高校属性对麻疹疫苗接种活动影响的定性调查
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摘要
目的了解高校之间麻疹疫苗(measles vaccine,MV)强化免疫活动(supplemental immunization activity,SIA)MV接种率差异的原因,为开展高校疾病防治工作提供参考。方法采用目的性抽样方法,选择某市10所高校作为研究对象,针对高校MV SIA实施情况进行访谈,定性分析MV接种率差异及其原因。结果 10所高校2017年MV SIA的接种率分别为54%,96%,95%,97%,81%,93%,13%,12%,10%,21%,本科院校远高于专科院校,公办本科院校高于民办,省属公办本科院校高于部属,部属高校之间也存在明显差异。高校的办学层次、办学体制、隶属关系不同,导致医疗资质、风险认知、校地关系等差异,进而影响高校疫苗接种工作的实施。结论高校的不同属性是导致MV SIA接种率差异的根本原因,建议将高校属性差异纳入免疫规划决策考虑范围,完善高校预防接种政策,加强高校特别是民办高校的风险沟通,改善高校与属地卫生部门的工作关系。
Objective To understand reason for the difference of supplementary immunization activities(SIA) using measles-containing vacline(MV) among different types of universities in China. Methods Ten universities from one city were selected by using purposive sampling method. Qualitative interviews were conducted on the implementation of MV SIA in universities, and the differences of measles vaccination and the reasons were analyzed.Results The MV vaccination rates in the 10 universities in 2017 were 54%, 96%,95%,97%,81%,93%,13%,12%,10% and 21% respectively.The rate of four-year universities was higher than that of three-year colleges; and the rate of public universities was higher than that of private schools; the rate of provincial universities was higher than that of central government administered universities; the vaccination rates also vary within central government administered universities.The level, ownership and affiliation of colleges and universities led to the differences in medical qualification, administrators' risk perception of disease and vaccines, and the relationship between the schools and local CDC, which in turn affected the implementation of vaccination in universities. Conclusion The different attributes of universities are the fundamental reasons that lead to the differences in the rate of MV SIA in Chinese universities. It is suggested that the differences of university attributes should be considered in the process of implementation of the policy of immunization in universities.And the vaccination policy in universities should be strengthened, the risk communication of universities, especially private universities, should be improved, and the working relationship of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education should be enhanced.
Objective To understand reason for the difference of supplementary immunization activities(SIA) using measles-containing vacline(MV) among different types of universities in China. Methods Ten universities from one city were selected by using purposive sampling method. Qualitative interviews were conducted on the implementation of MV SIA in universities, and the differences of measles vaccination and the reasons were analyzed.Results The MV vaccination rates in the 10 universities in 2017 were 54%, 96%,95%,97%,81%,93%,13%,12%,10% and 21% respectively.The rate of four-year universities was higher than that of three-year colleges; and the rate of public universities was higher than that of private schools; the rate of provincial universities was higher than that of central government administered universities; the vaccination rates also vary within central government administered universities.The level, ownership and affiliation of colleges and universities led to the differences in medical qualification, administrators' risk perception of disease and vaccines, and the relationship between the schools and local CDC, which in turn affected the implementation of vaccination in universities. Conclusion The different attributes of universities are the fundamental reasons that lead to the differences in the rate of MV SIA in Chinese universities. It is suggested that the differences of university attributes should be considered in the process of implementation of the policy of immunization in universities.And the vaccination policy in universities should be strengthened, the risk communication of universities, especially private universities, should be improved, and the working relationship of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education should be enhanced.
引文
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[10] 李万仓,魏晶娇,陈玲萍,等.浙江省温州市2009-2016年消除麻疹实施进展 [J].中国疫苗和免疫,2018,24(2):152-155.
[11] 李永秋,张英洁.山东省免疫规划时期麻疹免疫预防工作的卫生经济学评价[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(1):106-109.
[12] ABRAM L,WAGNER.The impact of supplementary immunization activities on the epidemiology of measles in Tianjin,China[J].Inter J Infect Dis,2016,45:103-108.
[13] 何寒青,潘金仁,严睿,等.浙江省消除麻疹策略10项措施实施情况及效果评价[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2015,21(1):46-50.
[2] 骆晓艳,高志刚,陈伟,等.卫生工作者对接种率影响因素判定的调查分析[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2013,19(6):545-549.
[3] 陶恩学.潍坊市大学生麻疹相关知识认知情况调查[J].中国公共卫生,2015,31(7):938-940.
[4] MACHOWICZ R,WYSZOMIRSKI T,CIECHANSKA J,et al.Knowledge,attitudes,and influenza vaccination of medical students in Warsaw,Strasbourg,and Teheran[J] .Eur J Med Res,2010,15(Suppl 2):S1-S6.
[5] 李冬梅,侯文俊,唐金凤,等.北京市大兴区在京务工人员麻疹疫苗接种意愿调查[J].中国健康教育,2017,33(7):633-636.
[6] RAITHATHA N,HOLLAND R,GERRARD S,et al.A qualitative investigation of vaccine risk perception amongst parents who immunize their children:a matter of public health concern[J].J Public Health Med,2003,25(2):161-164.
[7] 张丽洁,武翠玲,班瑞.预防接种疫苗不良反应2例分析[J].中国全科医学,2013,16(10):938-939.
[8] BEREZIN M,EADS A.Risk is for the rich?Childhood vaccination resistance and a culture of health[J].Soc Sci Med,2016,165:233-245.
[9] 马超,苏琪茹,郝利新,等.中国2012～2013年麻疹流行病学特征与消除麻疹进展[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2014,20(3):193-199.
[10] 李万仓,魏晶娇,陈玲萍,等.浙江省温州市2009-2016年消除麻疹实施进展 [J].中国疫苗和免疫,2018,24(2):152-155.
[11] 李永秋,张英洁.山东省免疫规划时期麻疹免疫预防工作的卫生经济学评价[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(1):106-109.
[12] ABRAM L,WAGNER.The impact of supplementary immunization activities on the epidemiology of measles in Tianjin,China[J].Inter J Infect Dis,2016,45:103-108.
[13] 何寒青,潘金仁,严睿,等.浙江省消除麻疹策略10项措施实施情况及效果评价[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2015,21(1):46-50.