不同类型外加碳源对制药污泥堆肥过程中青霉素降解的影响
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摘要
以制药污泥为研究对象,采用葡萄糖、蔗糖、玉米秸秆粉及其混合物作为外加碳源,研究不同类型的外加碳源对堆肥系统一次发酵周期内温度、有机质等理化参数变化及青霉素的降解情况的影响.结果表明,堆体中有机质含量与外加碳源的量呈正比,堆体中有机质的质量分数随堆肥时间不断下降且趋于稳定.温度是青霉素降解的主要影响因素.外加碳源增加了堆体溶解性有机质质量分数,生物可利用碳源的增加促进了堆肥过程中微生物的转化作用,并有助于提高堆肥过程温度.在堆肥周期内外加碳源可以提高青霉素的降解速率(15 d内对照组青霉素降解率为94.44%,其他组均大于95%),且外加蔗糖与玉米秸秆粉的混合碳源处理组青霉素降解速率最快(15 d内降解率可达到99.08%).堆肥过程中升温阶段(中温阶段和高温阶段)青霉素含量与温度呈负相关(P<0.01),与溶解性有机碳呈正相关(P<0.01).15 d内所有处理组青霉素降解率均可以达到90%以上.
In order to investigate the changes of physico-chemical parameters such as temperature,organic matter and the degradation of penicillin during the first fermentation cycle of the composting system with different types of additional impact from carbon sources,different additional carbon sources( glucose,sucrose and stalk powder) were added during pharmaceutical sludge composting stage. Results in this study indicated that the contfent of organic matter( OM) in the mixed material was directly proportional to carbon sources,which also decreased with compost time and became steady at the later stage of the process. Our result also indicated that thermal degradation mightcontribute to the degradation of penicillin during sludge composting. The dissolved organic carbon( DOC) and microbial utilization of carbon increased with the rates of carbon source addition,which is due to the increase of microbial transformation and therefore the increase of the compost temperature. Adding carbon sources facilitated the degradation rate of penicillin( the control group94.44% in 15 days and more than 95% in the other groups),and these rate was the highest in the mixture of sucrose and cornstalk powder( within 15 days the degradation rate can reach 99. 08%).Penicillin content was negatively correlated with temperature( P<0.01) and dissolved organic carbon( P<0.01) during the warming phase( middle temperature stage and high temperature stage) in composting process. The degradation rate of penicillin reached more than 90% within 15 days in all treatments.
In order to investigate the changes of physico-chemical parameters such as temperature,organic matter and the degradation of penicillin during the first fermentation cycle of the composting system with different types of additional impact from carbon sources,different additional carbon sources( glucose,sucrose and stalk powder) were added during pharmaceutical sludge composting stage. Results in this study indicated that the contfent of organic matter( OM) in the mixed material was directly proportional to carbon sources,which also decreased with compost time and became steady at the later stage of the process. Our result also indicated that thermal degradation mightcontribute to the degradation of penicillin during sludge composting. The dissolved organic carbon( DOC) and microbial utilization of carbon increased with the rates of carbon source addition,which is due to the increase of microbial transformation and therefore the increase of the compost temperature. Adding carbon sources facilitated the degradation rate of penicillin( the control group94.44% in 15 days and more than 95% in the other groups),and these rate was the highest in the mixture of sucrose and cornstalk powder( within 15 days the degradation rate can reach 99. 08%).Penicillin content was negatively correlated with temperature( P<0.01) and dissolved organic carbon( P<0.01) during the warming phase( middle temperature stage and high temperature stage) in composting process. The degradation rate of penicillin reached more than 90% within 15 days in all treatments.
引文
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[12]KAKIMOTO T,FUNANIZU N.Factors affecting the degradation of amoxicillin in composting toilet[J].Chemosphere,2007,66(11):2219-2224.
[13]KAKIMOTO T,OSAWA T,FUNAMIZU N.Antibiotic effect of amoxicillin on the feces composting process and reactivation of bacteria by intermittent feeding of feces[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98:3555-3560.
[14]SCHLSENER M P,BESTER K.Persistence of antibiotics such as macrolides,tiamulin and salinomycin in soil[J].Environmental Pollution,2006,143(3):565-571.
[15]KIM K R,OWENS G,OK Y S,et al.Decline in extractable antibiotics in manure-based composts during composting[J].Waste Management,2012,32:110-116.
[16]ARIKAN O A,MULBRY W,RICEC.Management of antibiotic residues from agricultural sources use of composting to reduce chlortetracycline residues in beef manure from treated animals[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,164:483-489.
[17]WU X F,WEI Y S,ZHENG J X,et al.The behavior of tetracyclines and their degradation products during swine manure composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102:5924-5931.
[18]RAMASWAMY J,PRASHER S O,PATEL R M,et al.The effect of composting on the degradation of a veterinary pharmaceutical[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101:2294-2299.
[19]RICHARD T L,HAMELERS H V M,VEEKEN A,et al.Moisture relationships in composting processes[J].Compost Science&Utilization,2002,10(4):387-396.
[20]马闯,高定,陈同斌,等.新型调理剂CTB-2污泥堆肥的氧气时空变化特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(5)∶929-932.MA C,GAO D,CHEN T B,et al.Temporal-spatial distribution of oxygen during sewage sludge CTB-2 amendment composting[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2012,21(5):929-932(in Chinese).
[21]LASHERMES G,BARRIOUSO E,LE V P M,et al.Composting in small laboratory pilots:performance and reproducibility[J].Waste Manage,2012,32(2):271-277.
[22]中华人民共和国卫生部.1987.GB7959—87,粪便无害化卫生标准[S].北京∶中国标准出版社.Ministry of Health.1987.GB7959—87,Sanitary standard for the nonhazardous treatment of night soil[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China(in Chinese).
[23]李云蓓,李伟光.不同类型的外加碳源对污泥堆肥过程氮素损失的影响[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2014,36(2)∶104-109.LI Y B,LI W G.Influence of carbon-rich amendments on nitrogen losses during sewage sludge composting[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural&Environmental Engineering,2014,36(2):104-109(in Chinese).
[24]蒋建国,杨勇,贾莹,等.调理剂和通风方式对污泥生物干化效果的影响[J].环境工程学报,2010,5(4)∶1167-1170.JIANG J G,YANG Y,JIA Y,et al.Effect of amendments and air-flow on biodrying of dehydrated sewage sludge[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2010,4(5):1168-1170(in Chinese).
[25]余芳,张奎,颜二茧,等.太阳能在污泥高效堆肥中的应用研究[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(17)∶70-73.YU F,ZHANG K,YAN E J,et al.Application of solar energy to effective sludge composting[J].China Water&Wastewater,2013,29(17):70-73(in Chinese).
[26]赵娟.青霉素菌渣堆肥工艺及青霉素抗性基因的分布影响研究[D].南京∶东南大学,2016.ZHAO J.Study of maturity assessment and influence of distribution of penicillin resistance geges(PRGS)during the thermophilic composting of penicillin bacteria residue[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2016(in Chinese).
[27]BERNAL M P,PAREDE C,SANCHEZ-MONEDERO,et al.Maturity and stability parameters of composts prepared with a wide of organic wastes[J].Bioresource Technology,1998,99:4972-4979.
[28]SAID-PULLICINO D,FLORA G E,GIOVANNI G.Changes in the chemical characteristics of water-extractable organic matter during composting and their influence on compost stability and maturity[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98:1822-1831.
[29]马迪,赵兰坡.禽畜粪便堆肥化过程中碳氮比的变化研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(14)∶193-197.MA D,ZHAO L P.A research of carbon-nitrogen ratio variation during animal manure composting[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(14):193-197(in Chinese).
[30]康军.杨凌城市污泥高效好氧堆肥研究[D].杨凌∶西北农林科技大学,2012.KANG J.High-efficiency aerobic composting of municipal sewage sludge in Yangling[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture&Forestry University,2012(in Chinese).
[31]HELLER D N,PEGGINS J O,NOCHETTO C B,et al.LC/MS/MS measurement of gentamicin in bovine plasma,urine,milk and biopsy samples taken from kidneys of standing animals[J].Journal of Chromatography B Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical&Life Sciences,2006,830(1):91-99.
[32]刘伟,王慧,陈小军,等.抗生素在环境中降解的研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2009,30(3)∶89-94.LIU W,WANG H,CHEN X J,et al.Progress on degradation of antibiotics in environment[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine,2009,30(3):89-94(in Chinese).
[33]韦蓓,黄福义,苏建强.堆肥对污泥中四环素类抗生素及抗性基因的影响[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(12)∶5431-5438.WEI B,HUANG F Y,SU J Q.Effect of composting on tetracyclines and tetracycline resistance genes in sewage sludge[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(12):5431-5438(in Chinese).
[34]王兴戬,陈建辉,呼冬雪,等.外加碳源对共代谢降解β-内酰胺类抗生素的影响[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(15)∶75-77.WANG X J,CHEN J H,HU D X,et al.Effect of Supplemental external carbon source on aerobic co-metabolism ofβ-lactam antibiotics[J].China Water&Wastewater,2017,33(15):75-77(in Chinese).
[2]NG K K,SHI X Q,NG H Y.Evaluation of system performance and microbial communities of a bioaugmented anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating pharmaceutical wastewater[J].Water Research,2015,81:311-324.
[3]PRIYA V S,PHILIP L.Treatment of volatile organic compounds in pharmaceutical wastewater using submerged aerated biological filter[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,266:309-319.
[4]王山,刘仁平,赵良侠.制药污泥的热解特性及动力学研究[J].热能动力工程,2016,31(10)∶90-95.WANG S,LIU R P,ZHAO L X.Study on pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of pharmacy sludge[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2016,31(10):90-95(in Chinese).
[5]QIAO M,YING G G,SINGER A C,et al.Review of antibiotic resistance in China and its environment[J].Environment International,2018,110:160-172.
[6]高立红,史亚丽,厉文辉,等.抗生素环境行为及其环境效应研究进展[J].环境化学,2013,32(9)∶1619-1633.GAO L H,SHI Y H,LI W H,et al.Environmental behavior and impacts of antibiotics[J].Environmental Chemistry,2013,32(9):1619-1633(in Chinese).
[7]王冲,罗义,毛大庆.土壤环境中抗生素的来源、转归、生态风险以及消减对策[J].环境化学,2014,33(1)∶19-29.WANG C,LUO Y,MAO D Q.Sources,fate,ecological risks and mitigation strategies of antibiotics in the soil environment[J].Environmental Chemistry,2013,32(9):19-29(in Chinese).
[8]陈希.青霉素菌渣与城市污泥混合堆肥处理工艺研究[D].哈尔滨∶哈尔滨工业大学,2013.CHEN X.Process studies on co-composting treatment for pencillin fermentation dregs and municipal sewage sludge[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology(in Chinese).
[9]温沁雪,陈希,张诗华,等.城市污泥混合青霉素菌渣堆肥实验[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2014,46(4)∶43-49.WEN Q X,CHEN X,ZHANG S H,et al.Experimental study on co-composting of municipal sewage sludge and penicillin fermentation dregs[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2014,46(4):43-49(in Chinese).
[10]张红娟,郭夏丽,王岩.林可霉素菌渣与牛粪联合堆肥实验研究[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(1)∶231-234.ZHANG H J,GUO X L,WANG Y.Study on composting of lincomycin fermentation dregs and cattle manure[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2011,5(1):231-234(in Chinese).
[11]DOLLIVER H,GUPTA S,NOLL S.Antibiotic degradation during manure composting[J].Journal of Environmental Quality-Abstract,2007,27(3):1245-1253.
[12]KAKIMOTO T,FUNANIZU N.Factors affecting the degradation of amoxicillin in composting toilet[J].Chemosphere,2007,66(11):2219-2224.
[13]KAKIMOTO T,OSAWA T,FUNAMIZU N.Antibiotic effect of amoxicillin on the feces composting process and reactivation of bacteria by intermittent feeding of feces[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98:3555-3560.
[14]SCHLSENER M P,BESTER K.Persistence of antibiotics such as macrolides,tiamulin and salinomycin in soil[J].Environmental Pollution,2006,143(3):565-571.
[15]KIM K R,OWENS G,OK Y S,et al.Decline in extractable antibiotics in manure-based composts during composting[J].Waste Management,2012,32:110-116.
[16]ARIKAN O A,MULBRY W,RICEC.Management of antibiotic residues from agricultural sources use of composting to reduce chlortetracycline residues in beef manure from treated animals[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,164:483-489.
[17]WU X F,WEI Y S,ZHENG J X,et al.The behavior of tetracyclines and their degradation products during swine manure composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102:5924-5931.
[18]RAMASWAMY J,PRASHER S O,PATEL R M,et al.The effect of composting on the degradation of a veterinary pharmaceutical[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101:2294-2299.
[19]RICHARD T L,HAMELERS H V M,VEEKEN A,et al.Moisture relationships in composting processes[J].Compost Science&Utilization,2002,10(4):387-396.
[20]马闯,高定,陈同斌,等.新型调理剂CTB-2污泥堆肥的氧气时空变化特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(5)∶929-932.MA C,GAO D,CHEN T B,et al.Temporal-spatial distribution of oxygen during sewage sludge CTB-2 amendment composting[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2012,21(5):929-932(in Chinese).
[21]LASHERMES G,BARRIOUSO E,LE V P M,et al.Composting in small laboratory pilots:performance and reproducibility[J].Waste Manage,2012,32(2):271-277.
[22]中华人民共和国卫生部.1987.GB7959—87,粪便无害化卫生标准[S].北京∶中国标准出版社.Ministry of Health.1987.GB7959—87,Sanitary standard for the nonhazardous treatment of night soil[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China(in Chinese).
[23]李云蓓,李伟光.不同类型的外加碳源对污泥堆肥过程氮素损失的影响[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2014,36(2)∶104-109.LI Y B,LI W G.Influence of carbon-rich amendments on nitrogen losses during sewage sludge composting[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural&Environmental Engineering,2014,36(2):104-109(in Chinese).
[24]蒋建国,杨勇,贾莹,等.调理剂和通风方式对污泥生物干化效果的影响[J].环境工程学报,2010,5(4)∶1167-1170.JIANG J G,YANG Y,JIA Y,et al.Effect of amendments and air-flow on biodrying of dehydrated sewage sludge[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2010,4(5):1168-1170(in Chinese).
[25]余芳,张奎,颜二茧,等.太阳能在污泥高效堆肥中的应用研究[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(17)∶70-73.YU F,ZHANG K,YAN E J,et al.Application of solar energy to effective sludge composting[J].China Water&Wastewater,2013,29(17):70-73(in Chinese).
[26]赵娟.青霉素菌渣堆肥工艺及青霉素抗性基因的分布影响研究[D].南京∶东南大学,2016.ZHAO J.Study of maturity assessment and influence of distribution of penicillin resistance geges(PRGS)during the thermophilic composting of penicillin bacteria residue[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2016(in Chinese).
[27]BERNAL M P,PAREDE C,SANCHEZ-MONEDERO,et al.Maturity and stability parameters of composts prepared with a wide of organic wastes[J].Bioresource Technology,1998,99:4972-4979.
[28]SAID-PULLICINO D,FLORA G E,GIOVANNI G.Changes in the chemical characteristics of water-extractable organic matter during composting and their influence on compost stability and maturity[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98:1822-1831.
[29]马迪,赵兰坡.禽畜粪便堆肥化过程中碳氮比的变化研究[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(14)∶193-197.MA D,ZHAO L P.A research of carbon-nitrogen ratio variation during animal manure composting[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(14):193-197(in Chinese).
[30]康军.杨凌城市污泥高效好氧堆肥研究[D].杨凌∶西北农林科技大学,2012.KANG J.High-efficiency aerobic composting of municipal sewage sludge in Yangling[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture&Forestry University,2012(in Chinese).
[31]HELLER D N,PEGGINS J O,NOCHETTO C B,et al.LC/MS/MS measurement of gentamicin in bovine plasma,urine,milk and biopsy samples taken from kidneys of standing animals[J].Journal of Chromatography B Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical&Life Sciences,2006,830(1):91-99.
[32]刘伟,王慧,陈小军,等.抗生素在环境中降解的研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2009,30(3)∶89-94.LIU W,WANG H,CHEN X J,et al.Progress on degradation of antibiotics in environment[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine,2009,30(3):89-94(in Chinese).
[33]韦蓓,黄福义,苏建强.堆肥对污泥中四环素类抗生素及抗性基因的影响[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(12)∶5431-5438.WEI B,HUANG F Y,SU J Q.Effect of composting on tetracyclines and tetracycline resistance genes in sewage sludge[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(12):5431-5438(in Chinese).
[34]王兴戬,陈建辉,呼冬雪,等.外加碳源对共代谢降解β-内酰胺类抗生素的影响[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(15)∶75-77.WANG X J,CHEN J H,HU D X,et al.Effect of Supplemental external carbon source on aerobic co-metabolism ofβ-lactam antibiotics[J].China Water&Wastewater,2017,33(15):75-77(in Chinese).