体育仲裁中强制性仲裁条款效力认定的法律冲突——兼谈对我国体育仲裁立法的启示
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摘要
结合国际体育仲裁院(CAS)的仲裁规则和实践,分析体育仲裁中强制性仲裁条款效力认定中的主要冲突。认为:解决体育仲裁中强制性仲裁条款效力的认定冲突,关键在于促使各国法律体系认同体育纠纷解决的特殊性,并通过立法达成共识,将审查体育仲裁裁决本身的公正性取代消除体育仲裁条款的强制性。提出对我国体育仲裁立法的启示:应肯定强制性仲裁条款的有效性,将"当事人在仲裁程序中对仲裁协议的效力提出异议"作为法院受理与体育仲裁条款效力相关的国内体育仲裁争议以及承认、执行外国体育仲裁裁决争议的前提;出于对运动员权利的保护,我国未来的《体育仲裁规则》应明确参赛表中提交仲裁的内容并非认定仲裁合意的必要条件。
The study,with the arbitration rules and practices of CAS,analyzes the legal conflicts in assessing the validity of mandatory arbitration clause in sports.It holds that the key solution lies in promoting the international legal system to identify the special nature of the settlement of sports disputes,and reach a consensus through legislation;at the same time,relevant courts should review the impartiality of sports arbitration awards instead of being overcritical of removing the mandatory feature in sports arbitration clause.The legislation of sports arbitration in China should approve the validity of the mandatory arbitration clause in sports,and stipulate that "the parties object to the validity of the arbitration agreement in the arbitrary proceedings" is a precondition when people's court accepts the arbitration cases related to assessing the validity of mandatory arbitration clause in sports and the case on recognition and enforcement of foreign sports arbitration awards.The future Sports Arbitration Rules of China should make sure that the arbitration content in entry form is not a necessary condition concerning the existence of arbitration consent to protect the right of athletes properly.
The study,with the arbitration rules and practices of CAS,analyzes the legal conflicts in assessing the validity of mandatory arbitration clause in sports.It holds that the key solution lies in promoting the international legal system to identify the special nature of the settlement of sports disputes,and reach a consensus through legislation;at the same time,relevant courts should review the impartiality of sports arbitration awards instead of being overcritical of removing the mandatory feature in sports arbitration clause.The legislation of sports arbitration in China should approve the validity of the mandatory arbitration clause in sports,and stipulate that "the parties object to the validity of the arbitration agreement in the arbitrary proceedings" is a precondition when people's court accepts the arbitration cases related to assessing the validity of mandatory arbitration clause in sports and the case on recognition and enforcement of foreign sports arbitration awards.The future Sports Arbitration Rules of China should make sure that the arbitration content in entry form is not a necessary condition concerning the existence of arbitration consent to protect the right of athletes properly.
引文
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[2] 杨磊.国际体育仲裁院的实体法律适用[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2013:102-104
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[16] HAAS ULRICH.The enforcement of football-related arbitral awards by the court of arbitration for sport(CAS) [J].I.S.L.R.,2014(1):12-29
[17] 郭树理.体育纠纷的多元化救济机制探讨:比较法与国际法的视野[M].北京:法律出版社,2004:266-356
[18] 张春良.强制性体育仲裁协议的合法性论证:对CAS仲裁条款的效力考察兼及对中国的启示[J].体育与科学,2011,32(2):23-27
[19] 陈斌彬.从困局到变局:析PECHTEIN案对国际体育仲裁院的挑战及应对[J].天津体育学院学报,2015,30(4):321-326
[20] 宋彬龄.中国运动员国际体育仲裁胜诉第一案述评:兴奋剂处罚的程序正义问题[J].天津体育学院学报,2011,26(2):109-113
[21] 郭树理.体育联合会领导人选举纠纷法律问题探讨[J].体育科学,2015,36(6):21-36
[2] 杨磊.国际体育仲裁院的实体法律适用[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2013:102-104
[3] FIFA.The FIFA satute [EB/OL].[2017-11-05].http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/02/78/29/07/fifastatutsweben_neutral.pdf
[4] WADA.World ati-dping cde[EB/OL].[2017-11-29].https://www.wada-ama.org/en/resources/the-code/world-anti-doping-code
[5] IOC.Olympic carter,rle 61[EB/OL].[2017-10-29].https://stillmed.olympic.org/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/General/EN-Olympic-Charter.pdf#_ga=2.115871108.324677077.1519566400-2022352056.1474464389
[6] CAS.Arbitration CAS ad hoc dvision(O.G.Salt Lake City) 02/005 Troy Billington / Fédération internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing(FIBT),award of 18 February 2002 [EB/OL].[2017-12-25].http://jurisprudence.tas-cas.org/Shared%20Documents/OG%2002-005.pdf
[7] CAS.Arbitration CAS ad hoc Division(OG Turin) 06/001 World Anti-Doping Agency(WADA) v.United States Anti-Doping Agency(USADA),United States Bobsled & Skeleton Federation(USBSF) and Zachery Lund,award of 10 February 2006 [EB/OL].[2017-11-25].http://jurisprudence.tas-cas.org/Shared%20Documents/OG%2006-001.pdf
[8] CAS.Arbitration CAS ad hoc Division(OG Turin) 06/002 Andrea Schuler v.Swiss Olympic Association & Swiss-Ski,award of 12 February 2006 [EB/OL].[2017-10-25].http://jurisprudence.tas-cas.org/Shared%20 Documents/OG%2006-002.pdf
[9] CAS.Arbitration CAS Ad hoc Division(Commonwealth Games in Manchester),CG 02/001 G./ Commonwealth Games Canada(CGC) & Triathlon Canada(TC),award of 2 August 2002 [EB/OL].[2017-12-25].http://jurisprudence.tas-cas.org/Shared%20 Documents/CG%2002-001.pdf
[10] JAN ?UKOMSKI.Arbitration clauses in sport governing bodies’ statutes:Consent or constraint?Analysis from the perspective of Article 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights[J].Int Sports Law J,2013,13(1-2):60-70
[11] 李智.从德国佩希施泰因案看国际体育仲裁院的管辖权[J].武大国际法评论,2017(1):138-152
[12] VOSER NATHALIE,MAMANE DAVID,BOEHM HANNAH.The most recent decision in the pechstein saga:Red flag for sports arbitration?[EB/OL].[2017-10-25].http://kluwerarbitrationblog.com/blog/2015/01/22/the-most-recent-decision-in-the-pechstein-saga-red-flag-for-sports-arbitration/
[13] 邓颖娴.强制性体育仲裁的法律问题研究[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2010:27-39
[14] CAS.Statement of the court of arbitration for sport(CAS) on the decision made by the german federal tribunal(BUNDESGERICHTSHOF) in the case between claudia pechstein and the international skating Union(ISU)[EB/OL].[2017-10-20].http://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Release_Pechstein_07.06.16_English_.pdf
[15] CAS.Statement of the court of arbitration for sport(CAS) on the decision made by theoberlandesgericht munchen in the case between claudia pechstein and the International Skating Union(ISU)[EB/OL].[2017-11-25].http://www.tas-cas.org/en/media/latest-news.html
[16] HAAS ULRICH.The enforcement of football-related arbitral awards by the court of arbitration for sport(CAS) [J].I.S.L.R.,2014(1):12-29
[17] 郭树理.体育纠纷的多元化救济机制探讨:比较法与国际法的视野[M].北京:法律出版社,2004:266-356
[18] 张春良.强制性体育仲裁协议的合法性论证:对CAS仲裁条款的效力考察兼及对中国的启示[J].体育与科学,2011,32(2):23-27
[19] 陈斌彬.从困局到变局:析PECHTEIN案对国际体育仲裁院的挑战及应对[J].天津体育学院学报,2015,30(4):321-326
[20] 宋彬龄.中国运动员国际体育仲裁胜诉第一案述评:兴奋剂处罚的程序正义问题[J].天津体育学院学报,2011,26(2):109-113
[21] 郭树理.体育联合会领导人选举纠纷法律问题探讨[J].体育科学,2015,36(6):21-36