基施氮肥形态及用量对小麦根际土壤脲酶活性垂直分布的影响
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摘要
试验在山西农业大学生态研究室进行。供试小麦品种为CA0547,试验采用根管土柱法,裂区设计,其中,主处理为氮肥形态:铵态氮(硫酸铵)、硝态氮(NPK复合肥)、酰胺态氮(尿素);副处理为纯氮用量:75,150,225 kg/hm2共3个梯度。以研究氮肥形态及用量对小麦根际土壤脲酶活性垂直分布的影响,探究合适的氮肥形态,为高效节省化肥施用及改良土壤环境提供理论依据。结果表明,3种形态氮肥对脲酶活性的影响差异显著(P<0.05),且酰胺态氮>铵态氮>硝态氮;纯氮用量在0～225 kg/hm2时,随着用量的增加,脲酶活性显著增加(P<0.05);施用不同形态N肥后,20～40 cm土层的脲酶活性显著大于其他土层(P<0.05),并且与未施肥处理相比,施肥处理的各个土层脲酶活性均有增加趋势,试验中,酰胺态氮肥施用量达到225 kg/hm2时,0～100 cm土层脲酶活性在所有处理中最大;拔节期脲酶活性高于成熟期。酰胺态氮是提高0～100 cm土层土壤脲酶活性的最好形态。
The purpose of this study was to study the effects of different kinds of controlled-release fertilizers on the vertical distribution of urease activity in wheat rhizosphere soil, to explore suitable fertilization treatments and to provide a theoretical basis for saving fertilizer use and improving soil environment. The experiment was conducted in the ecological laboratory of Shanxi Agricultural University. The wheat variety tested was CA0547. The experiment applied the method of root pipe within soil and was designed with split zones. The main treatments were three kinds of nitrogen fertilizers(ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, amide nitrogen). The sub-treatments were three rates of nitrogen fertilizers(75, 150, 225 kg/hm2). The results showed that the effect of three nitrogen fertilizers on urease activity was significantly different(amide nitrogen >ammonia nitrogen >nitrate Nitrogen)(P <0.05). When the controlled release fertilizer range was 0-225 kg/hm2, with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application, the urease activity increased significantly(P<0.05).After the various kinds of slow-release fertilizers were applied, the urease activity of 20-40 cm soil layer was significantly higher than other soil layers(P<0.05). Compared with unfertilized treatments, urease activity in all soil layers had an increasing trend under all the fertilization treatments. When the fertilization amount of amide nitrogen fertilizer reached 225 kg/hm2, the soil urease activity of 0-100 cm was the maximum among all the treatments. The soil urease activity of jointing stage was better than that of mature stage. Amide nitrogen is a better form of nitrogen fertilizer than other two nitrogen fertilizers to improve soil urease activity in 0-100 cm soil layers.
The purpose of this study was to study the effects of different kinds of controlled-release fertilizers on the vertical distribution of urease activity in wheat rhizosphere soil, to explore suitable fertilization treatments and to provide a theoretical basis for saving fertilizer use and improving soil environment. The experiment was conducted in the ecological laboratory of Shanxi Agricultural University. The wheat variety tested was CA0547. The experiment applied the method of root pipe within soil and was designed with split zones. The main treatments were three kinds of nitrogen fertilizers(ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, amide nitrogen). The sub-treatments were three rates of nitrogen fertilizers(75, 150, 225 kg/hm2). The results showed that the effect of three nitrogen fertilizers on urease activity was significantly different(amide nitrogen >ammonia nitrogen >nitrate Nitrogen)(P <0.05). When the controlled release fertilizer range was 0-225 kg/hm2, with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application, the urease activity increased significantly(P<0.05).After the various kinds of slow-release fertilizers were applied, the urease activity of 20-40 cm soil layer was significantly higher than other soil layers(P<0.05). Compared with unfertilized treatments, urease activity in all soil layers had an increasing trend under all the fertilization treatments. When the fertilization amount of amide nitrogen fertilizer reached 225 kg/hm2, the soil urease activity of 0-100 cm was the maximum among all the treatments. The soil urease activity of jointing stage was better than that of mature stage. Amide nitrogen is a better form of nitrogen fertilizer than other two nitrogen fertilizers to improve soil urease activity in 0-100 cm soil layers.
引文
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[18]姬兴杰,熊淑萍,李春明,等.不同肥料类型对土壤酶活性与微生物数量时空变化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1):123-127,133.
[19]马娟娟,杨珍平,王凯,等.不同播种方式对冬小麦生育期内土壤酶活性的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(3):335-339.
[2]夏雪,刘善江,陈桂梅,等.土壤酶的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(21):1-7.
[3]闫湘,金继运,何萍,等.提高肥料利用率技术研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):450-459.
[4]张昀,可欣,张广才,等.乙草胺对土壤脲酶动力学特征的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(4):915-921.
[5]刘淑英.不同施肥对西北半干旱区土壤脲酶和土壤氮素的影响及其相关性[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(1):219-223.
[6]严君,韩晓增,王树起,等.不同施氮量下一次与分次施氮对大豆土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(3):150-154.
[7]郭天财,宋晓,马冬云,等.施氮量对冬小麦根际土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(17):110-114.
[8]贾志红,杨珍平,张永清,等.麦田土壤微生物三大种群数量的研究[J].麦类作物学报,2004,24(3):53-56.
[9]杨珍平,郝教敏,卜玉山,等.苜蓿根系生长对黄土母质生土的改良效应[J].草地学报,20(3):489-496.
[10]李桂芳,王义甫,陈源,等.发酵肥与秸秆还田对土壤呼吸、固氮与反硝化作用的影响[J].微生物杂志,1996,16(2):14-18.
[11]马宗斌,熊淑萍,何建国,等.氮素形态对专用小麦中后期根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(4):1544-1551.
[12]严君,韩晓增,王树起,等.不同形态氮素对种植大豆土壤中微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):341-347.
[13]孙克刚,张琨,杨焕焕,等.尿素硝酸铵肥料在冬小麦上增产效果及氮肥利用率研究[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(8):1317-1320.
[14]杨宝平,陈兵林,周治国,等.施氮量对棉田土壤速效养分和酶活性变化特征的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(26):22-26.
[15]付智丹,周丽,陈平,等.施氮量对玉米/大豆套作系统土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(10):1463-1474.
[16]罗来超,吕静霞,魏鑫,等.氮肥形态对小麦不同生育期土壤酶活性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(6):99-102,132-133.
[17]熊淑萍,车芳芳,马新明,等.氮肥形态对冬小麦根际土壤氮素生理群活性及无机氮含量的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(16):5138-5145.
[18]姬兴杰,熊淑萍,李春明,等.不同肥料类型对土壤酶活性与微生物数量时空变化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1):123-127,133.
[19]马娟娟,杨珍平,王凯,等.不同播种方式对冬小麦生育期内土壤酶活性的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(3):335-339.