济南市小清河水文情势变化及生态影响分析
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摘要
为系统分析城市化发展对城市河流水文情势的干扰程度及对河流生态的影响程度,以济南市小清河干流为例,依据城市化发展规律,将黄台桥断面1960～2014年共54年日径流数据划分为3个时期,在生态径流指标基础上提出FDC均匀度指标,从整体水文情势的角度分析了济南市小清河的水文情势变化;采用EFCs分类方法,从基于流量分类的水文情势角度进一步揭示了城市化及跨流域补水对河流水文情势的改变程度及生态影响.结果表明:(1)城市化及跨流域补水对济南市小清河整体水文情势改变明显,年内流量分布越来越集中,不同等级流量的多样性变差;(2)高流量和小洪水是对水文情势扰动最剧烈的流量组分,对生态的影响也最为显著.研究成果可为下一步济南市小清河的生态调度及精细化管理提供技术支持.
To analyze the changes and impacts of urbanization on the hydrologic regime andecology of urban rivers systematically,the FDC uniformity index is proposed and theEFCs is employed,based on the data collected from the main stream of the XiaoqingRiver in Jinan.In particular,firstly,according to the law of urban development,the dailyrunoff data of the Huangtaiqiao section collected in the period 1960-2014(54 years),isdivided into three periods.The FDC uniformity index and the eco-flow metrics are usedto investigate the overall change of the hydrological regime of the Xiaoqing River.TheEFCs classification method is employed to further reveal the impacts and ecologicalinfluence of urbanization and inter-basin water supply on hydrological regime,in theperspective of the flow-based classification.The obtained results show that:(1)theoverall hydrological regime of the Xiaoqing River in Jinan is significantly affected byurbanization and inter-basin water supply.More specifically,it is found that the flowdistribution becomes increasingly concentrated and the diversity of the different flowgrades weakens.(2)the high flow and small flood are the most severe flow componentsthat disturbs the river regime and river ecosystem.The investigation results can providecritical technical support for the future ecological scheduling and fine management of theXiaoqing River in Jinan.
To analyze the changes and impacts of urbanization on the hydrologic regime andecology of urban rivers systematically,the FDC uniformity index is proposed and theEFCs is employed,based on the data collected from the main stream of the XiaoqingRiver in Jinan.In particular,firstly,according to the law of urban development,the dailyrunoff data of the Huangtaiqiao section collected in the period 1960-2014(54 years),isdivided into three periods.The FDC uniformity index and the eco-flow metrics are usedto investigate the overall change of the hydrological regime of the Xiaoqing River.TheEFCs classification method is employed to further reveal the impacts and ecologicalinfluence of urbanization and inter-basin water supply on hydrological regime,in theperspective of the flow-based classification.The obtained results show that:(1)theoverall hydrological regime of the Xiaoqing River in Jinan is significantly affected byurbanization and inter-basin water supply.More specifically,it is found that the flowdistribution becomes increasingly concentrated and the diversity of the different flowgrades weakens.(2)the high flow and small flood are the most severe flow componentsthat disturbs the river regime and river ecosystem.The investigation results can providecritical technical support for the future ecological scheduling and fine management of theXiaoqing River in Jinan.
引文
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[16]吴丹子.城市河道近自然化研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015Wu Danzi.Research on near-naturalization of urban channelized rivers[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2015
[2]Harper D,Zalewski M,Pacini N.Ecohydrology:Processes,models and case studies[M].Trowbridge:Cromwell Press,2008
[3]Richter B D,Baumgartner J V,Powell J,et al.A method for assessing hydrologic alteration within ecosystems[J].Conservation Biology,1996,10(4):1163-1174
[4]Richter B D.How much water does a river need?[J].Freshwater Biology,1997,37(1):231-2496
[5]Magilligan F J,Nislow K H,Graber B E.Scale-independent assessment of discharge reduction and riparian disconnectivity following flow regulation by dams[J].Geology,2003,31(7):569-572
[6]Lian Y Q,You J Y,Sparks R,et al.Impact of Human Activities to Hydrologic Alterations on the Illinois River[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2012,17(4):537-546
[7]张洪波,辛琛,王义民,等.宝鸡峡引水对渭河水文规律及生态系统的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(4):226-233Zhang Hongbo,Xin Chen,Wang Yimin,et al.Influence of drawing water to Baojixia irrigation area on hydrologic regularity and ecosystem of Weihe River[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University,2010,38(4):226-233
[8]武玮,徐宗学,李发鹏.渭河关中段水文过程改变程度分析[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(7):1124-1137Wu Wei,Xu Zongxue,Li Fapeng.Hydrologic alteration analysis in the Guanzhong Reach of the Weihe River[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2012,27(7):1124-1137
[9]孙艳伟,王文川,魏晓妹,等.城市化生态水文效应[J].水科学进展,2012,23(4):569-574Sun Yanwei,Wang Wenchuan,Wei Xiaomei,et al.Eco-hydrological impacts of urbanization[J].Advances in Water Science,2012,23(4):569-574
[10]Vogel R M,Sieber J,Archfield S A,et al.Relations among storage,yield and instream flow[J].Water Resources Research,2007,43(5):909-918
[11]Gao B,Yang D,Zhao T,et al.Changes in the eco-flow metrics of the Upper Yangtze River from 1961to 2008[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012:30-38
[12]Sugiyama H,Varawoot V,Whitaker A C,et al.Stochastic flow duration curves for evaluation of flow regimes in rivers[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2003,39(1):47-58
[13]Richter B D,Warner A T,Meyer J L,et al.A collaborative and adaptive process for developing environmental flow recommendations[J].River Research and Applications,2006,22(3):297-318
[14]路延捷.小清河[M].北京:气象出版社,1993Lu Yanjie.XiaoQing River[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,1993
[15]田家怡.山东小清河的原生动物[J].海洋湖沼通报,1995,(1):33-37Tian Jiayi.Protozoans in the Xiaoqing River[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,1995,(1):33-37
[16]吴丹子.城市河道近自然化研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015Wu Danzi.Research on near-naturalization of urban channelized rivers[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2015