先进树脂基复合材料微波固化过程数值模拟
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摘要
在深入分析玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料微波固化过程的基础上,结合电磁学、传热学及固化动力学理论,建立了一个含有2项内热源的电磁场-温度场-固化度场耦合模型,基于该多物理场耦合模型,对玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料NOL环的微波固化过程进行了仿真模拟,将仿真结果与传统热固化过程进行了对比研究,得到结论为:微波固化方式较传统热固化方式缩短了复合材料达到既定固化温度的时间,降低了复合材料NOL环内部的固化度分布梯度,有效改善了固化均匀性。复合材料微波固化过程数值模拟的实现,为微波固化技术的研究提供了一种可行的方法途径。
On the basis of thoroughly analyzing the microwave curing process of glass fiber epoxy composites, this paper combines with electromagnetic, heat transfer and cure reaction kinetics theories, to build a three-dimensional coupled model of electromagnetic field, temperature field and cure degree field, and the model includes two internal heat sources. Based on this model, the simulation of microwave curing process of glass fiber epoxy NOL ring is realized, and the simulation results are compared with the traditional thermal curing process. The comparative studies show that the microwave curing method shortens the time for the composite to reach the curing temperature, and reduces the gradient of cure degree distribution in the composite NOL ring and effectively improves the uniformity of cure compared with conventional thermal curing method. The realization of numerical simulations on microwave curing processes of epoxy composites could provide a feasible method for the study of microwave curing technique.
On the basis of thoroughly analyzing the microwave curing process of glass fiber epoxy composites, this paper combines with electromagnetic, heat transfer and cure reaction kinetics theories, to build a three-dimensional coupled model of electromagnetic field, temperature field and cure degree field, and the model includes two internal heat sources. Based on this model, the simulation of microwave curing process of glass fiber epoxy NOL ring is realized, and the simulation results are compared with the traditional thermal curing process. The comparative studies show that the microwave curing method shortens the time for the composite to reach the curing temperature, and reduces the gradient of cure degree distribution in the composite NOL ring and effectively improves the uniformity of cure compared with conventional thermal curing method. The realization of numerical simulations on microwave curing processes of epoxy composites could provide a feasible method for the study of microwave curing technique.
引文
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[8] SUN R S,KEMPEL L C,ZONG L M,et al.Coupled Electromagnetic Thermal and Kinetic Modeling for Microwave Processing of Polymers with Temperature and Cure Dependent Permittivity Using 3D FEM[J].International Journal of Application Electromagnetics a nd Mechanics,2009,30(1-2):9-28.
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[10] 张纪奎,郦正能,关志东,等.热固性复合材料固化过程三维有限元模拟和变形预测[J].复合材料学报,2009,26(2):174-178.ZHANG J K,LI Z N,GUAN Z D,et al.Three-Dimensional Finite Element Simulation and Prediction for Process-induced Deformation of Thermoset Composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2009,26(2):174-178.(in Chinese)
[11] BOEY F Y C,SONG X L,YUE C Y,et al.Modeling the Curing Kinetics for a Modified Bismaleimide Resin[J].Journal of Polymer Science Part A:Polymer Chemistry,2000,38(5):907-913.
[12] 常新龙,马仁利,张晓军,等.微波固化玻璃纤维缠绕复合材料试验研究[J].固体火箭技术,2016,39(6):809-814.CHANG X L,MA R L,ZHANG X J,et al.Experimental Study on Microwave Curing of Glass Fiber Filament-Wound Composites[J].Journal of Solid Rocket Technology,2016,39(6):809-814.(in Chinese)
[13] MAKUL N,RATTANADECHO P,AGRAWAL D K.Microwave Curing at an Operating Frequency of 2.45 GHz of Portland Cement Paste at Early-Stage Using a Multi-Mode Cavity:Experimental and Numerical Analysis on Heat Transfer Characteristics[J].International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2010,37:1487-1495.
[14] 贺继林,蒙元明,王特,等.基于材料物性参数时变特性的复合材料层合板固化残余应变应力数值模拟[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2017(5):41-47.HE J L,MENG Y M,WANG T,et al.Numerial Simulation of Curing Residual Stress and Strain of Composite Laminates with Time-Dependent Physical Parameters of Materials[J].Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2017(5):41-47.(in Chinese)
[15] ZONG L M,KEMPEL L C,HAWLEY M C.Dielectric Studies of Three Epoxy Resin Systems during Microwave Cure[J].Polymer,2005,46:2638-2645.
[16] 宋文瀚,王瑞芳,李占勇,等.导电粒子对改善微波加热食品中局部过热现象的研究[J].食品与机械,2014,30(1):15-20.SONG W H,WANG R F,LI Z Y,et al.Improvement of Electric Conductive Based on Partial Overheating Phenomenon in Microwave Food Heating[J].Food & Machinery,2014,30(1):15-20.(in Chinese)
[2] MA R L,CHANG X L,ZHANG X J,et al.Effect of Curing Method on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Carbon Fiber Epoxy Composites for Solid Rocket Motor[J].Polymer Composites,2015,36:1703-1711.
[3] 李树健,湛利华,李常平,等.树脂基复合材料热压成型工艺数值模拟研究进展[J].宇航材料工艺,2018,48(1):10-15.LI S J,ZHAN L H,LI C P,et al.Progress on Numerical Simulation for Polymer Matrix Composite During Hot Pressing Process[J].Aerospace Materials & Technology,2018,48(1):10-15.(in Chinese)
[4] 嵇培军,王国勇,赵亮.树脂基结构复合材料的研究进展[J].宇航材料工艺,2015,45(4):1-5.JI P J,WANG G Y,ZHAO L.Development of Resin Matrix Structural Composites[J].Aerospace Materials & Technology,2015,45(4):1-5.(in Chinese)
[5] 邢丽英,蒋诗才,周正刚.先进树脂基复合材料制造技术进展[J].复合材料学报,2013,30(2):1-9.XING L Y,JIANG S C,ZHOU Z G.Progress of Manufacturing Technology Development of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2013,30(2):1-9.(in Chinese)
[6] HASSAN M R,GANJEH B.Application of Microwave Heating in Aerospace Composite Processing[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2014,564:310-314.
[7] DURKA M K,KIMITRAKIS G,BOGDAL D.A Concise Review on Microwave-Assisted Polycondensation Reactions and Curing of Polycondensation Polymers with Focus on the Effect of Process Conditions[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,264:633-644.
[8] SUN R S,KEMPEL L C,ZONG L M,et al.Coupled Electromagnetic Thermal and Kinetic Modeling for Microwave Processing of Polymers with Temperature and Cure Dependent Permittivity Using 3D FEM[J].International Journal of Application Electromagnetics a nd Mechanics,2009,30(1-2):9-28.
[9] NESBITT A,NAVABPOUR P,DEGAMBER B,et al.Development of a Microwave Calorimeter for Simultaneous Thermal Analysis,Infrared Spectroscopy and Dielectric Measurements[J].Measurement Science and Technology,2004,15:2313-2324.
[10] 张纪奎,郦正能,关志东,等.热固性复合材料固化过程三维有限元模拟和变形预测[J].复合材料学报,2009,26(2):174-178.ZHANG J K,LI Z N,GUAN Z D,et al.Three-Dimensional Finite Element Simulation and Prediction for Process-induced Deformation of Thermoset Composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2009,26(2):174-178.(in Chinese)
[11] BOEY F Y C,SONG X L,YUE C Y,et al.Modeling the Curing Kinetics for a Modified Bismaleimide Resin[J].Journal of Polymer Science Part A:Polymer Chemistry,2000,38(5):907-913.
[12] 常新龙,马仁利,张晓军,等.微波固化玻璃纤维缠绕复合材料试验研究[J].固体火箭技术,2016,39(6):809-814.CHANG X L,MA R L,ZHANG X J,et al.Experimental Study on Microwave Curing of Glass Fiber Filament-Wound Composites[J].Journal of Solid Rocket Technology,2016,39(6):809-814.(in Chinese)
[13] MAKUL N,RATTANADECHO P,AGRAWAL D K.Microwave Curing at an Operating Frequency of 2.45 GHz of Portland Cement Paste at Early-Stage Using a Multi-Mode Cavity:Experimental and Numerical Analysis on Heat Transfer Characteristics[J].International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2010,37:1487-1495.
[14] 贺继林,蒙元明,王特,等.基于材料物性参数时变特性的复合材料层合板固化残余应变应力数值模拟[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2017(5):41-47.HE J L,MENG Y M,WANG T,et al.Numerial Simulation of Curing Residual Stress and Strain of Composite Laminates with Time-Dependent Physical Parameters of Materials[J].Fiber Reinforced Plastics/Composites,2017(5):41-47.(in Chinese)
[15] ZONG L M,KEMPEL L C,HAWLEY M C.Dielectric Studies of Three Epoxy Resin Systems during Microwave Cure[J].Polymer,2005,46:2638-2645.
[16] 宋文瀚,王瑞芳,李占勇,等.导电粒子对改善微波加热食品中局部过热现象的研究[J].食品与机械,2014,30(1):15-20.SONG W H,WANG R F,LI Z Y,et al.Improvement of Electric Conductive Based on Partial Overheating Phenomenon in Microwave Food Heating[J].Food & Machinery,2014,30(1):15-20.(in Chinese)