国内外泡桐木材市场分析与我国发展对策
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摘要
中国速生泡桐木材品质下降明显,由于速生泡桐木材深加工利用关键技术还没有解决,对其产业发展产生了不利影响,导致高端桐木家具市场出现拒用速生泡桐木材的现象。文中介绍了国内外泡桐资源状况,评述了目前主栽泡桐品系的木材密度、应用价值、色度等指标,指出不同类型市场对泡桐树种、材质的要求。研究分析了国内外泡桐木材市场,重点介绍了引领高端桐木家具的日本与中国、欧美等地区市场差异,在产品品质、制造工艺、桐木质量、密度、纹理、色泽等方面的不同要求;测算了不同区域所占市场份额,即国外占比85%、国内需求占比15%。建议加强我国速生泡桐加工利用研究,同时制定可持续发展对策,培育密度大、白度好、纹理美观的优质泡桐,以期解决低质桐木资源与高端市场需求不相适应的矛盾。
The quality of fast-growing Paulownia in China decreases significantly,and due to lack of key technology for using fast-growing Paulownia,which caused negative impact on Paulownia development,there is a trend that fast-growing Paulownia had been refused to use for high grade furniture. This paper studied Paulownia resources at home and abroad,evaluated their wood density,application value and color grade of main species planted,and pointed out the requirements of different market on Paulownia species and quality. The Paulownia market at home and abroad was also studied and analyzed,with the focus on the difference between Japan that leading high grade Paulownia wood furniture manufacture and China,the USA and Europe on the requirements on product quality,process,wood quality,density,texture and color. The paper also calculated their market share in different regions,and the result showed that overseas countries took 85%,and China took 15%. It was suggested that China should strengthen the study of fast-growing Paulownia utilization,and also develop sustainable development strategy to cultivate superior Paulownia with high density,white color and beautiful texture,with the aim to solve the conflicts between low-quality Paulownia resources and upmaket demand.
The quality of fast-growing Paulownia in China decreases significantly,and due to lack of key technology for using fast-growing Paulownia,which caused negative impact on Paulownia development,there is a trend that fast-growing Paulownia had been refused to use for high grade furniture. This paper studied Paulownia resources at home and abroad,evaluated their wood density,application value and color grade of main species planted,and pointed out the requirements of different market on Paulownia species and quality. The Paulownia market at home and abroad was also studied and analyzed,with the focus on the difference between Japan that leading high grade Paulownia wood furniture manufacture and China,the USA and Europe on the requirements on product quality,process,wood quality,density,texture and color. The paper also calculated their market share in different regions,and the result showed that overseas countries took 85%,and China took 15%. It was suggested that China should strengthen the study of fast-growing Paulownia utilization,and also develop sustainable development strategy to cultivate superior Paulownia with high density,white color and beautiful texture,with the aim to solve the conflicts between low-quality Paulownia resources and upmaket demand.
引文
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[2]行淑敏.浅议桐木家具材料的开发利用[J].陕西林业科技,1995(1):57-58,69.
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[4]陈碧华,刘碧华,吴湘娟.泡桐胶合板研究[J].林业科技,2003,28(6):34-36.
[5]常德龙,胡伟华,张云岭,等.泡桐研究与全树利用[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2016:5-172.
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[8]蒋建平.泡桐栽培学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1990:370-410.
[9]李芳东,乔杰,王保平,等.中国泡桐属种质资源图谱[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2007:1-113.
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[14]常德龙,黄文豪,张云岭,等.4种泡桐木材材色的差异性[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(8):102-104.
[15]张云岭,常德龙,崔俊昌,等.不同种源泡桐木材全干密度差异分析[J].西南林业大学学报,2013,33(4):82-84,88.
[16]常德龙,张云岭,胡伟华,等.不同种类泡桐的基本材性[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(8):79-81.
[17]韩黎雪,常德龙,张云岭,等.人工林泡桐木材不同生长部位材色的差异性[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(10):95-99.
[18]黄文豪,常德龙,唐玉红,等.四种泡桐材抗劈力研究[J].国际木业,2014(1):8-11.
[19]常德龙,张云岭,马志刚,等.泡桐材墙壁板两种涂饰工艺效果差异[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(2):116-118.
[20]崔令军,王保平,乔杰.湖北低山丘陵区泡桐无性系材色分析及综合选择[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(12):17-20,59.
[21]韩黎雪.泡桐材色质量控制研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2015.
[22]崔令军.泡桐装饰材优良品系选育技术研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2016.
[23]常德龙.科技工艺品质,三位一体高大上:解析日本泡桐产业发展之道[N/OL].中国绿色时报,2015-11-26(B02).
[24]CUI L J,WANG B P,QIAO J,et al.Wood color analysis and integrated selection of Paulownia clones grown in Hubei Province,China[J].Forestry Studies,2015,62(1):48-57.
[25]DUMAIL J F,CASTRA P,MORLIER P.Hardness and basic density variationin the juvenile wood of maritime pine[J].Annals of Forest Science,1998,55(8):911-923.
[26]GARAB J,KEUNECKE D,HERING S,et al.Measurement of standard and off-axis elastic moduli and poisson’s ratios of spruce and yewwood in the transverse plane[J].Wood Science and Technology,2010,44(3):451-464.
[27]GONALVES R,TRINCA A J,CERRI D G P.Comparison of elastic constantsof wood determined by ultrasonic wave propagation and static compression testing[J].Wood Fiber Science,2011,43(1):64-75.
[28]MACHADO J S,CRUZ H P.Within stem variation of maritime pine timber mechanical properties[J].Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff,2005,63(2):154-159.
[29]TSEHAYE A,BUCHANAN A H,WALKER J C F.Selecting trees for structural timber[J].Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff,2000,58(3):162-167.
[30]WAGNER L,BADER T,AUTY D,et al.Key parameters controlling stiffness variability within trees:a multiscale experimentalnumerical approach[J].Trees,2013,27(1):321-336.
[31]XAVIER J,MONTEIRO P,MORAIS J J L,et al..Moisture content effect on the fracture characterisation of Pinus pinaster under mode I[J].Journal of Materials Science,2014,49:7371-7381.
[32]饭冢三男.日本的泡桐育种[J].河南林业科技,1989(4):49,47.
[2]行淑敏.浅议桐木家具材料的开发利用[J].陕西林业科技,1995(1):57-58,69.
[3]安培钧,段新芳,樊军锋,等.三种泡桐无性系木材材性及纤维形态的研究[J].西北林学院学报,1995,10(1):34-37.
[4]陈碧华,刘碧华,吴湘娟.泡桐胶合板研究[J].林业科技,2003,28(6):34-36.
[5]常德龙,胡伟华,张云岭,等.泡桐研究与全树利用[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2016:5-172.
[6]李江晓.基于木材材质特性的桐木家具设计研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2009.
[7]胡伟华,常德龙,黄文豪,等.泡桐植物源的综合利用研究阐述[J].天然产物研究与开发,2016,28(增刊2):349-354.
[8]蒋建平.泡桐栽培学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1990:370-410.
[9]李芳东,乔杰,王保平,等.中国泡桐属种质资源图谱[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2007:1-113.
[10]茹广欣,何瑞珍,朱秀红,等.泡桐无性系间材性的差异[J].河南农业大学学报,2007,41(5):531-535.
[11]常德龙.人工林木材变色与防治技术研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2005.
[12]段新芳,常德龙,李增超,等.木材颜色调控技术[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2002:77-126.
[13]段新芳,常德龙,孙芳利,等.木材变色防治技术[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2005:292-416.
[14]常德龙,黄文豪,张云岭,等.4种泡桐木材材色的差异性[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(8):102-104.
[15]张云岭,常德龙,崔俊昌,等.不同种源泡桐木材全干密度差异分析[J].西南林业大学学报,2013,33(4):82-84,88.
[16]常德龙,张云岭,胡伟华,等.不同种类泡桐的基本材性[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(8):79-81.
[17]韩黎雪,常德龙,张云岭,等.人工林泡桐木材不同生长部位材色的差异性[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(10):95-99.
[18]黄文豪,常德龙,唐玉红,等.四种泡桐材抗劈力研究[J].国际木业,2014(1):8-11.
[19]常德龙,张云岭,马志刚,等.泡桐材墙壁板两种涂饰工艺效果差异[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(2):116-118.
[20]崔令军,王保平,乔杰.湖北低山丘陵区泡桐无性系材色分析及综合选择[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(12):17-20,59.
[21]韩黎雪.泡桐材色质量控制研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2015.
[22]崔令军.泡桐装饰材优良品系选育技术研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2016.
[23]常德龙.科技工艺品质,三位一体高大上:解析日本泡桐产业发展之道[N/OL].中国绿色时报,2015-11-26(B02).
[24]CUI L J,WANG B P,QIAO J,et al.Wood color analysis and integrated selection of Paulownia clones grown in Hubei Province,China[J].Forestry Studies,2015,62(1):48-57.
[25]DUMAIL J F,CASTRA P,MORLIER P.Hardness and basic density variationin the juvenile wood of maritime pine[J].Annals of Forest Science,1998,55(8):911-923.
[26]GARAB J,KEUNECKE D,HERING S,et al.Measurement of standard and off-axis elastic moduli and poisson’s ratios of spruce and yewwood in the transverse plane[J].Wood Science and Technology,2010,44(3):451-464.
[27]GONALVES R,TRINCA A J,CERRI D G P.Comparison of elastic constantsof wood determined by ultrasonic wave propagation and static compression testing[J].Wood Fiber Science,2011,43(1):64-75.
[28]MACHADO J S,CRUZ H P.Within stem variation of maritime pine timber mechanical properties[J].Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff,2005,63(2):154-159.
[29]TSEHAYE A,BUCHANAN A H,WALKER J C F.Selecting trees for structural timber[J].Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff,2000,58(3):162-167.
[30]WAGNER L,BADER T,AUTY D,et al.Key parameters controlling stiffness variability within trees:a multiscale experimentalnumerical approach[J].Trees,2013,27(1):321-336.
[31]XAVIER J,MONTEIRO P,MORAIS J J L,et al..Moisture content effect on the fracture characterisation of Pinus pinaster under mode I[J].Journal of Materials Science,2014,49:7371-7381.
[32]饭冢三男.日本的泡桐育种[J].河南林业科技,1989(4):49,47.