西藏鸡公村钼矿区中酸性岩体的时代、岩石地球化学特征及构造背景
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摘要
鸡公村钼矿位于冈底斯-下察隅晚燕山—喜山期岩浆弧带南缘。文中以矿区广泛分布的中酸性岩体为研究对象,从野外地质调查、岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学成分特征等方面对其进行了系统的探讨。研究结果显示:鸡公村中酸性岩体的岩石类型主要为石英闪长岩和少量的花岗闪长岩;中酸性岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(51.8±0.5)Ma,表明其形成于始新世(E2)时期;中酸性岩具低K(w(K_2O)为1.66%～2.44%)、高Na(w(Na_2O)为3.58%～4.06%)的特点,属钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列,具准铝质-弱过铝质的特征;稀土总量(ΣREE)变化范围较大((53.6～117)×10~(-6)),稀土元素配分模式表现为轻稀土富集的右倾斜型,其(La/Yb)_N值为3.90～7.31,铈、铕异常不明显(Ce/Ce~*=0.92～1.17,Eu/Eu~*=0.96～1.15);微量元素比值蛛网图上显示出Rb、Th、U、K等元素的正异常和Ba、Nb、Ta、P、Ti等元素的负异常;鸡公村中酸性岩属I型花岗岩,是变玄武岩质下地壳部分熔融的产物;鸡公村中酸性岩体形成于印度-欧亚板块俯冲碰撞环境,起源于地壳加厚导致的源区物质的部分熔融。
The Jigongcun molybdenum mine is located in the southern part of the Gangdise-Xiachayu late Yanshan-Himalaya magmatic arc zone.In this paper,we studied the intermediate-acid rocks widely distributed in the mining area and carried out a systematic investigation on field geological survey,petrology,LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical characteristics of these rocks.The findings indicate that the Jigongcun intermediate-acid rocks are mainly quartz diorite and some granodiorite.The rocks' LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of 51.8±0.5 Ma suggests they were formed in the Eocene (E_2) period.They have low K (K_2O content ranges 1.66%-2.44%) and high Na (Na_2O content ranges 3.58%-4.06%) contents and belong to calc-alkaline-high potassium calc-alkaline series with quasi-aluminum-weak aluminous characteristics.The ΣREE contents vary greatly (53.6-117)×10~(-6) with light REE enrichment,represented by right-inclined REE distribution mode,and (La/Yb)_N value of 3.90-7.31.No obvious Ce and Eu anomalies were observed(Ce/Ce~*=0.92-1.17;Eu/Eu~*=0.96-1.15),while the trace-element spider diagram shows positive Rb,Th,U and K and negative Ba,Nb,Ta,P and Ti anomalies.The Jigongcun intermediate-acid rocks belong to Itype granite,and formed from the partial melting of the lower basaltic crust due to thickening of the crust,in the subduction and collision environment of the Indo-Eurasian plate.
The Jigongcun molybdenum mine is located in the southern part of the Gangdise-Xiachayu late Yanshan-Himalaya magmatic arc zone.In this paper,we studied the intermediate-acid rocks widely distributed in the mining area and carried out a systematic investigation on field geological survey,petrology,LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical characteristics of these rocks.The findings indicate that the Jigongcun intermediate-acid rocks are mainly quartz diorite and some granodiorite.The rocks' LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of 51.8±0.5 Ma suggests they were formed in the Eocene (E_2) period.They have low K (K_2O content ranges 1.66%-2.44%) and high Na (Na_2O content ranges 3.58%-4.06%) contents and belong to calc-alkaline-high potassium calc-alkaline series with quasi-aluminum-weak aluminous characteristics.The ΣREE contents vary greatly (53.6-117)×10~(-6) with light REE enrichment,represented by right-inclined REE distribution mode,and (La/Yb)_N value of 3.90-7.31.No obvious Ce and Eu anomalies were observed(Ce/Ce~*=0.92-1.17;Eu/Eu~*=0.96-1.15),while the trace-element spider diagram shows positive Rb,Th,U and K and negative Ba,Nb,Ta,P and Ti anomalies.The Jigongcun intermediate-acid rocks belong to Itype granite,and formed from the partial melting of the lower basaltic crust due to thickening of the crust,in the subduction and collision environment of the Indo-Eurasian plate.
引文
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[4]莫宣学,董国臣,赵志丹,等.西藏冈底斯带花岗岩的时空分布特征及地壳生长演化信息[J].高校地质学报,2005,11(3):281-290.
[5]莫宣学,潘桂棠.从特提斯到青藏高原形成:构造-岩浆事件的约束[J].地学前缘,2006,13(6):43-51.
[6]莫宣学,赵志丹,DEPAOLO D J,等.青藏高原拉萨地块碰撞-后碰撞岩浆作用的3种类型及其对大陆俯冲和成矿作用的启示:Sr-Nd同位素证据[J].岩石学报,2006,13(4):795-803.
[7]莫宣学,赵志丹,喻学惠,等.青藏高原新生代碰撞-后碰撞火成岩[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.
[8]侯增谦,杨竹森,徐文艺,等.青藏高原碰撞造山带:Ⅰ.主碰撞造山成矿作用[J].矿床地质,2006,25(4):337-358.
[9]潘桂棠,莫宣学,侯增谦,等.冈底斯造山带的时空结构及演化[J].岩石学报,2006,22(3):521-533.
[10]朱弟成,潘桂棠,王立全,等.西藏冈底斯带中生代岩浆岩的时空分布和相关问题的讨论[J].地质通报,2008,27(9):1535-1550.
[11]朱弟成,莫宣学,赵志丹,等.西藏南部二叠纪和早白垩世构造岩浆作用与特提斯演化:新观点[J].地学前缘,2009,16(2):1-20.
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[13]迟效国,刘建峰,赵芝,等.青藏高原新生代两类超钾质岩石的成因:实验岩石学和地球化学约束[J].地学前缘,2009,16(1):88-98.
[14]刘敏,朱弟成,赵志丹,等.西藏冈底斯东部然乌地区早白垩世岩浆混合作用:锆石SH RIMP U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素证据[J].地学前缘,2009,16(2):152-160.
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[16]侯增谦,曲晓明,王淑贤,等.西藏高原冈底斯斑岩铜矿带辉钼矿Re-Os年龄:成矿作用时限与动力学背景应用[J].中国科学:D辑,2003,33(7):609-618.
[17]芮宗瑶,侯增谦,曲晓明,等.冈底斯斑岩铜矿成矿时代及青藏高原隆升[J].矿床地质,2003,22(3):217-225.
[18]唐菊兴,陈毓川,王登红,等.西藏工布江达县沙让斑岩钼矿床辉钼矿铼-锇同位素年龄及其地质意义[J].地质学报,2009,83(5):698-704.
[19]唐菊兴,多吉,刘鸿飞,等.冈底斯成矿带东段矿床成矿系列及找矿突破的关键问题研究[J].地球学报,2012,33(4):393-410.
[20]李光明,段志明,黄勇,等.西藏冈底斯-喜马拉雅地质与成矿[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2017.
[21]HOU Z Q,ZHENG Y C,YANG Z M,et al.Contribution of mantle components within juvenile lower-crust to collisional zone porphyry Cu systems in Tibet[J].Mineralium Deposita,2013,48(2):173-192.
[22]龙洋,安邦涛.西藏曲水县鸡公村钼矿区地质特征及成因浅析[J].地质与测绘,2017,24(3):66-67.
[23]张苏坤,郑有业,张刚阳,等.西藏曲水县鸡公村石英脉型钼矿床成矿时代约束[J].矿床地质,2013,32(3):641-648.
[24]LIU Y S,HU Z C,GAO S,et al.In-situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MSwithout applying an internal standard[J].Chemical Geology,2008,257(1):34-43.
[25]ANDERSEN T.Correction of common lead in U-Pb analyses that do not report 204Pb[J].Chemical Geology,2002,192(1):59-79.
[26]吴元保,郑永飞.锆石成因矿物学及其对U-Pb年龄解释的制约[J].科学通报,2004,49(15):1554-1569.
[27]COX K G,BELL J D,PANKHURST R J.The interpretation of igneous rocks[M].London:Allen and Unwin,1979.
[28]IRVINE T N,BARAGAR W R A.A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks,Canadian[M].Journal of Earth Sciences,1971,8(5):523-548.
[29]PECCERILLO A,TAYLOR S R.Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu Area,Northern Turkey[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,1976,58(1):63-81.
[30]MIDDLEMOST E A K.Magmas and magmatic rocks:an introduction to igneous petrology[M].London:Longman,1985.
[31]董国臣,莫宣学,赵志丹,等.冈底斯岩浆带中段岩浆混合作用:来自花岗杂岩的证据[J].岩石学报,2006,22(4):77-86.
[32]MANIAR P D,PICCOLI P M.Tectonic discrimination of granitoids[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1989,101(5):635-643.
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