基于功率平衡控制原理的双馈风电机组辅助调频方法
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摘要
高比例的风电并网给电网的功率平衡与频率稳定带来了严峻的挑战,如何充分发挥变速风电机组的有功备用潜力,研究风电场快速可控的调频控制方法成为提高风电消纳能力的关键问题。提出适用于全风速工况的变速变桨距风电机组的改进型有功控制策略,有效地实现了风电场响应电网功率调度指令减载运行并提供旋转备用。考虑风电场分散接入场景,针对机组跳机和负荷脱网等可监测的、大容量的单一扰动/故障事件,基于功率平衡控制原理提出风电场的辅助调频协调控制新方法,在电网功率发生突变时,根据风电场与扰动节点的最短电气距离,合理启动和分配不同风电场的紧急功率控制容量。仿真结果表明,所设计的风电场有功-频率控制方案能从降低暂态频率偏差幅值及减小频率恢复时间两方面,有效地提升系统发生扰动后的频率稳定性。
The high proportion of grid-connected wind power brings severe challenges of power balance and frequency stability to the power grid. How to make full use of the active reserve of variable-speed wind turbines and study the fast-flexible frequency modulation control method of wind farm become the key issues to improve the wind power consumption capacity. An improved active power control strategy for variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbines under full-wind speed condition is proposed,which can make the wind farm realize load shedding to response to the power dispatching order and provide active power reserve effectively. Considering the decentralized accessing scenario of wind farms and aiming at the monitorable,large-capacity single disturbance or fault event such as generator trip,load off-network,and so on,a new coordinated auxiliary frequency modulation method is proposed based on the principle of power balance control. When the power of the grid changes suddenly,the emergency power support capacity of different wind farms are started and allocated reasonably according to the shortest electrical distance between the wind farms and the disturbance node. Simulative results show that the designed power-frequency control strategy can effectively improve the frequency stability of the power grid after the disturbance from two aspects of reducing the amplitude of transient frequency deviation and the frequency recovery time.
The high proportion of grid-connected wind power brings severe challenges of power balance and frequency stability to the power grid. How to make full use of the active reserve of variable-speed wind turbines and study the fast-flexible frequency modulation control method of wind farm become the key issues to improve the wind power consumption capacity. An improved active power control strategy for variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbines under full-wind speed condition is proposed,which can make the wind farm realize load shedding to response to the power dispatching order and provide active power reserve effectively. Considering the decentralized accessing scenario of wind farms and aiming at the monitorable,large-capacity single disturbance or fault event such as generator trip,load off-network,and so on,a new coordinated auxiliary frequency modulation method is proposed based on the principle of power balance control. When the power of the grid changes suddenly,the emergency power support capacity of different wind farms are started and allocated reasonably according to the shortest electrical distance between the wind farms and the disturbance node. Simulative results show that the designed power-frequency control strategy can effectively improve the frequency stability of the power grid after the disturbance from two aspects of reducing the amplitude of transient frequency deviation and the frequency recovery time.
引文
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[15]吴军,涂光瑜,罗毅,等.电力系统分层紧急负荷控制[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(20):26-31.WU Jun,TU Guangyu,LUO Yi,et al. Hierarchical load emergency control of power system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2006,30(20):26-31.
[16]刘明松,孙华东,何剑.考虑暂态频率偏移的一次调频旋转备用优化方法[J].电网技术,2011,35(8):129-133.LIU Mingsong,SUN Huadong,HE Jian. An optimization method for spinning reserve in primary frequency control considering transient frequency deviation[J]. Power System Technology,2011,35(8):129-133.
[17]李运坤,吕飞鹏,蒋科,等.基于最短电气距离的运行方式组合方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(15):24-27.LI Yunkun,LFeipeng,JIANG Ke,et al. Method for power system operation mode combination based on shortest electrical distance[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2010,38(15):24-27.
[2]唐西胜,苗福丰,齐智平,等.风力发电的调频技术研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4304-4314.TANG Xisheng,MIAO Fufeng,QI Zhiping,et al. Survey on frequency control of wind power[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4304-4314.
[3]潘伟,李勇,曹一家,等.用于大规模集中式风电并网的VSCHVDC频率控制方法[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(5):94-99.PAN Wei,LI Yong,CAO Yijia,et al. Frequency control of gridconnection system based on VSC-HVDC for large-scale centralized wind farm[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(5):94-99.
[4]MORREN J,DE HAAN S W H,KLING W L,et al. Wind turbines emulating inertia and supporting primary frequency control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2006,21(1):433-434.
[5]梁建钢,金新民,吴学智,等.基于下垂控制的微电网变流器并网运行控制方法改进[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(4):59-65.LIANG Jiangang,JIN Xinmin,WU Xuezhi,et al. Improved grid-connection operation of microgrid converter based on droop control[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(4):59-65.
[6]周志超,王成山,郭力,等.变速变桨距风电机组的全风速限功率优化控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(8):1837-1844.ZHOU Zhichao,WANG Chengshan,GUO Li,et al. Output power curtailment control of variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbine generator at all wind speed regions[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(8):1837-1844.
[7] DESHPANDE A S,PETERS R R. Wind turbine controller designconsiderations for improved wind farm level curtailment tracking[C]∥2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting. San Diego,CA,USA:IEEE,2012:1-6.
[8]ZERTEK A,VERBIC G,PANTOS M. A novel strategy for variablespeed wind turbines'participation in primary frequency control[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2012,3(4):791-799.
[9]吴子双,于继来,彭喜云.高风速段次优功率追踪方式的风电调频方法[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(5):112-119.WU Zishuang,YU Jilai,PENG Xiyun. DFIG's frequency regulation method only for high wind speed with suboptimal power tracking[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(5):112-119.
[10]陈赟,陈得治,马世英,等.风光火打捆交直流外送系统的高频切机方案研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(1):186-192.CHEN Yun,CHEN Dezhi,MA Shiying,et al. Studies on high-frequency generator tripping strategy for wind-photovoltaic-thermalbundled power transmitted by AC/DC system[J]. Power System Technology,2016,40(1):186-192.
[11]付媛,王毅,张祥宇,等.变速风电机组的惯性与一次调频特性分析及综合控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(27):4706-4716.FU Yuan,WANG Yi,ZHANG Xiangyu,et al. Analysis and integrated control of inertia and primary frequency regulation for variable speed wind turbines[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(27):4706-4716.
[12]张昭遂,孙元章,李国杰,等.超速与变桨协调的双馈风电机组频率控制[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(17):20-25,43.ZHANG Zhaosui,SUN Yuanzhang,LI Guojie,et al. Frequency regulation by doubly fed induction generator wind turbines based on coordinated overspeed control and pitch control[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(17):20-25,43.
[13]李国庆,王鹤,李鸿鹏.微电网中双馈感应风力发电系统控制方法研究[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(10):1-7,52.LI Guoqing,WANG He,LI Hongpeng. Control strategy for DFIGbased wind farm in microgrid[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(10):1-7,52.
[14]黄林彬,章雷其,辛焕海,等.下垂控制逆变器的虚拟功角稳定机理分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):117-123,150.HUANG Linbin,ZHANG Leiqi,XIN Huanhai,et al. Mechanism analysis of virtual power angle stability in droop-controlled inverters[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(12):117-123,150.
[15]吴军,涂光瑜,罗毅,等.电力系统分层紧急负荷控制[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(20):26-31.WU Jun,TU Guangyu,LUO Yi,et al. Hierarchical load emergency control of power system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2006,30(20):26-31.
[16]刘明松,孙华东,何剑.考虑暂态频率偏移的一次调频旋转备用优化方法[J].电网技术,2011,35(8):129-133.LIU Mingsong,SUN Huadong,HE Jian. An optimization method for spinning reserve in primary frequency control considering transient frequency deviation[J]. Power System Technology,2011,35(8):129-133.
[17]李运坤,吕飞鹏,蒋科,等.基于最短电气距离的运行方式组合方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(15):24-27.LI Yunkun,LFeipeng,JIANG Ke,et al. Method for power system operation mode combination based on shortest electrical distance[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2010,38(15):24-27.