhang C Y,Wei A Q,Wang Y,et al.Research progress in free radical scavenging ability of natural food additive[J].Chemistry&Bioengineering,2017,34(8):1-4(in Chinese).
[2]Zhou X,Zhou D Y,Lu T,et al.Characterization of lipids in three species of sea urchin[J].Food Chemistry,2018,241:97-103.
[3]农业部渔业渔政管理局.2016中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016:23.Fishery Bureau Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China.China fishery statistic yearbook-2016[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2016:23(in Chinese).
[4]Zhao C,Sun P,Wei J,et al.Larval size and metamorphosis are significantly reduced in second generation of inbred sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius[J].Aquaculture,2016,452:402-406.
[5]Siliani S,Melis R,Loi B,et al.Influence of seasonal and environmental patterns on the lipid content and fatty acid profiles in gonads of the edible sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus from Sardinia[J].Marine Environmental Research,2016,113:124-133.
[6]Chen G Q,Xiang W Z,Lau C C,et al.A comparative analysis of lipid and carotenoid composition of the gonads of Anthocidaris crassispina,Diadema setosum and Salmacis sphaeroides[J].Food Chemistry,2010,120(4):973-977.
[7]王艳梅,万全,赖年悦,等.黄缘盒龟肉的酶解工艺优化及其体外抗氧化活性研究[J].水产学报,2013,37(4):622-630.Wang Y M,Wan Q,Lai N Y,et al.Optimization of enzymatic technology of yellow-margined box turtle muscle and antioxidant abilities of its hydrolysates in vitro[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2013,37(4):622-630(in Chinese).
[8]Popescu R,Costinel D,Dinca O R,et al.Discrimination of vegetable oils using NMR spectroscopy and chemometrics[J].Food Control,2015,48:84-90.
[9]Dora C P,Kushwah V,Katiyar S S,et al.Improved metabolic stability and therapeutic efficacy of a novel molecular gemcitabine phospholipid complex[J].International Journal of Pharmaceutics,2017,530(1-2):113-127.
[10]Fauhl C,Reniero F,Guillou C.1H NMR as a tool for the analysis of mixtures of virgin olive oil with oils of different botanical origin[J].Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry,2000,38(6):436-443.
[11]Pollesello P,Eriksson O,H?ckerstedt K.Analysis of total lipid extracts from human liver by 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy[J].Analytical Biochemistry,1996,236(1):41-48.
[12]Falch E,St?rseth T R,Aursand M.Multi-component analysis of marine lipids in fish gonads with emphasis on phospholipids using high resolution NMR spectroscopy[J].Chemistry and Physics of Lipids,2006,144(1):4-16.
[13]Falch E,St?rseth T R,Aursand M.High resolution NMRfor studying lipid hydrolysis and esterification in cod(Gadus morhua)gonads[J].Chemistry and Physics of Lipids,2007,147(1):46-57.
[14]Nieva-Echevarría B,Goicoechea E,Manzanos M J,et al.The influence of frying technique,cooking oil and fish species on the changes occurring in fish lipids and oil during shallow-frying,studied by 1H NMR[J].Food Research International,2016,84:150-159.
[15]Liyana-Pathirana C,Shahidi F,Whittick A,et al.Lipid and lipid soluble components of gonads of green sea urchin(Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)[J].Journal of Food Lipids,2002,9(2):105-126.
[16]Kalogeropoulos N,Mikellidi A,Nomikos T,et al.Screening of macro-and bioactive microconstituents of commercial finfish and sea urchin eggs[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2012,46(2):525-531.
[17]张康逸,宋范范,高玲玲,等.离子液体提取医药级磷脂酰胆碱的研究[J].食品工业科技,2017,38(7):235-239,244.Zhang K Y,Song F F,Gao L L,et al.Study on extraction of pharmaceutical grade phosphatidylcholine by ionic liquid[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2017,38(7):235-239,244(in Chinese).
[18]邓杨敏,李冰麟,董文博,等.磷脂酰乙醇胺的酶促合成及底物抑制动力学[J].化工进展,2017,36(7):2601-2606.Deng Y M,Li B L,Dong W B,et al.Synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine by enzymatic catalysis and its substrate inhibition kinetics[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2017,36(7):2601-2606(in Chinese).
[19]Martínez-Pita I,García F J,Pita M.Males and females gonad fatty acids of the sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula(Echinodermata)[J].Helgoland Marine Research,2010,64(2):135-142.
[20]BarberáC,Fernández-Jover D,Jiménez J A L,et al.Trophic ecology of the sea urchin Spatangus purpureus elucidated from gonad fatty acids composition analysis[J].Marine Environmental Research,2011,71(4):235-246.
[21]楼乔明,王玉明,徐杰,等.栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝脂质及其脂肪酸组成分析[J].中国食品学报,2012,12(11):198-203.Lou Q M,Wang Y M,Xu J,et al.Analysis of lipid profile and fatty acid compositions of Chlamys farreri and Argopecten irradians[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2012,12(11):198-203(in Chinese).
[22]施永海,徐嘉波,刘永士,等.菊黄东方鲀发育早期的脂肪酸组成变化[J].水产学报,2017,41(8):1203-1212.Shi Y H,Xu J B,Liu Y S,et al.Changes in fatty acid composition during early developmental stage of tawny puffer(Takifugu flavidus)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2017,41(8):1203-1212(in Chinese).
[23]童圣英,陈炜,由学策,等.三种海胆性腺总脂的脂肪酸组成的研究[J].水产学报,1998,22(3):247-252.Tong S Y,Chen W,You X C,et al.Study on lipid and fatty acids composition of three kinds of Echinoidea’s gonad[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1998,22(3):247 -252(in Chinese).
[24]蒋加拉,刘素纯,陈学武,等.花生四烯酸的生理学功能及利用真菌生产的研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2010,31(6):389-392,395.Jiang J L,Liu S C,Chen X W,et al.Research progress in the biological function of arachidonic acid and its production by fungi[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2010,31(6):389-392,395(in Chinese).
[25]肖玫,欧志强.深海鱼油中两种脂肪酸(EPA和DHA)的生理功效及机理的研究进展[J].食品科学,2005,26(8):522-526.Xiao M,Ou Z Q.Research progress of the physiological function and mechanism of two kinds of fatty acid(EPAand DHA)in the fish oil of deep sea[J].Food Science,2005,26(8):522-526(in Chinese).
[26]Popov A M,Krivoshapko O N.Protective effects of polar lipids and redox-active compounds from marine organisms at modeling of hyperlipidemia and diabetes[J].Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering,2013,6(5):543-550.
[27]Archana A,Babu K R.Nutrient composition and antioxidant activity of gonads of sea urchin Stomopneustes variolaris[J].Food Chemistry,2016,197:597-602.
[28]张辰暘,魏安琪,王妍,等.天然食品添加剂清除自由基作用的研究进展[J].化学与生物工程,2017,34(8):1-4.Zhang C Y,Wei A Q,Wang Y,et al.Research progress in free radical scavenging ability of natural food additive[J].Chemistry&Bioengineering,2017,34(8):1-4(in Chinese).