不同肥料配施对西瓜果实营养积累及土壤脲酶活性的影响
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摘要
[目的]研究西瓜膨瓜期不同肥料配施对西瓜果实营养积累及土壤根际脲酶活性的影响,为西瓜优质生产及有机废弃物的资源化利用提供科学依据。[方法]在大田试验条件下,研究蚓粪、鸡粪、化肥不同配施处理对西瓜叶绿素、果实营养积累及土壤脲酶活性的影响。[结果]与不施肥(CK)相比,追施膨瓜肥的不同处理不仅对西瓜叶绿素含量、果实可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、甜度均有不同程度的提高,而且对西瓜根际土壤脲酶活性也有不同程度的影响,表现为含有有机肥的各处理脲酶活性与对照相比均呈逐渐上升趋势,而单施化肥处理呈先上升后下降的趋势。[结论]综合比较各项指标,鸡粪与蚓粪(JY)配施处理西瓜果实营养积累效果更佳,是较理想的配施措施。
[Objective] Effect of its application vermicompost co-applide with different fertilizers on fruit nutrition accumulation and the urease activity in rhizosphere soil of watermelon during the fruiting period was studied,and provide important scientific basis of watermelon high-quality production and agricultural organic waste recycling.[Method] Effects of different combinations treatments of vermicompost,chicken manure and chemical fertilizers on watermelon chlorophyll nutrition accumulation and soil urease activity were studied under field condition.[Result] Compared to the CK( neither urea nor vermicompost and chicken manure was applied) treatment,topdressing different combinations treatments not only increased the content of chlorophyll,soluble sugar and soluble protein as well as sweetness in watermelon,but also affected the urease activity in rhizosphere soil of watermelon in varying degrees.Compared with the control,the activity of urease with organic manure showed a gradual upward trend,while the single fertilizer showed the trend of first increasing and then decreasing.[Conclusion]Comprehensive comparison of the indicators,vermicompost co-applide with chicken manure( 50% and 50% of nitrogen was provided by vermicompost and chicken manure,respectively) had better effect on the nutrition accumulation in watermelon fruit during the fruiting period,which was an ideal fertilization practices.
[Objective] Effect of its application vermicompost co-applide with different fertilizers on fruit nutrition accumulation and the urease activity in rhizosphere soil of watermelon during the fruiting period was studied,and provide important scientific basis of watermelon high-quality production and agricultural organic waste recycling.[Method] Effects of different combinations treatments of vermicompost,chicken manure and chemical fertilizers on watermelon chlorophyll nutrition accumulation and soil urease activity were studied under field condition.[Result] Compared to the CK( neither urea nor vermicompost and chicken manure was applied) treatment,topdressing different combinations treatments not only increased the content of chlorophyll,soluble sugar and soluble protein as well as sweetness in watermelon,but also affected the urease activity in rhizosphere soil of watermelon in varying degrees.Compared with the control,the activity of urease with organic manure showed a gradual upward trend,while the single fertilizer showed the trend of first increasing and then decreasing.[Conclusion]Comprehensive comparison of the indicators,vermicompost co-applide with chicken manure( 50% and 50% of nitrogen was provided by vermicompost and chicken manure,respectively) had better effect on the nutrition accumulation in watermelon fruit during the fruiting period,which was an ideal fertilization practices.
引文
[1]张玉凤,董亮,杨力,等.不同掺混比例控释尿素对西瓜产量和品质的影响[J].科技创新导报,2010(24):130-131.
[2]赵洪颜,钱选民.西瓜栽培技术[J].农业与技术,2016,36(15):95-96.
[3]王福友,王冲,刘全清,等.腐植酸、蚯蚓粪及蚯蚓蛋白肥料对滨海盐碱土壤的改良效应[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(5):89-94.
[4]林葆.化肥与无公害农业[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004:141-158.
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[6]王明友,井大炜,张红,等.蚯蚓粪对豇豆土壤活性有机碳及微生物活性的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(7):1404-1410.
[7]徐魁梧,戴杏庭.蚯蚓人工养殖与利用新技术[M].南京:南京出版社,1998:22-24.
[8]张聪俐,戴军,周波,等.不同比例蚓粪对玉米生长以及土壤肥力特性的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2013,34(2):137-143.
[9]申飞,刘满强,李辉信,等.蚓粪和益生菌互作对土壤性状、菠菜产量和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(5):90-95.
[10]吕振宇,马永良.蚯蚓粪有机肥对土壤肥力与甘蓝生长、品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(12):236-240.
[11]关松荫.土壤酶与土壤肥力[J].土壤通报,1980,1(6):41-44.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:432-437.
[13]杨玖,谷洁.不同锌浓度有机肥对土壤酶活性及微生物数量的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(4):408-412.
[14]陈恩凤.土壤酶与土壤肥力研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1979:54-61.
[15]陈小锦,沈鹏飞,陈博阳,等.不同蚓粪添加量对红壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(11):443-445.
[16]孙家骏,付青霞,谷洁,等.生物有机肥对猕猴桃土壤酶活性和微生物群落的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(3):829-837.
[17]王才斌,郑亚萍,梁晓艳,等.施肥对旱地花生主要土壤肥力指标及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(4):1300-1307.
[18]昝林生,苏厚谊.施用蚯蚓粪对西瓜品质及根际土壤理化性状的影响[J].生物灾害科学,2014(2):119-123.
[19]徐福利,梁银丽,张成娥,等.施肥对日光温室黄瓜生长和土壤生物学特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(7):1227-1230.
[20]王伟,岳政府,刘孝文,等.低温适应型植物根际促生细菌的筛选及促生效应研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2017,40(1):93-100.
[21]朱丽梅,罗凤霞.百合叶片中可溶性蛋白、叶绿素、可溶性糖含量与灰霉病抗性的关系[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(5):134-136.
[22]叶春升,罗奇祥,张福群,等.肥料不同施用方式对水稻早衰的影响[J].江西农业学报,2006,18(4):1-5.
[23]林丽琳,陈晟,施木田,等.镁对‘新天玲’西瓜叶片光合色素、可溶性蛋白含量和硝酸还原酶活性的影响[J].热带农业科学,2015,35(1):26-30.
[24]史雅静,王正彦,李田春,等.有机废弃物对韭兰叶片可溶性蛋白及土壤根际脲酶活性的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2017(3):38-41.
[25]张宁,任亚丽,史庆华,等.蚯蚓粪对西瓜品质和产量的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2011(6):76-79.
[26]王小治,王爱礼,王守红,等.污泥蚓粪对匍匐翦股颖草生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(8):1683-1687.
[27]刘健,薛进军,梁高生,等.蚯蚓粪在小白菜穴盘育苗上应用研究[J].广西农业科学,2008,39(5):628-631.
[28]黄继川,彭智平,于俊红,等.施用玉米秸秆堆肥对盆栽芥菜土壤酶活性和微生物的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):348-353.
[29]BACHMAN G R,METZYER J G.Growth of bedding plants in commercial potting substrate amended with vermicompost[J].Bioresoure technology,2008,99(8):3155-3161.
[2]赵洪颜,钱选民.西瓜栽培技术[J].农业与技术,2016,36(15):95-96.
[3]王福友,王冲,刘全清,等.腐植酸、蚯蚓粪及蚯蚓蛋白肥料对滨海盐碱土壤的改良效应[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(5):89-94.
[4]林葆.化肥与无公害农业[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004:141-158.
[5]ARANCON N Q,EDWARDS C A,BIERMAN P,et al.Influences of vermicomposts on field strawberries:1.Effects on growth and yields[J].Bioresource technology,2004,93(2):145-153.
[6]王明友,井大炜,张红,等.蚯蚓粪对豇豆土壤活性有机碳及微生物活性的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(7):1404-1410.
[7]徐魁梧,戴杏庭.蚯蚓人工养殖与利用新技术[M].南京:南京出版社,1998:22-24.
[8]张聪俐,戴军,周波,等.不同比例蚓粪对玉米生长以及土壤肥力特性的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2013,34(2):137-143.
[9]申飞,刘满强,李辉信,等.蚓粪和益生菌互作对土壤性状、菠菜产量和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(5):90-95.
[10]吕振宇,马永良.蚯蚓粪有机肥对土壤肥力与甘蓝生长、品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(12):236-240.
[11]关松荫.土壤酶与土壤肥力[J].土壤通报,1980,1(6):41-44.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:432-437.
[13]杨玖,谷洁.不同锌浓度有机肥对土壤酶活性及微生物数量的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(4):408-412.
[14]陈恩凤.土壤酶与土壤肥力研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1979:54-61.
[15]陈小锦,沈鹏飞,陈博阳,等.不同蚓粪添加量对红壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(11):443-445.
[16]孙家骏,付青霞,谷洁,等.生物有机肥对猕猴桃土壤酶活性和微生物群落的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(3):829-837.
[17]王才斌,郑亚萍,梁晓艳,等.施肥对旱地花生主要土壤肥力指标及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(4):1300-1307.
[18]昝林生,苏厚谊.施用蚯蚓粪对西瓜品质及根际土壤理化性状的影响[J].生物灾害科学,2014(2):119-123.
[19]徐福利,梁银丽,张成娥,等.施肥对日光温室黄瓜生长和土壤生物学特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(7):1227-1230.
[20]王伟,岳政府,刘孝文,等.低温适应型植物根际促生细菌的筛选及促生效应研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2017,40(1):93-100.
[21]朱丽梅,罗凤霞.百合叶片中可溶性蛋白、叶绿素、可溶性糖含量与灰霉病抗性的关系[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(5):134-136.
[22]叶春升,罗奇祥,张福群,等.肥料不同施用方式对水稻早衰的影响[J].江西农业学报,2006,18(4):1-5.
[23]林丽琳,陈晟,施木田,等.镁对‘新天玲’西瓜叶片光合色素、可溶性蛋白含量和硝酸还原酶活性的影响[J].热带农业科学,2015,35(1):26-30.
[24]史雅静,王正彦,李田春,等.有机废弃物对韭兰叶片可溶性蛋白及土壤根际脲酶活性的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2017(3):38-41.
[25]张宁,任亚丽,史庆华,等.蚯蚓粪对西瓜品质和产量的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2011(6):76-79.
[26]王小治,王爱礼,王守红,等.污泥蚓粪对匍匐翦股颖草生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(8):1683-1687.
[27]刘健,薛进军,梁高生,等.蚯蚓粪在小白菜穴盘育苗上应用研究[J].广西农业科学,2008,39(5):628-631.
[28]黄继川,彭智平,于俊红,等.施用玉米秸秆堆肥对盆栽芥菜土壤酶活性和微生物的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):348-353.
[29]BACHMAN G R,METZYER J G.Growth of bedding plants in commercial potting substrate amended with vermicompost[J].Bioresoure technology,2008,99(8):3155-3161.