2016-2017年某市加工型辣椒农药残留状况分析
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摘要
目的了解某市加工型辣椒农药残留污染现状,为政府部门制定辣椒农药使用相关措施提供科学依据。方法 2016年和2017年在某市15个主要辣椒生产区县的辣椒种植户家中、农贸市场和超市采集2 390份辣椒样品,采用《国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》中植物性样品中农药多组分残留的GC-MS法测定标准操作程序对有机磷和拟除虫菊酯农药的残留进行检测,检测结果依据GB2763-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定。结果 2 390份辣椒的农药残留检出率为16.69%,超标率3.19%,主要残留农药是甲氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、联苯菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯等,拟除虫菊酯类检出率高于有机磷农药。同一样品2种及以上农药检出率为9.16%,超标率为1.55%。结论某市加工型辣椒农药残留整体状况良好,但仍存在一定问题,联合用药情况较多,存在安全隔离期前采摘上市情况,辣椒制品原料农药残留问题值得关注,应加强辣椒流通环节的监管。
Objective To analyze the current level of pesticide residues in processing pepper in a city,and to provide a scientific reference for government departments to formulate pesticide-related measures of pesticide use for chili pepper.Methods 2 390 samples were collected from chili farmers,farming markets and supermarkets in 15 major pepper producing districts and counties in this city from 2016 to 2017.Standard operating procedure of GC-MS method for the determination of multi-pesticide residues in plant samples from the National Manual for Risk Monitoring of Food Contaminants and Hazardous Factors were applied to detect the organophosphate and pyrethroid,and the results were analyzed in accordance with GB 2763-2016,National Food Safety Standard-Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Food.Results Detected rate of pesticide residues and over-standard rate were 16.69% and 3.19%,respectively.The main types of pesticides were cypermethrin,lambda cypermethrin,bifenthrin,beta cypermethrin.The detected rate of pyrethroid was higher than that of organophosphate.The detected rate of two or more pesticides in one sample was 9.16% and the over standard rate was 1.55%.Conclusion The pesticide residues in processing pepper in this city are in normal status,but there are still some problems.Also,there are the combined use of pesticides and the situation that pepper is picked and marketed before the safety isolation period.The problem of pesticide residues in chilli products deserves attention and the regulation of circulation should be strengthened.
Objective To analyze the current level of pesticide residues in processing pepper in a city,and to provide a scientific reference for government departments to formulate pesticide-related measures of pesticide use for chili pepper.Methods 2 390 samples were collected from chili farmers,farming markets and supermarkets in 15 major pepper producing districts and counties in this city from 2016 to 2017.Standard operating procedure of GC-MS method for the determination of multi-pesticide residues in plant samples from the National Manual for Risk Monitoring of Food Contaminants and Hazardous Factors were applied to detect the organophosphate and pyrethroid,and the results were analyzed in accordance with GB 2763-2016,National Food Safety Standard-Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Food.Results Detected rate of pesticide residues and over-standard rate were 16.69% and 3.19%,respectively.The main types of pesticides were cypermethrin,lambda cypermethrin,bifenthrin,beta cypermethrin.The detected rate of pyrethroid was higher than that of organophosphate.The detected rate of two or more pesticides in one sample was 9.16% and the over standard rate was 1.55%.Conclusion The pesticide residues in processing pepper in this city are in normal status,but there are still some problems.Also,there are the combined use of pesticides and the situation that pepper is picked and marketed before the safety isolation period.The problem of pesticide residues in chilli products deserves attention and the regulation of circulation should be strengthened.
引文
[1] 熊正贤.全球视角下重庆石柱辣椒产业的发展[J].吉林蔬菜,2008(1):81-83.
[2] 黄任中,黄启中,张世才,等.重庆加工型辣椒产业发展现状及建议[J].辣椒杂志,2018,16(1):4-7.
[3] 夏燕平,邓泽锋,曾红燕.2011-2013年遂宁市蔬菜中农药残留状况调查[J].现代预防医学,2016,43(2):246-248,266.
[4] 陈晓雯,方菁,周洁.我国农药使用状况和农药对健康的影响研究[J].卫生软科学,2012,26(6):560-562.
[5] Qin GF,Zou KT,Li YB,et al.Pesticide residue determination in vegetables from western China applying gas chromatography with mass spectrometry[J].Biomedical Chromatography,2016,30(9):1430-1440.
[6] Mostafalou S,Abdollahi M.Pesticides and human chronic diseases:Evidences,mechanisms,and perspectives[J].Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,2013,268(2):157-177.
[7] Hercegová A,D?m?t?rová M,Matisová E.Sample preparation methods in the analysis of pesticide residues in baby food with subsequent chromatographic determination[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2007,1153(1/2):54-73.
[8] Guan HX,Brewer WE,Garris ST,et al.Disposable pipette extraction for the analysis of pesticides in fruit and vegetables using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2010,1217(12):1867-1874.
[9] Chowdhury M,Fakhruddin A,Islam M,et al.Detection of the residues of nineteen pesticides in fresh vegetable samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Food Control,2013,34(2):457-465.
[10] Sinha SN,Rao MV,Vasudev K.Distribution of pesticides in different commonly used vegetables from Hyderabad,India[J].Food Research International,2012,45(1):161-169.
[11] 中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 5009.218-2008 水果和蔬菜中多种农药残留量的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[12] 袁超,林娜,赵瑞芳,等.哈尔滨市售蔬菜中有机磷和拟除虫菊酯农药的残留量[J].环境与健康杂志,2008,25(11):998-1000.
[13] 俞发荣,李登楼.有机磷农药对人类健康的影响及农药残留检测方法研究进展[J].生态科学,2015,34(3):197-203.
[14] 张军钱,秦志前,白新明,等.鲜食性蔬菜农药残留对人体健康急性膳食风险评估[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(21):200-205.
[15] 梁伟红,方佳,李玉萍,等.国内外辣椒农药残留限量标准比较分析[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(8):4582-4584,4798.
[16] 文献英,张代友,吴晓红,等.绵阳市市售蔬菜有机磷农药残留检测结果分析[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(6):1159-1160.
[17] 宋靖宇,曹楚瑾,高鑫涛,等.武汉市某市场蔬菜农药残留的时序变化及其特征[J].职业与健康,2016,32(4):490-493.
[2] 黄任中,黄启中,张世才,等.重庆加工型辣椒产业发展现状及建议[J].辣椒杂志,2018,16(1):4-7.
[3] 夏燕平,邓泽锋,曾红燕.2011-2013年遂宁市蔬菜中农药残留状况调查[J].现代预防医学,2016,43(2):246-248,266.
[4] 陈晓雯,方菁,周洁.我国农药使用状况和农药对健康的影响研究[J].卫生软科学,2012,26(6):560-562.
[5] Qin GF,Zou KT,Li YB,et al.Pesticide residue determination in vegetables from western China applying gas chromatography with mass spectrometry[J].Biomedical Chromatography,2016,30(9):1430-1440.
[6] Mostafalou S,Abdollahi M.Pesticides and human chronic diseases:Evidences,mechanisms,and perspectives[J].Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,2013,268(2):157-177.
[7] Hercegová A,D?m?t?rová M,Matisová E.Sample preparation methods in the analysis of pesticide residues in baby food with subsequent chromatographic determination[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2007,1153(1/2):54-73.
[8] Guan HX,Brewer WE,Garris ST,et al.Disposable pipette extraction for the analysis of pesticides in fruit and vegetables using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2010,1217(12):1867-1874.
[9] Chowdhury M,Fakhruddin A,Islam M,et al.Detection of the residues of nineteen pesticides in fresh vegetable samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Food Control,2013,34(2):457-465.
[10] Sinha SN,Rao MV,Vasudev K.Distribution of pesticides in different commonly used vegetables from Hyderabad,India[J].Food Research International,2012,45(1):161-169.
[11] 中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 5009.218-2008 水果和蔬菜中多种农药残留量的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[12] 袁超,林娜,赵瑞芳,等.哈尔滨市售蔬菜中有机磷和拟除虫菊酯农药的残留量[J].环境与健康杂志,2008,25(11):998-1000.
[13] 俞发荣,李登楼.有机磷农药对人类健康的影响及农药残留检测方法研究进展[J].生态科学,2015,34(3):197-203.
[14] 张军钱,秦志前,白新明,等.鲜食性蔬菜农药残留对人体健康急性膳食风险评估[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(21):200-205.
[15] 梁伟红,方佳,李玉萍,等.国内外辣椒农药残留限量标准比较分析[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(8):4582-4584,4798.
[16] 文献英,张代友,吴晓红,等.绵阳市市售蔬菜有机磷农药残留检测结果分析[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(6):1159-1160.
[17] 宋靖宇,曹楚瑾,高鑫涛,等.武汉市某市场蔬菜农药残留的时序变化及其特征[J].职业与健康,2016,32(4):490-493.