20世纪50年代中期以来崇明岛东部盐沼发育对长江入海泥沙的响应
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摘要
以20世纪50年代中期以来崇明岛东部盐沼6个钻孔潮坪层段为研究对象,根据柱样粒度特征、碳/氮元素含量、有机碳稳定同位素组成(δ13C)和C/N比,结合长江入海泥沙通量的变化,研究20世纪50年代中期以来崇明岛东部盐沼发育与长江入海泥沙的响应关系。结果表明:长江入海泥沙通量及组成是20世纪50年代中期以来崇明岛东部盐沼物质粗细变化的主控因素;崇明岛东部盐沼沉积物δ13C与C/N比的相关程度、有机质含量与各粒径区间颗粒含量的相关性在不同时期均存在差异;20世纪60年代,长江入海泥沙量达到顶峰,流域不同侵蚀区域的泥沙相互混合,有机质含量与各粒径区间颗粒含量的相关性及δ13C与C/N比的相关程度均很差;20世纪90年代以来,崇明岛东部地区进行了高强度的围垦活动,δ13C与C/N比的相关程度下降。这表明20世纪50-80年代崇明岛东部盐沼发育受长江入海泥沙控制,20世纪90年代以来崇明岛东部盐沼发育除受长江入海泥沙控制外,还受围垦等人类活动的显著影响。
Response of evolution of the salt marsh to the sediment discharge from Yangtze River was studied, based on the analyses of grain sizes, contents of particulate organic carbon(POC) and total nitrogen(TN), stable carbon isotope(δ13 C) and C/N ratios for six cores in the eastern part of Chongming Island salt marsh after mid-1950 s, as well as the change characteristics of the sediment discharge from Yangtze River. Results indicated that the change of the grain size for the eastern part of Chongming Island salt marsh after mid-1950 s was controlled by the sediment discharge from the Yangtze River. Correlations between contents of organic matter(POC and TN) and contents of grains in different size fractions, and between δ13 C and C/N ratios are different for six cores. In the 1960 s, the sediment discharge from the Yangtze River was the most, and the sediments in different reaches of the river mixed with each other. This led to both poor correlations between the contents of organic matter(POC and TN)and contents of grains in different size fractions, and between δ13 C and C/N ratios, respectively.There has been a decline of the correlations between δ13 C and C/N ratios for the heavy reclamation since the 1990 s. This indicated that evolution of the salt marsh in the eastern part of Chongming Island was controlled by the sediment discharge from the Yangtze River from the 1950 s to the 1980 s. Since the 1990 s, evolution of the salt marsh in the eastern part of Chongming Island has been not only controlled by the sediment discharge from the river, but also influenced by human activities such as reclamation.
Response of evolution of the salt marsh to the sediment discharge from Yangtze River was studied, based on the analyses of grain sizes, contents of particulate organic carbon(POC) and total nitrogen(TN), stable carbon isotope(δ13 C) and C/N ratios for six cores in the eastern part of Chongming Island salt marsh after mid-1950 s, as well as the change characteristics of the sediment discharge from Yangtze River. Results indicated that the change of the grain size for the eastern part of Chongming Island salt marsh after mid-1950 s was controlled by the sediment discharge from the Yangtze River. Correlations between contents of organic matter(POC and TN) and contents of grains in different size fractions, and between δ13 C and C/N ratios are different for six cores. In the 1960 s, the sediment discharge from the Yangtze River was the most, and the sediments in different reaches of the river mixed with each other. This led to both poor correlations between the contents of organic matter(POC and TN)and contents of grains in different size fractions, and between δ13 C and C/N ratios, respectively.There has been a decline of the correlations between δ13 C and C/N ratios for the heavy reclamation since the 1990 s. This indicated that evolution of the salt marsh in the eastern part of Chongming Island was controlled by the sediment discharge from the Yangtze River from the 1950 s to the 1980 s. Since the 1990 s, evolution of the salt marsh in the eastern part of Chongming Island has been not only controlled by the sediment discharge from the river, but also influenced by human activities such as reclamation.
引文
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[20]Chen Qingqiang,Meng Yi,Zhou Juzhen,et al.Sedimentological and geochemical characteristics for evolution of salt marsh in the Changjiang River Estuary in China.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2007,29(6):45-52.[陈庆强,孟翊,周菊珍,等.长江口盐沼滩面演化的沉积和地球化学特征.海洋学报(中文版),2007,29(6):45-52.]
[21]Xie Li,Zhang Zhenke,Cong Ning,et al.Grain-size records of tidal flat sediments near Yuantuojiao point,estuary of the north branch of the Changjiang River and grain-size responses to environment changes.Quaternary Sciences,2010,30(5):984-993.[谢丽,张振克,丛宁,等.长江北支口门圆陀角附近潮滩沉积物粒度记录及其对环境变化的响应.第四纪研究,2010,30(5):984-993.]
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[23]Yang S L,Zhang J,Zhu J,et al.Impact of dams on Yangtze River sediment supply to the sea and delta intertidal wetland response.Journal of Geophysical Research:Earth Surface,2005,110(F3).
[24]Wang Jinjun.Change relationship between Yangtze sediment transport and growth and evolvement of Yangtze Estuary tidal flat[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Normal University,2006.[王金军.长江泥沙输移与河口潮滩的冲淤变化关系[D].上海:上海师范大学,2006.]
[25]Fu Renshou,Yu Zhiying,Jin Liu,et al.Variation trend of runoff and sediment load in Yangtze River.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003,34(11):21-29.[府仁寿,虞志英,金镠,等.长江水沙变化发展趋势.水利学报,2003,34(11):21-29.]
[26]Meyers P A.Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter.Chemical geology,1994,114(3/4):289-302.
[27]Cifuentes L A,Coffin R B,Solorzano L,et al.Isotopic and elemental variations of carbon and nitrogen in a mangrove estuary.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1996,43(6):781-800.
[28]Thornton S F,McManus J.Application of organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotope and C/N ratios as source indicators of organic matter provenance in estuarine systems:Evidence from the Tay Estuary,Scotland.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1994,38(3):219-233.
[29]Colombo J C,Silverberg N,Gearing J N.Biogeochemistry of organic matter in the Laurentian Trough,II.Bulk composition of the sediments and relative reactivity of major components during early diagenesis.Marine Chemistry,1996,51(4):295-314.
[30]Andrews J E,Greenaway A M,Dennis P F.Combined carbon isotope and C/N ratios as indicators of source and fate of organic matter in a poorly flushed,tropical estuary:Hunts Bay,Kingston Harbour,Jamaica.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1998,46(5):743-756.
[31]Yang S L,Zhao Q,Belkin I M.Temporal variation in the sediment load of the Yangtze River and the influences of human activities.Journal of Hydrology,2002,263(1-4):56-71.
[32]Wei W,Tang Z,Dai Z J,et al.Variations in tidal flats of the Changjiang(Yangtze)Estuary during 1950s-2010s:Future crisis and policy implication.Ocean&Coastal Management,2015,108:89-96.
[33]Yang Shilun,Zhu Jun,Zhao Qingying.A preliminary study on the influence of Changjiang River sediment supply on subaqueous delta.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2003(5):83-91.[杨世伦,朱骏,赵庆英.长江供沙量减少对水下三角洲发育影响的初步研究:近期证据分析和未来趋势估计.海洋学报(中文版),2003(5):83-91.]
[2]Le T V H,Nguyen H N,Wolanski E,et al.The combined impact on the flooding in Vietnam's Mekong River Delta of local man-made structures,sea level rise,and dams upstream in the river catchment.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,71(1/2):110-116.
[3]Chang Jun,Liu Gaohuan,Liu Qingsheng.Analysis on spatio-temporal feature of coastline change in the Yellow River Estuary and its relation with runoff and sand-transportation.Geographical Research,2004,23(3):339-346.[常军,刘高焕,刘庆生.黄河口海岸线演变时空特征及其与黄河来水来沙关系.地理研究,2004,23(3):339-346.]
[4]He Xiaoqing,Dai Xuerong,Gu Chengjun.Geomorphic evolution of eastern Chongming Island during the last 40 years and its future trend,based on the sea charts comparison.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2010,30(4):105-113.[何小勤,戴雪荣,顾成军.基于海图的崇明岛东滩近40年发育变化与趋势.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(4):105-113.]
[5]Yin Mingquan,Li Cai.Shoreline dynamics and evolution forecast in the Yellow River Delta Estuary.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2006,26(6):35-40.[尹明泉,李采.黄河三角洲河口段海岸线动态及演变预测.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2006,26(6):35-40.]
[6]Yang Shilun,Li Ming,Zhang Wenxiang.Sensibility of delta forward coastal response to decrease in riverine sediment supply:A case study from the seaward coast of the Chongming Island in the Changjiang River Delta.Geography and Geo-information Science,2006,22(6):62-65.[杨世伦,李明,张文祥.三角洲前缘岸滩对河流来沙减少响应的敏感性探讨:以长江口门区崇明岛向海侧岸滩为例.地理与地理信息科学,2006,22(6):62-65.]
[7]Yang Yunping,Li Yitian,Fan Yongyang.Relationship between sediment elements of river basin and front sand islands evolution in Yangtze Estuary.Resources and Environment in The Yangtze Basin.2014,23(5):652-658.[杨云平,李义天,樊咏阳.长江口前缘沙洲演变与流域泥沙要素关系.长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(5):652-658.]
[8]Mitsch W J,Gosselink J C.Wetlands.Canada:John Wiley&Son,2000.
[9]Wang Qin,Wang Chenhuan,Huang Shenfa,et al.Wang Min.Review on salt marsh plant communities:Distribution.succession and impact factors.Ecology and Environment Science,2012,21(2):375-388.[王卿,汪承焕,黄沈发,等.盐沼植物群落研究进展:分布、演替及影响因子.生态环境学报,2012,21(2):375-388.]
[10]Fan Daidu,Li Congxian.Lamination and preservation rate of mudflat deposition on the Changjiang Delta.Marine Science Bulletin,2000,19(6):34-41.[范代读,李从先.长江三角洲泥质潮坪沉积的韵律性及保存率.海洋通报,2000,19(6):34-41.]
[11]Graham M C,Eaves M A,Farmer J G,et al.A study of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope and elemental ratios as potential indicators of source and fate of organic matter in sediments of the Forth Estuary,Scotland.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2001,52(3):375-380.
[12]Chen Qingqiang,Meng Yi,Zhou Juzhen,et al.Constraints for distribution of soil organic carbon with depth due to evolution of the salt marsh in the Yangtze River Estuary.Advances in Earth Science,2007,22(1):26-32.[陈庆强,孟翊,周菊珍,等.长江口盐沼滩面发育对有机碳深度分布的制约.地球科学进展,2007,22(1):26-32.]
[13]Liu Min,Hou Lijun,Xu Shiyuan,et al.Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes as tracers to source organic matter in the Yangtze Estuary.Acta Geographica Sinica,2004,59(6):918-926.[刘敏,侯立军,许世远,等.长江口潮滩有机质来源的C、N稳定同位素示踪.地理学报,2004,59(6):918-926.]
[14]Wu Ying,Zhang Jing,Zhang Zaifeng,et al.Seasonal variability of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope of suspended particulate matter in the Changjiang River.Oceanologia et Limnologia sinica.2002,33(5):546-552.[吴莹,张经,张再峰,等.长江悬浮颗粒物中稳定碳,氮同位素的季节分布.海洋与湖沼,2002,33(5):546-552.]
[15]Chen Qingqiang,Zhou Juzhen,Meng Yi et al.Organic carbon accumulation effects assocaiated with during salt marsh evolution in Changjiang River Estuary.Progress in Nature Science,2007,17(5):614-623.[陈庆强,周菊珍,孟翊,等.长江口盐沼滩面演化的有机碳累积效应.自然科学进展,2007,17(5):614-623.]
[16]Xu Ren.Investigation and Research on the Islands of Shanghai.Beijing:Science Press,2013:41-58.[徐韧.上海市海岛调查与研究.北京:科学出版社,2013:41-58.]
[17]Zhao Changqing,Mao Zhichang,Yu Zhiying,et al.The analysis of the eastern Chongming tidal flats evolution in the Yangize River Estuary.Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2008(3):27-34.[赵常青,茅志昌,虞志英,等.长江口崇明东滩冲淤演变分析.海洋湖沼通报,2008(3):27-34.]
[18]Yang S L,Ding P X,Chen S L.Changes in progradation rate of the tidal flats at the mouth of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River,China.Geomorphology,2001,38(1/2):167-180.
[19]Yao Zhenxing,Chen Qingqiang,Yang Qinchuan.Preliminary study on the progradation rate of the eastern part of Chongming Island in recent six decades.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2017,26(5):698-705.[姚振兴,陈庆强,杨钦川.近60年来崇明岛东部淤涨速率初探.长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(5):698-705.]
[20]Chen Qingqiang,Meng Yi,Zhou Juzhen,et al.Sedimentological and geochemical characteristics for evolution of salt marsh in the Changjiang River Estuary in China.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2007,29(6):45-52.[陈庆强,孟翊,周菊珍,等.长江口盐沼滩面演化的沉积和地球化学特征.海洋学报(中文版),2007,29(6):45-52.]
[21]Xie Li,Zhang Zhenke,Cong Ning,et al.Grain-size records of tidal flat sediments near Yuantuojiao point,estuary of the north branch of the Changjiang River and grain-size responses to environment changes.Quaternary Sciences,2010,30(5):984-993.[谢丽,张振克,丛宁,等.长江北支口门圆陀角附近潮滩沉积物粒度记录及其对环境变化的响应.第四纪研究,2010,30(5):984-993.]
[22]Yang Yunping,Zhang Mingjin,Fan Yongyang,et al.Variation trend and causes of suspended sediment characteristic in Yangtze Estuary.Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2016,24(6):1203-1218.[杨云平,张明进,樊咏阳,等.长江河口悬沙颗粒特征变化趋势及成因.应用基础与工程科学学报,2016,24(6):1203-1218.]
[23]Yang S L,Zhang J,Zhu J,et al.Impact of dams on Yangtze River sediment supply to the sea and delta intertidal wetland response.Journal of Geophysical Research:Earth Surface,2005,110(F3).
[24]Wang Jinjun.Change relationship between Yangtze sediment transport and growth and evolvement of Yangtze Estuary tidal flat[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Normal University,2006.[王金军.长江泥沙输移与河口潮滩的冲淤变化关系[D].上海:上海师范大学,2006.]
[25]Fu Renshou,Yu Zhiying,Jin Liu,et al.Variation trend of runoff and sediment load in Yangtze River.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003,34(11):21-29.[府仁寿,虞志英,金镠,等.长江水沙变化发展趋势.水利学报,2003,34(11):21-29.]
[26]Meyers P A.Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter.Chemical geology,1994,114(3/4):289-302.
[27]Cifuentes L A,Coffin R B,Solorzano L,et al.Isotopic and elemental variations of carbon and nitrogen in a mangrove estuary.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1996,43(6):781-800.
[28]Thornton S F,McManus J.Application of organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotope and C/N ratios as source indicators of organic matter provenance in estuarine systems:Evidence from the Tay Estuary,Scotland.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1994,38(3):219-233.
[29]Colombo J C,Silverberg N,Gearing J N.Biogeochemistry of organic matter in the Laurentian Trough,II.Bulk composition of the sediments and relative reactivity of major components during early diagenesis.Marine Chemistry,1996,51(4):295-314.
[30]Andrews J E,Greenaway A M,Dennis P F.Combined carbon isotope and C/N ratios as indicators of source and fate of organic matter in a poorly flushed,tropical estuary:Hunts Bay,Kingston Harbour,Jamaica.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1998,46(5):743-756.
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