金属矿开采节理演化诱发覆岩变形失稳机制研究
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摘要
金属矿开采诱发覆岩变形是一个复杂的力学问题,在工程活动的扰动下,采空区围岩的原始应力状态将被打破,引起覆岩的应力重分布,从而达到新的应力平衡状态。当覆岩中存在一些软弱结构面时,这些软弱结构面将不断地发展、演化,并可能出现贯通,其对覆岩的变形和破坏具有明显的影响。针对节理条件这一变量,采用Udec二维离散元模型,分析了双岩桥模型和四岩桥模型中各岩桥破裂特征及机制,并对比了两组模型中顶板应力释放规律及特点。采用3组对比模型实验,分析了0°/90°,45°/45°,20°/70°节理条件下岩移特点及变形机制。基于数值模型,对镜儿泉矿区实际节理条件下的地表变形特征和沉陷范围进行了研究,模型结果与地表变形GPS监测结果具有很好的一致性。
The overlying rock mass deformation induced by mining is complex mechanical issue in metal mine because of its complicated conditions. Mining operations could change original stresses distribution of surrounding rock,that lead to stresses redistribution of overlying rock then reach a new balance. Structural planes have some influence on overlying rock deformation and failure when they developed and connected. for this situation,we built a 2-dimension discrete element method model utilized in Udec,and analyzed break characteristics and mechanisms of 2-rock-bridge and 4-rock-bridge. We also conducted some comparative studies of stress relief regulation in roof rock. We chose three experimental groups,which joint conditions are 0°/90°,45°/45°,20°/70° respectively,to analyze deformation mechanism of rock mass movement. by numerical simulation experiment,we demonstrated the ground movement characteristic and subsidence region. the experimental results have consistency with monitoring data of surface subsidence by GPS.
The overlying rock mass deformation induced by mining is complex mechanical issue in metal mine because of its complicated conditions. Mining operations could change original stresses distribution of surrounding rock,that lead to stresses redistribution of overlying rock then reach a new balance. Structural planes have some influence on overlying rock deformation and failure when they developed and connected. for this situation,we built a 2-dimension discrete element method model utilized in Udec,and analyzed break characteristics and mechanisms of 2-rock-bridge and 4-rock-bridge. We also conducted some comparative studies of stress relief regulation in roof rock. We chose three experimental groups,which joint conditions are 0°/90°,45°/45°,20°/70° respectively,to analyze deformation mechanism of rock mass movement. by numerical simulation experiment,we demonstrated the ground movement characteristic and subsidence region. the experimental results have consistency with monitoring data of surface subsidence by GPS.
引文
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Cheng Q G,Zhang Z Y,Cui P.2004.Dynamical mechanism and stability criterion of landslide under lockup of soil arching[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,23(7):2855-2864.
Ciccotti M.2000.A realistic finite-element model for the double torsion loading configuration[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,83(11):2737-2744.
Ding K,Ma F S,Zhao H J,et al.2016.Analysis on the surface deformation in Jinerquan Mine[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,24(Suppl.):392-399.
Gao F,Zhong W P,Li L Y,et al.2004.Fractal and statistical analysis of strength of jointed rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,23(21):3608-3612.
Gehle C,Kutter H K.2003.Breakage and shear behaviour of intermittent rock joints[J].Internationl Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,40(5):687-700.
Horri H,Nemat-Nasser S.1985.Compression-induced microcrack growth in brittle solids:axial splitting and shear failure[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,90(B4):3105-3125.
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Kulatilake P,Malma B,Wang J L.2001.Physical and particle flow modeling of jointed rock block behavior under uniaxial loading[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,38(5):641-657.
Lajtai E Z.1969.Strength of discontinuous rocks in direct shear[J].Géotechnique,19(2):218-233.
Li L Y,Xu F G,Gao F,et al.2005.Fracture mechanics analysis of rock bridge failure mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,24(23):4328-4334.
Liu Y M,Xia C C.2006.Study on models and strength behavior of rock mass containing discontinuous joints in direct shear[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,28(10):1242-1247.
Nemat-Nasser S,Horri H.1982.Compression-induced non-planar crack extension with application to splitting,exfoliation,and rock-burst[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,87(B8):6805-6821.
Park J W,Song J J.2009.Numerical simulation of a direct shear test on a rock joint using a bonded-particle model[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,46(8):1315-1328.
Prudencio M,Van Sint Jan M.2007.Strength and failure modes of rock models with non-persistent joints[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,44(6):890-902.
Qin S Q,Wang Y Y,Ma P.2010.Exponential laws of critical displacement evolution for landslides and avalanches[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,29(5):873-880.
Segall P,Pollard D D.1980.Mechanics of discontinuous faults[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,85(A8):4337-4350.
Zhang Q Y,Xiang W,Zhu W S.1999.Constitutive model for energy damage of jointed rockmass and its engineering application[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,7(4):310-314.
Zhang Z Y,Wang S T,Wang L S.1981.Analysis Principle of Engineering Geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Zhu W S,Chen W Z,Shen J.1998.Simulation experiment and fracture mechanism study on propagation of echelon pattern cracks[J].Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,19(4):355-360.
程谦恭,张倬元,崔鹏.2004.平卧“支撑拱”锁固滑坡动力力学机制与稳定性判据[J].岩石力学与工程学报,23(17):2855-2864.
丁阔,马凤山,赵海军,等.2016.镜儿泉矿区地下开采引起地表变形规律的研究[J].工程地质学报,24(S):392-399.
高峰,钟卫平,黎立云,等.2004.节理岩体强度的分形统计分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,23(21):3608-3612.
黎立云,许凤光,高峰,等.2005.岩桥贯通机理的断裂力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,24(23):4328-4334.
刘远明,夏才初.2006.非贯通节理岩体直剪贯通模型和强度研究[J].岩土工程学报,28(10):1242-1247.
秦四清,王媛媛,马平.2010.崩滑灾害临界位移演化的指数律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,29(5):873-880.
张强勇,向文,朱维申.1999.节理岩体能量损伤本构模型与工程应用[J].工程地质学报,7(4):310-314.
张倬元,王士天,王兰生.1981.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社.
朱维申,陈卫忠,申晋.1998.雁形裂纹扩展的模型试验及断裂力学机制研究[J].固体力学学报,19(4):355-360.
Cheng Q G,Zhang Z Y,Cui P.2004.Dynamical mechanism and stability criterion of landslide under lockup of soil arching[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,23(7):2855-2864.
Ciccotti M.2000.A realistic finite-element model for the double torsion loading configuration[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,83(11):2737-2744.
Ding K,Ma F S,Zhao H J,et al.2016.Analysis on the surface deformation in Jinerquan Mine[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,24(Suppl.):392-399.
Gao F,Zhong W P,Li L Y,et al.2004.Fractal and statistical analysis of strength of jointed rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,23(21):3608-3612.
Gehle C,Kutter H K.2003.Breakage and shear behaviour of intermittent rock joints[J].Internationl Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,40(5):687-700.
Horri H,Nemat-Nasser S.1985.Compression-induced microcrack growth in brittle solids:axial splitting and shear failure[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,90(B4):3105-3125.
Kranz R L.1979.Crack-crack and crack-pore interaction in stressed granite[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,16(1):37-47.
Kulatilake P,Malma B,Wang J L.2001.Physical and particle flow modeling of jointed rock block behavior under uniaxial loading[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,38(5):641-657.
Lajtai E Z.1969.Strength of discontinuous rocks in direct shear[J].Géotechnique,19(2):218-233.
Li L Y,Xu F G,Gao F,et al.2005.Fracture mechanics analysis of rock bridge failure mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,24(23):4328-4334.
Liu Y M,Xia C C.2006.Study on models and strength behavior of rock mass containing discontinuous joints in direct shear[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,28(10):1242-1247.
Nemat-Nasser S,Horri H.1982.Compression-induced non-planar crack extension with application to splitting,exfoliation,and rock-burst[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,87(B8):6805-6821.
Park J W,Song J J.2009.Numerical simulation of a direct shear test on a rock joint using a bonded-particle model[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,46(8):1315-1328.
Prudencio M,Van Sint Jan M.2007.Strength and failure modes of rock models with non-persistent joints[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,44(6):890-902.
Qin S Q,Wang Y Y,Ma P.2010.Exponential laws of critical displacement evolution for landslides and avalanches[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,29(5):873-880.
Segall P,Pollard D D.1980.Mechanics of discontinuous faults[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,85(A8):4337-4350.
Zhang Q Y,Xiang W,Zhu W S.1999.Constitutive model for energy damage of jointed rockmass and its engineering application[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,7(4):310-314.
Zhang Z Y,Wang S T,Wang L S.1981.Analysis Principle of Engineering Geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Zhu W S,Chen W Z,Shen J.1998.Simulation experiment and fracture mechanism study on propagation of echelon pattern cracks[J].Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,19(4):355-360.
程谦恭,张倬元,崔鹏.2004.平卧“支撑拱”锁固滑坡动力力学机制与稳定性判据[J].岩石力学与工程学报,23(17):2855-2864.
丁阔,马凤山,赵海军,等.2016.镜儿泉矿区地下开采引起地表变形规律的研究[J].工程地质学报,24(S):392-399.
高峰,钟卫平,黎立云,等.2004.节理岩体强度的分形统计分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,23(21):3608-3612.
黎立云,许凤光,高峰,等.2005.岩桥贯通机理的断裂力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,24(23):4328-4334.
刘远明,夏才初.2006.非贯通节理岩体直剪贯通模型和强度研究[J].岩土工程学报,28(10):1242-1247.
秦四清,王媛媛,马平.2010.崩滑灾害临界位移演化的指数律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,29(5):873-880.
张强勇,向文,朱维申.1999.节理岩体能量损伤本构模型与工程应用[J].工程地质学报,7(4):310-314.
张倬元,王士天,王兰生.1981.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社.
朱维申,陈卫忠,申晋.1998.雁形裂纹扩展的模型试验及断裂力学机制研究[J].固体力学学报,19(4):355-360.