云南苍山芽胞杆菌多样性研究
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摘要
【目的】了解芽胞杆菌资源多样性,为芽胞杆菌功能资源挖掘和菌剂开发奠定基础。【方法】从云南苍山采集土壤10份,涂布法分离芽胞杆菌,采用16S rRNA基因同源性进行鉴定。【结果】分离获得了75株芽胞杆菌,5个属、19个种,分别属于芽胞杆菌属Bacillus的14个种、类芽胞杆菌属Paenibacillus的2个种、赖氨酸芽胞杆菌属Lysinibacillus的1个种、嗜冷芽胞杆菌属Psychrobacillus的1个种和短芽胞杆菌属Brevibacillus的1个种。根据分离频度分析得知,云南苍山土壤中的芽胞杆菌优势菌群为韦氏芽胞杆菌B.weihenstephanensis、图瓦永芽胞杆菌B.toyonensis、假蕈状芽胞杆菌B.pseudomycoides和解木糖赖氨酸芽胞杆菌Lysinibacillusxylanilyticus,其他种类分布极其不均匀。苍山路边土壤中的芽胞杆菌的Margalef、Simpson、Shannon、Pielou、Brillouin和Macintosh指数较高,可能与其不受植物影响相关。韦氏芽胞杆菌、图瓦永芽胞杆菌和解木糖赖氨酸芽胞杆菌等3个种在3个生境的土壤中均有分离到,Margalef、Simpson、Shannon、Pielou、Brillouin和Macintosh指数较高,与生境相关性小。根据数量和分离频度对芽胞杆菌种类进行聚类,19个种的芽胞杆菌种类可分为4类。【结论】苍山土壤中蕴藏着丰富芽胞杆菌种类和数量,多样性高,具有很大的开发潜力。
【Objective】To search for new resources as well as information gathering, a survey on the distribution and diversity and a sample collection of Bacillus-like species was conducted in Cangshan, Yunnan. 【Method】 Bacillus-like bacteria were isolated from the soil samples and preliminarily identified based on their 16 S rRNA gene sequences. 【Result】 A total of 75 isolates were obtained from 10 soil samples and identified as 19 species belonging to 5 genera within family Bacillaceae. They included 14 Bacillus species, two Paenibacillus species, one Lysinibacillus species, one Psychrobacillus species and one Brevibacillus species. According to an isolation frequency analysis, the dominant bacteria in the region were B. weihenstephanensis,B. toyonensis,B. pseudomycoides and L. xylanilyticus. The remainders were extremely unevenly distributed among the samples. The high Margalef, Simpson, Shannon, Pielou's, Brillouin and Macintosh indices found in the Bacillus from the roadside soils might indicate that the effect by the plants was not significant. B. weihenstephanensis,B. toyonensis and L. xylanilyticus were isolated from all three sites and had high Margalef, Simpson, Shannon, Pielou, Brillouin and Macintosh indices, but no significant correlation with the sites. Based on the average quantification and frequency cluster analysis, these 19 Bacillus-like species could be divided into 4 groups. 【Conclusion】Cangshan area appeared to have Bacillus-like bacteria in large number with great diversity for further exploitation.
【Objective】To search for new resources as well as information gathering, a survey on the distribution and diversity and a sample collection of Bacillus-like species was conducted in Cangshan, Yunnan. 【Method】 Bacillus-like bacteria were isolated from the soil samples and preliminarily identified based on their 16 S rRNA gene sequences. 【Result】 A total of 75 isolates were obtained from 10 soil samples and identified as 19 species belonging to 5 genera within family Bacillaceae. They included 14 Bacillus species, two Paenibacillus species, one Lysinibacillus species, one Psychrobacillus species and one Brevibacillus species. According to an isolation frequency analysis, the dominant bacteria in the region were B. weihenstephanensis,B. toyonensis,B. pseudomycoides and L. xylanilyticus. The remainders were extremely unevenly distributed among the samples. The high Margalef, Simpson, Shannon, Pielou's, Brillouin and Macintosh indices found in the Bacillus from the roadside soils might indicate that the effect by the plants was not significant. B. weihenstephanensis,B. toyonensis and L. xylanilyticus were isolated from all three sites and had high Margalef, Simpson, Shannon, Pielou, Brillouin and Macintosh indices, but no significant correlation with the sites. Based on the average quantification and frequency cluster analysis, these 19 Bacillus-like species could be divided into 4 groups. 【Conclusion】Cangshan area appeared to have Bacillus-like bacteria in large number with great diversity for further exploitation.
引文
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[2]刘波, 陶天申, 王阶平, 等.芽胞杆菌(第二卷): 芽胞杆菌分类学 [M].北京: 科学出版社, 2016.LIU B, TAO T S, WANG J P, et al.Bacillus: Taxonomy of Bacillus[M].Beijing, Science Press, 2016.(in Chinese)
[3]JAYARAJ J, YI H, LIANG G H, et al.Foliar application of Bacillus subtilis AUBS1 reduces sheath blight and triggers defense mechanisms in rice [J].Zeitschrift Für Pflanzenkrankheiten Und Pflanzenschutz, 2004, 111(2): 115-125.
[4]苏艳莉, 孙盛明, 朱健, 等.枯草芽孢杆菌在水产养殖中的研究进展 [J].中国渔业质量与标准, 2016, 6(6): 32-39.SU Y L, SUN S M, ZHU J, et al.Advances of Bacillussubtilis application in aquaculture[J].Chinese Fishery Quality & Standards, 2016, 6(6): 32-39.(in Chinese)
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[6]RAHMANI N, ROBBANI N U J, SUPARTO I H, et al.Optimization of production xylanase from marine bacterium Bacillus safensis P20 on sugarcane baggase by submerged fermentation[J].International Jurnal on Advanced Science Engineering Inform Technology, 2014, 4(6): 419.
[7]杨柳, 唐旺全, 蒋艳, 等.解钾芽孢杆菌的分离·鉴定及其代谢产物分析 [J].安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(28): 17265-17267. YANG L, TANG W Q, JIANG Y, et al.Isolation, identification of a potassium-solubilizing bacteria and analysis of the metabolites[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 39(28): 17265-17267.(in Chinese)
[8]范熠, 刘丽莎, 韩玉竹, 等.解淀粉芽孢杆菌胞外多糖的理化性质及免疫调节作用 [J].中国农业大学学报, 2014, 19(1): 131-136. FAN Y, LIU L S, HAN Y Z, et al.Physicochemical properties and immunomodulatory effects of exopolysaccharide produced by Bacillusamyloliquefaciens[J].Journal of China Agricultural University, 2014, 19(1): 131-136.(in Chinese)
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[10]陈倩倩, 刘波, 刘国红, 等.华重楼根际土芽胞杆菌多样性研究 [J].热带农业科学, 2015, 35(12): 103-107. CHEN Q Q, LIU B,LIU G H, et al.Diversity of culturable Bacillus species from Paris Linnaeus rhizosphere soil[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 2015, 35(12): 103-107.(in Chinese)
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[12]周秋平, 黄惠琴, 崔莹, 等.尖峰岭热带雨林土壤中可培养芽胞杆菌多样性分析 [J].广东农业科学, 2015, 42(2): 59-63. ZHOU Q P, HUANG H Q, CUI Y, et al.Diversity analysis of culturable Bacillus-like species form Jianfengling tropical rain forest soil[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 42(2): 59-63.(in Chinese)
[13]李淼, 冯海艳, 杨忠芳, 等.中国典型冻土区土壤可培养细菌多样性 [J].微生物学报, 2011, 51(12): 1595-1604. LI M, FENG H Y, YANG Z F, et al.Diversity of culturable bacteria in the typical frozen soil areas in china[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2011, 51(12): 1595-1604.(in Chinese)
[14]张福特, 黄惠琴, 崔莹, 等.佳西热带雨林土壤芽胞杆菌分离与多样性分析 [J].微生物学杂志, 2014, 34(4): 42-46. ZHANG F T, HUANG H Q, CUI Y, et al.Isolation and diversity of Bacillus species from Jiaxi tropical rain forest soil[J].Jouranal of Microbiology Aug, 2014, 34(4): 42-46.(in Chinese)
[15]许璐, 曹晓璐, 王士燕, 等.库姆塔格沙漠北界阿奇克谷地土壤可培养细菌多样性 [J].核农学报, 2017, 31(2): 342-349. XU L, CAO X L, WANG S Y, et al.The diversity of cultivable bacterial of soil in aqik valley, the north boundary of Kumtag desert[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 31(2): 342-349.(in Chinese)
[16]葛慈斌, 郑榕, 刘波, 等.武夷山自然保护区土壤可培养芽胞杆菌的物种多样性及分布 [J].生物多样性, 2016, 24(10): 1164-1176. GE C B, ZHENG R, LIU B, et al.Diversity and distribution of cultivable Bacillus-like species in soils col-lected from Wuyishan nature reserve[J].Biodiversity Science, 2016, 24(10): 1164-1176.(in Chinese)
[17]尹志坚, 彭华.大理苍山种子植物区系的研究 [J].植物分类与资源学报, 2015, 37(3): 233-245. YUN Z J, PENG H.A floristic study on the seed plants of the Cangshan mountain range, Dali, Yunnan, China[J].Plant Diversity and Resources, 2015, 37(3): 233-245.(in Chinese)
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