肾上腺素对岩牡蛎幼虫变态的诱导
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摘要
为了得到壳型规则、大小均一的单体牡蛎,本研究采用肾上腺素对岩牡蛎单体苗种生产的诱导条件进行研究,阐明了岩牡蛎单体苗种的最适诱导浓度、诱导时间和诱导密度。结果显示,肾上腺素能显著诱导岩牡蛎幼虫的不固着变态,最适诱导浓度为5×10–5 mol/L,最适诱导时间为1 h,提高诱导浓度和延长诱导时间导致岩牡蛎幼虫的不固着变态率、稚贝壳高和存活率显著降低;肾上腺素对低于8个/mL幼虫密度的诱导效果差异不显著,但稚贝壳高和存活率在8个/mL的培育密度下显著低于0.5～4个/mL,研究表明利用肾上腺素诱导岩牡蛎单体时,可大批量处理眼点幼虫,但稚贝充气培养的最适培养密度应不高于4个/mL。
The Iwagaki oyster Crassostrea nippona, is a large sessile oyster inhabiting intertidal hard grounds and reefs along the coast of East Asian. Because of its unique flavor, delicious taste and edibility during summer when other oyster species are unavailable, C. nippona is highly valued and has a broad market prospect. To obtain cultchless oyster with a regular shell shape and uniform size, epinephrine(EPI) was applied to C. nippona eye-spot larvae to induce cultchless metamorphosis. To determine optimum levels for C. nippona, the effect of EPI concentration, exposure time to EPI, and larval density were examined. The results demonstrate that EPI can significantly facilitate larval metamorphosis. 0.05 mmol/L and 1 h treatment were the optimum for single oyster seed production, and shell height and survival rates of cultchless spats showed a curve of descending with increasing EPI concentration and exposure time. However, there was no significant difference between EPI treatments at larval densities <8 larvae/mL. The growth of C. nippona was also examined in the following days, which showed that shell height and spat survival rates were higher in 0.5-4 larvae/mL than those in 8 larvae/mL. Therefore, 8 larvae/mL was the optimum for single oyster seed production, while a density of no more than 4 larvae/ml was the best for cultchless spats cultivation.
The Iwagaki oyster Crassostrea nippona, is a large sessile oyster inhabiting intertidal hard grounds and reefs along the coast of East Asian. Because of its unique flavor, delicious taste and edibility during summer when other oyster species are unavailable, C. nippona is highly valued and has a broad market prospect. To obtain cultchless oyster with a regular shell shape and uniform size, epinephrine(EPI) was applied to C. nippona eye-spot larvae to induce cultchless metamorphosis. To determine optimum levels for C. nippona, the effect of EPI concentration, exposure time to EPI, and larval density were examined. The results demonstrate that EPI can significantly facilitate larval metamorphosis. 0.05 mmol/L and 1 h treatment were the optimum for single oyster seed production, and shell height and survival rates of cultchless spats showed a curve of descending with increasing EPI concentration and exposure time. However, there was no significant difference between EPI treatments at larval densities <8 larvae/mL. The growth of C. nippona was also examined in the following days, which showed that shell height and spat survival rates were higher in 0.5-4 larvae/mL than those in 8 larvae/mL. Therefore, 8 larvae/mL was the optimum for single oyster seed production, while a density of no more than 4 larvae/ml was the best for cultchless spats cultivation.
引文
[1]王庆志,李琪,刘世凯,等.长牡蛎成体生长性状的遗传参数估计[J].中国水产科学,2012, 19(4):700-706.Wang Q Z, Li Q, Liu S K, et al. Estimates of genetic parameters for growth-related traits in adult Crassostrea gigas[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2012,19(4):700-706(in Chinese).
[2]杨春,苏秀榕,李太武.牡蛎养殖技术[J].水产科学,2003, 22(5):31-33.Yang C, Su X R, Li T W. The cultural technique of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas[J]. Fisheries Science,2003, 22(5):31-33(in Chinese).
[3]陈亨,方军,滕爽爽,等.单体牡蛎诱导变态的研究[J].海洋科学,2016, 40(1):10-17.Chen H, Fang J, Teng S S, et al. The induction of metamorphosis in cultchless oysters(Crassostrea angulata and Crassostrea gigas)[J]. Marine Sciences, 2016, 40(1):10-17(in Chinese).
[4]王昌勃.熊本牡蛎单体苗种生产和养殖技术的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.Wang C B. Studies on single-seed oyster spat production and culture techniques of Crassostrea Sikamea[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China, 2013(in Chinese).
[5]杨爱国,牛锡端,沈决奋,等.太平洋牡蛎单体苗种生产及养殖技术的研究[J].中国水产科学,1995, 2(3):29-35.Yang A G, Niu X D, Shen J F, et al. Study on cultchless spat and culture techniques of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 1995,2(3):29-35(in Chinese).
[6] Coon S L, Bonar D B, Weiner R M. Induction of settlement and metamorphosis of the Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas(Thunberg), by L-DOPA and catecho lamines[J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 1985, 94(1-3):211-221.
[7] Bonar D B, Coon S L, Walch M, et al. Control of oyster settlement and metamorphosis by endogenous and exogenous chemical cues[J]. Bulletin of Marine Science,1990, 46(2):484-498.
[8] Yu X J, He W H, Gu J D, et al. The effect of chemical cues on settlement of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii(Dunker)larvae[J]. Aquaculture, 2008, 277(1-2):83-91.
[9] Coon S L, Bonar D B, Weiner R M. Chemical production of cultchless oyster spat using epinephrine and norepinephrine[J]. Aquaculture, 1986, 58(3-4):255-262.
[10] Searcy-Bernal R, Salas-Garza A E, Flores-Aguilar R A,et al. Simultaneous comparison of methods for settlement and metamorphosis induction in the red abalone(Haliotis rufescens)[J]. Aquaculture, 1992, 105(3-4):241-250.
[11] Beiras R, Widdows J. Induction of metamorphosis in larvae of the oyster Crassostrea gigas using neuroactive compounds[J]. Marine Biology, 1995, 123(2):327-334.
[12]王昌勃,李琪,孔令锋,等.熊本牡蛎单体苗种生产技术研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2016, 46(11):136-142,186.Wang C B, Li Q, Kong L F, et al. Establishment of single oyster(Crassostrea sikamea)seeds[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China,2016, 46(11):136-142,186(in Chinese).
[13] Itoh N, Tun K L, Komiyama H, et al. An ovarian infection in the Iwagaki oyster, Crassostrea nippona, with the protozoan parasite Marteilioides chungmuensis[J].Journal of Fish Diseases, 2004, 27(5):311-314.
[14] Yoon H S,Jung H T,Choi S D. Suminoe oyster(Crassostrea ariakensis)culture in Korea[J]. Journal of Shellfish Research, 2008, 27(3):505-508.
[15]李文姬.岩牡蛎的生物学及其养殖[J].水产科学,2007,26(12):689-690.Li W J. Biology and cultivation of oyster Crassostrea nippona[J]. Fisheries Science, 2007, 26(12):689-690(in Chinese).
[16] Okumura T, Miura N, Semura H, et al. Seasonal changes in glycogen contents of the Iwagaki oyster, Crassostrea nippona from the coast of Toga Bay, Konoura, Tomari,and Oki Islands in the Sea of Japan[J]. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,2005, 71(3):363-368.
[17] Tanaka M, Hisada T, Fujiwara M. Possibility of natural spat collection of'Iwagaki'oyster Crassostrea nippona in western Wakasa Bay[J]. Bulletin of the Kyoto Institute of Oceanic and Fishery Science, 2010, 32:17-22.
[18] Adachi K, Yokoi T, Inoue K, et al. Karyotype revision in the Iwagaki oyster Crassostrea nippona[J]. Chromosome Science, 2014, 17(1-4):9-10.
[19]王如才,王昭萍.海水贝类养殖学[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2008.Wang R C, Wang Z P. Science of Marine Shellfish Culture[M]. Qingdao:Press of Ocean University of China,2008(in Chinese).
[20]张涛,阙华勇.延迟变态对海洋无脊椎动物生长发育的影响[J].海洋科学,2001, 25(6):28-30.Zhang T, Que H Y. The effects of delayed metamorphosis on growth and development of invertebrates[J]. Marine Sciences, 2001, 25(6):28-30(in Chinese).
[21]王昭萍,王如才,徐从先,等.单体褶牡蛎(Crassostrea sp.)的研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1992,22(2):125-132.Wang Z P, Wang R C, Xu C X, et al. Studies on culthless oyster, Crassostrea sp.[J]. Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao, 1992, 22(2):125-132(in Chinese).
[22] Garcia-Lavandeira M, Silva A, Abad M, et al. Effects of GABA and epinephrine on the settlement and metamorphosis of the larvae of four species of bivalve molluscs[J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2005,316(2):149-156.
[23] Teh C P, Zulfigar Y, Tan S H. Epinephrine and L-DOPA promote larval settlement and metamorphosis of the tropical oyster, Crassostrea iredalei(Faustino, 1932):An oyster hatchery perspective[J]. Aquaculture, 2012,338-341:338-341.
[24] Mesias-Gansbiller C, El Amine Bendimerad M, Roman G, et al. Settlement behavior of black scallop larvae(Chlamys varia, L.)in response to GABA, epinephrine and IBMX[J]. Journal of Shellfish Research, 2008,27(2261)-264.
[25] Wang X B,Bai Y,Huang B. Effects of chemical cues on larval survival, settlement and metamorphosis of abalone Haliotis asinina[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2010, 28(6):1261-1265.
[26] Lu S M, Bao Z M, Liu H F, et al.Effect of epinephrine on the settlement and metamorphosis of Manila clam larvae[J]. Journal of Ocean University of China, 2006, 5(2):141-145.
[27] Le D V, Young T, Alfaro A C, et al. Effect of neuroactive compounds on larval metamorphosis of New Zealand geoduck(Panopea zelandica)[J]. Aquaculture Research, 2017, 48(6):3080-3090.
[28] Doroudi M S, Southgate P C. The effect of chemical cues on settlement behaviour of blacklip pearl oyster(Pinctada margaritifera)larvae[J]. Aquaculture, 2002,209(1-4):117-124.
[29]方建光,匡世焕,孙慧玲,等.化学物质诱导泥蚶幼虫附着变态的研究[J].中国水产科学,1999, 6(3):41-44.Fang J G, Kuang S H, Sun H L, et al. Inducement of settlement and metamorphosis by chemical cues in Tegillarca granosa larvae[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 1999, 6(3):41-44(in Chinese).
[30]吕晓燕.熊本牡蛎人工繁育与长牡蛎单体苗种培育技术研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.Lii X Y. Studies on the techniques of artificial reproduction of the Crassostrea sikamae and cultivation of the cultchless spat of Crassostrea gigas[D]. Qingdao:Ocean University of China, 2013(in Chinese).
[31]刘保忠,张福绥,何义朝.几种神经活性物质对海湾扇贝幼虫变态诱导作用的研究[J].海洋学报,1998,20(5):55-60.Liu B Z, Zhang F S, He Y C. Study on induction of metamorphosis in larvae of bay scallop, Argopecten irradians, by some neuroactive compounds[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 1998, 20(5):55-60(in Chinese).
[32]陈志.波纹巴非蛤幼虫附着变态的诱导及幼贝生长的研究[D].福州:福建师范大学,2013.Chen Z. Studies on settlement and metamorphosis of larvae and the growth of shellfish larvae in Paphia undulate[D]. Fuzhou:Fujian Normal University, 2013(in Chinese).
[33] Gruffydd L D,Beaumont A R. A method for rearing Pecten maximus larvae in the laboratory[J]. Marine Biology, 1972, 15(4):350-355.
[34] Velasco L A, Barros J. Experimental larval culture of theCaribbean scallops Argopecten nucleus and Nodipecten nodosus[J]. Aquaculture Research, 2008, 39(6):603-618.
[35]丘广艳,佘忠明,于瑞海,等.用肾上腺素诱导单体近江牡蛎苗的研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2016(3):100-105.Qiu G Y, She Z M, Yu R H, et al. Studies on culthless oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis induced by epinephrine[J]. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology, 2016(3):100-105(in Chinese).
[36] Baxter G, Morse D E. G protein and diacylglycerol regulate metamorphosis of planktonic molluscan larvae[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1987, 84(7):1867-1870.
[37] Coon S L, Fitt W K, Bonar D B. Competence and delay of metamorphosis in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas[J]. Marine Biology, 1990, 106(3):379-387.
[2]杨春,苏秀榕,李太武.牡蛎养殖技术[J].水产科学,2003, 22(5):31-33.Yang C, Su X R, Li T W. The cultural technique of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas[J]. Fisheries Science,2003, 22(5):31-33(in Chinese).
[3]陈亨,方军,滕爽爽,等.单体牡蛎诱导变态的研究[J].海洋科学,2016, 40(1):10-17.Chen H, Fang J, Teng S S, et al. The induction of metamorphosis in cultchless oysters(Crassostrea angulata and Crassostrea gigas)[J]. Marine Sciences, 2016, 40(1):10-17(in Chinese).
[4]王昌勃.熊本牡蛎单体苗种生产和养殖技术的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.Wang C B. Studies on single-seed oyster spat production and culture techniques of Crassostrea Sikamea[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China, 2013(in Chinese).
[5]杨爱国,牛锡端,沈决奋,等.太平洋牡蛎单体苗种生产及养殖技术的研究[J].中国水产科学,1995, 2(3):29-35.Yang A G, Niu X D, Shen J F, et al. Study on cultchless spat and culture techniques of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 1995,2(3):29-35(in Chinese).
[6] Coon S L, Bonar D B, Weiner R M. Induction of settlement and metamorphosis of the Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas(Thunberg), by L-DOPA and catecho lamines[J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 1985, 94(1-3):211-221.
[7] Bonar D B, Coon S L, Walch M, et al. Control of oyster settlement and metamorphosis by endogenous and exogenous chemical cues[J]. Bulletin of Marine Science,1990, 46(2):484-498.
[8] Yu X J, He W H, Gu J D, et al. The effect of chemical cues on settlement of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii(Dunker)larvae[J]. Aquaculture, 2008, 277(1-2):83-91.
[9] Coon S L, Bonar D B, Weiner R M. Chemical production of cultchless oyster spat using epinephrine and norepinephrine[J]. Aquaculture, 1986, 58(3-4):255-262.
[10] Searcy-Bernal R, Salas-Garza A E, Flores-Aguilar R A,et al. Simultaneous comparison of methods for settlement and metamorphosis induction in the red abalone(Haliotis rufescens)[J]. Aquaculture, 1992, 105(3-4):241-250.
[11] Beiras R, Widdows J. Induction of metamorphosis in larvae of the oyster Crassostrea gigas using neuroactive compounds[J]. Marine Biology, 1995, 123(2):327-334.
[12]王昌勃,李琪,孔令锋,等.熊本牡蛎单体苗种生产技术研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2016, 46(11):136-142,186.Wang C B, Li Q, Kong L F, et al. Establishment of single oyster(Crassostrea sikamea)seeds[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China,2016, 46(11):136-142,186(in Chinese).
[13] Itoh N, Tun K L, Komiyama H, et al. An ovarian infection in the Iwagaki oyster, Crassostrea nippona, with the protozoan parasite Marteilioides chungmuensis[J].Journal of Fish Diseases, 2004, 27(5):311-314.
[14] Yoon H S,Jung H T,Choi S D. Suminoe oyster(Crassostrea ariakensis)culture in Korea[J]. Journal of Shellfish Research, 2008, 27(3):505-508.
[15]李文姬.岩牡蛎的生物学及其养殖[J].水产科学,2007,26(12):689-690.Li W J. Biology and cultivation of oyster Crassostrea nippona[J]. Fisheries Science, 2007, 26(12):689-690(in Chinese).
[16] Okumura T, Miura N, Semura H, et al. Seasonal changes in glycogen contents of the Iwagaki oyster, Crassostrea nippona from the coast of Toga Bay, Konoura, Tomari,and Oki Islands in the Sea of Japan[J]. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,2005, 71(3):363-368.
[17] Tanaka M, Hisada T, Fujiwara M. Possibility of natural spat collection of'Iwagaki'oyster Crassostrea nippona in western Wakasa Bay[J]. Bulletin of the Kyoto Institute of Oceanic and Fishery Science, 2010, 32:17-22.
[18] Adachi K, Yokoi T, Inoue K, et al. Karyotype revision in the Iwagaki oyster Crassostrea nippona[J]. Chromosome Science, 2014, 17(1-4):9-10.
[19]王如才,王昭萍.海水贝类养殖学[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2008.Wang R C, Wang Z P. Science of Marine Shellfish Culture[M]. Qingdao:Press of Ocean University of China,2008(in Chinese).
[20]张涛,阙华勇.延迟变态对海洋无脊椎动物生长发育的影响[J].海洋科学,2001, 25(6):28-30.Zhang T, Que H Y. The effects of delayed metamorphosis on growth and development of invertebrates[J]. Marine Sciences, 2001, 25(6):28-30(in Chinese).
[21]王昭萍,王如才,徐从先,等.单体褶牡蛎(Crassostrea sp.)的研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1992,22(2):125-132.Wang Z P, Wang R C, Xu C X, et al. Studies on culthless oyster, Crassostrea sp.[J]. Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao, 1992, 22(2):125-132(in Chinese).
[22] Garcia-Lavandeira M, Silva A, Abad M, et al. Effects of GABA and epinephrine on the settlement and metamorphosis of the larvae of four species of bivalve molluscs[J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2005,316(2):149-156.
[23] Teh C P, Zulfigar Y, Tan S H. Epinephrine and L-DOPA promote larval settlement and metamorphosis of the tropical oyster, Crassostrea iredalei(Faustino, 1932):An oyster hatchery perspective[J]. Aquaculture, 2012,338-341:338-341.
[24] Mesias-Gansbiller C, El Amine Bendimerad M, Roman G, et al. Settlement behavior of black scallop larvae(Chlamys varia, L.)in response to GABA, epinephrine and IBMX[J]. Journal of Shellfish Research, 2008,27(2261)-264.
[25] Wang X B,Bai Y,Huang B. Effects of chemical cues on larval survival, settlement and metamorphosis of abalone Haliotis asinina[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2010, 28(6):1261-1265.
[26] Lu S M, Bao Z M, Liu H F, et al.Effect of epinephrine on the settlement and metamorphosis of Manila clam larvae[J]. Journal of Ocean University of China, 2006, 5(2):141-145.
[27] Le D V, Young T, Alfaro A C, et al. Effect of neuroactive compounds on larval metamorphosis of New Zealand geoduck(Panopea zelandica)[J]. Aquaculture Research, 2017, 48(6):3080-3090.
[28] Doroudi M S, Southgate P C. The effect of chemical cues on settlement behaviour of blacklip pearl oyster(Pinctada margaritifera)larvae[J]. Aquaculture, 2002,209(1-4):117-124.
[29]方建光,匡世焕,孙慧玲,等.化学物质诱导泥蚶幼虫附着变态的研究[J].中国水产科学,1999, 6(3):41-44.Fang J G, Kuang S H, Sun H L, et al. Inducement of settlement and metamorphosis by chemical cues in Tegillarca granosa larvae[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 1999, 6(3):41-44(in Chinese).
[30]吕晓燕.熊本牡蛎人工繁育与长牡蛎单体苗种培育技术研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.Lii X Y. Studies on the techniques of artificial reproduction of the Crassostrea sikamae and cultivation of the cultchless spat of Crassostrea gigas[D]. Qingdao:Ocean University of China, 2013(in Chinese).
[31]刘保忠,张福绥,何义朝.几种神经活性物质对海湾扇贝幼虫变态诱导作用的研究[J].海洋学报,1998,20(5):55-60.Liu B Z, Zhang F S, He Y C. Study on induction of metamorphosis in larvae of bay scallop, Argopecten irradians, by some neuroactive compounds[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 1998, 20(5):55-60(in Chinese).
[32]陈志.波纹巴非蛤幼虫附着变态的诱导及幼贝生长的研究[D].福州:福建师范大学,2013.Chen Z. Studies on settlement and metamorphosis of larvae and the growth of shellfish larvae in Paphia undulate[D]. Fuzhou:Fujian Normal University, 2013(in Chinese).
[33] Gruffydd L D,Beaumont A R. A method for rearing Pecten maximus larvae in the laboratory[J]. Marine Biology, 1972, 15(4):350-355.
[34] Velasco L A, Barros J. Experimental larval culture of theCaribbean scallops Argopecten nucleus and Nodipecten nodosus[J]. Aquaculture Research, 2008, 39(6):603-618.
[35]丘广艳,佘忠明,于瑞海,等.用肾上腺素诱导单体近江牡蛎苗的研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2016(3):100-105.Qiu G Y, She Z M, Yu R H, et al. Studies on culthless oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis induced by epinephrine[J]. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology, 2016(3):100-105(in Chinese).
[36] Baxter G, Morse D E. G protein and diacylglycerol regulate metamorphosis of planktonic molluscan larvae[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1987, 84(7):1867-1870.
[37] Coon S L, Fitt W K, Bonar D B. Competence and delay of metamorphosis in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas[J]. Marine Biology, 1990, 106(3):379-387.