新型叶片式井下动力钻具结构设计
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摘要
井下动力钻具是一种能把钻井液的能量转化为钻井破岩动力的钻具,它具有能量利用率高、钻进成本低等优点。在西方发达国家,井下动力钻具已被确定为定向井、丛式井、大斜度井、水平井和抢险救援井的最佳钻井工具之一。目前,井下动力钻具主要朝着低速大扭矩的方向发展。而现行的井下动力钻具中,涡轮钻具具有高速大扭矩的软特性,必须同减速器配合使用才能实现低速大扭矩钻井;螺杆钻具容易实现低速大扭矩钻井,但却不耐高温、高压;电动钻具结构过于复杂,目前已很少使用。通过对目前钻井过程的调查与研究,设计一种新型叶片钻具,它基于叶片马达的工作原理,利用叶片上的压差驱动转子转动且容易实现低速大扭矩钻井。
Downhole motor is a drill tool which can transform energy form drill fluid into a dynamic of breaking rocks. Compared with traditional drill tools,there are some merits in the drilling process,such as high capacity usage ratio,low drilling cost and so on. In some westen developed country,downhole motor has been confirmed as one of the best drilling tools in directional well,cluster well,highly-deviated well,horizontal well and emergency rescue. Now,the downhole motor drill with low speed and high torque is the main direction to research. However,among the downhole motor drills at present,turbodrill has a character of high speed and high torque,which needs to coordinate with speed reducer to reduce its speed; positive displacement motor drills can realise low speed and high torque drilling easily,but they have a bad resistance to high temperature and high pressure; electric drill have a complex structure which confines its application. After the investigation and research to the drilling process at present,a new-type vaned drill was designed. Its working principle was similar to vane motor which applied the differential pressure of the vane to drive rotor to run.The new-type vaned drill was also easily to realize low speed high torque of drilling.
Downhole motor is a drill tool which can transform energy form drill fluid into a dynamic of breaking rocks. Compared with traditional drill tools,there are some merits in the drilling process,such as high capacity usage ratio,low drilling cost and so on. In some westen developed country,downhole motor has been confirmed as one of the best drilling tools in directional well,cluster well,highly-deviated well,horizontal well and emergency rescue. Now,the downhole motor drill with low speed and high torque is the main direction to research. However,among the downhole motor drills at present,turbodrill has a character of high speed and high torque,which needs to coordinate with speed reducer to reduce its speed; positive displacement motor drills can realise low speed and high torque drilling easily,but they have a bad resistance to high temperature and high pressure; electric drill have a complex structure which confines its application. After the investigation and research to the drilling process at present,a new-type vaned drill was designed. Its working principle was similar to vane motor which applied the differential pressure of the vane to drive rotor to run.The new-type vaned drill was also easily to realize low speed high torque of drilling.
引文
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[2]刘春全,徐茂林,汤平汉,等.井下电动钻具的现状及发展[J].钻采工艺,2008,31(5):115-117.LIU C Q,XU M L,TANG P H,et al.Present Situation and Development Trend of Downhole Electromotive Drill[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2008,31(5):115-117.
[3]王春阳,李连强,李良君,等.井温对螺杆钻具使用性能的影响[J].石油矿场机械,2012,41(11):9-11.WANG C Y,LI L Q,LI L J,et al.Influence of Temperature on Performance of Screw Drill[J].Oil Field Equipment,2012,41(11):9-11.
[4]周璞,柳瑞锋,章艺,等.叶片泵振动机理特性分析及改进设计[J].噪声与振动控制,2012,32(2):32-33.ZHOU P,LIU R F,ZHANG Y,et al.Vibration Mechanism Analysis and Design Improvement of Blade Pump[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2012,32(2):32-33.
[5]李旭杨.叶片式井下液动钻具型式研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2007:17-18.
[6]于兴胜,米凯夫,聂洁净,等.井下动力钻具用容积式金属叶片马达原理研究[J].石油矿场机械,2016,45(9):18-21.YU X S,MI K F,NIE J J,et al.Research on Principle of Metal Vane Motor for Drilling Downhole Tools[J].Oil Field Equipment,2016,45(9):18-21.
[7]李树立,焦宗夏.叶片式摆动液压马达泄漏计算与控制[J].液压与气动,2005(11):67-68.LI S L,JIAO Z X.Leakage Calculation and Control of Vane Hydraulic Swing Motor[J]Chinese Hydraulics&Pneumatics,2005,(11):67-68
[8]刘鸿文.材料力学Ⅰ[M].5版.北京:高等教育出版社,2011.