大港油田上古生界煤系烃源岩地球化学特征与二次成烃
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摘要
大港油田上古生界煤系地层主要分布于中南部,分布面积近10 000 km~2。烃源岩包括煤层、碳质泥岩和泥岩3种类型,总厚度100~450 m,纵向上主要分布在太原组和山西组,本溪组少量发育。煤层有机质丰度高,85%以上属于好-极好烃源岩类型,而泥岩丰度各地区之间差异较大。烃源岩显微组分构成中以镜质组含量占优势,50%以上,成熟阶段具有良好的生气条件,同时受成煤环境的影响,主要成煤中心的煤系地层也富含一定的富氢组分,在低熟-成熟阶段具有良好的生油能力。上古生界在地史演化中经历了多期构造活动的改造,煤系源岩也随之经历了两次生烃过程,其中二次生烃范围分布广,资源规模大,是潜山勘探的重要区域。按照构造演化分类,油田内发育4种埋藏史类型,即早埋晚抬型、早抬晚埋型、持续深埋型与稳定埋藏型。除早埋晚抬型之外,其他3类均具有二次生烃条件。经多年的勘探,在二次生烃范围内,相继在孔西"古生中储型"和乌马营潜山、埕海潜山、王官屯潜山"古生古储型"原生油气藏实现了潜山勘探的重大突破。
Coal-measure formations in the Upper Paleozoic mainly distributes in central-south part of Dagang Oilfield and covers an area of nearly 10 000 km~2. Source rocks there consist of coal beds,carbonaceous mudstone and mudrock,and have a gross thickness of 100 to 450 m. Vertically,they distribute mainly in the Taiyuan and Shanxi Formations with some developed in the Benxi Formation. The coal beds are rich in organic matter( more than 85% ) and are high to very high quality source rocks,while the organic matter content in mudstone varies greatly from place to place. Vitrinite dominates the maceral of the source rocks with a content of more than 50% ,indicating favorable conditions for gas generation during the mature stage of the rocks. Meanwhile,affected by coal-forming environment,the coal-measure strata in the main coalforming centers are also contain some hydrogen-rich macerals,hinting large oil generation capacity during low maturity to mature stage. The Upper Paleozoic strata experienced multiple phases of tectonic activities,so were the coal-measure source rocks,which went through two stages of hydrocarbon generation. The secondary hydrocarbon generation was characterized by large area and high resource potential and has been the focus of study during the buried hill exploration.Four types of burial history can be recognized in the oilfield based on the tectonic evolution: the early-burial and late-lift type,the early-lift and late-burial type,the continuous deep-burial type and the steady-burial type. Except for the first type,all the other three types possessed favorable conditions for secondary hydrocarbon generation. Years of exploration in the area of secondary hydrocarbon generation yielded primary oil and gas discoveries in buried hills one after another:Kongxi,Wumaying,Chenghai and Wangguantun,to name just a few.
Coal-measure formations in the Upper Paleozoic mainly distributes in central-south part of Dagang Oilfield and covers an area of nearly 10 000 km~2. Source rocks there consist of coal beds,carbonaceous mudstone and mudrock,and have a gross thickness of 100 to 450 m. Vertically,they distribute mainly in the Taiyuan and Shanxi Formations with some developed in the Benxi Formation. The coal beds are rich in organic matter( more than 85% ) and are high to very high quality source rocks,while the organic matter content in mudstone varies greatly from place to place. Vitrinite dominates the maceral of the source rocks with a content of more than 50% ,indicating favorable conditions for gas generation during the mature stage of the rocks. Meanwhile,affected by coal-forming environment,the coal-measure strata in the main coalforming centers are also contain some hydrogen-rich macerals,hinting large oil generation capacity during low maturity to mature stage. The Upper Paleozoic strata experienced multiple phases of tectonic activities,so were the coal-measure source rocks,which went through two stages of hydrocarbon generation. The secondary hydrocarbon generation was characterized by large area and high resource potential and has been the focus of study during the buried hill exploration.Four types of burial history can be recognized in the oilfield based on the tectonic evolution: the early-burial and late-lift type,the early-lift and late-burial type,the continuous deep-burial type and the steady-burial type. Except for the first type,all the other three types possessed favorable conditions for secondary hydrocarbon generation. Years of exploration in the area of secondary hydrocarbon generation yielded primary oil and gas discoveries in buried hills one after another:Kongxi,Wumaying,Chenghai and Wangguantun,to name just a few.
引文
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[18]戴金星.天然气碳氢同位素特征和各类天然气鉴别[J].天然气地球科学,1993,2(3):23-28.Dai Jinxing The characteristics of carbon and hydrogen isotopes and the identification of various types of natural gas[J].Nature Gas Geoscience,1993,2(3):23-28.
[2]黄第藩,秦匡宗,王铁冠,等.煤成油的形成和成烃机理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.Huang Difan,Qin Kuangzong,Wang Tieguan,et al.Formationof Coalformed oil and mechanism of hydrocarbon generation[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1995.
[3]王春江.关于煤成油形成演化阶段及有关问题的讨论[J].地质评论,1999,45(4):394-401.Wang Chunjiang.Generation and evolution stages of coal-derived oil and some relative problems[J].Geological Review,1999,45(4):394-401.
[4]钟宁宁,王铁冠,熊波,等.煤系低熟油形成机制及其意义[J].江汉石油学院学报,1995,17(1):1-7.Zhong Ningning,Wang Tieguan,Xiong Bo,et al.The mechanisms of immature oil generation in coal-bearing sequences and its significances[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,1995,17(1):1-7.
[5]徐永昌,王晓锋,史宝光.低熟气—煤成气理念的延伸[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(3):408-412.Xu Yongchang,Wang Xiaofeng,Shi Baoguang.Low-mature gas:An extension of the concept of coal-formed gas[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,39(6):408-412.
[6]席伟军.和什托洛盖盆地低熟煤系烃源岩生烃潜力及勘探前景分析[J].非常规油气,2014,1(1):27-32.Xi Weijun.Hydrocarbon generation potential and exploration prospect analysis of jurassic immature source rocks in the Heshentuoluogai Basin[J].Unconventional Oil&Gas,2014,1(1):27-32.
[7]陈建平,黄第藩,李晋超,等.西北地区侏罗纪煤系有机质成烃模式[J].地球化学,1999,28(4):327-339.Chen Jianping,Huang Difan,Li Jinchao,et al.The petroleum generation model for organic matter from Jurassic coal measure.Northwest China[J].1999,28(4):327-339.
[8]吴俊,金奎利.显微组分成烃动力学及煤成烃阶段性研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,1993,21(4):19-26.Wu Jun,Jin Kuili.Researches on hydrocarbon-generating dynamics of organic macerals and coal-formed hydrocarbonation stages[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,1993,21(4):19-26.
[9]陈建平,赵长毅,何忠华.煤系有机质成烃潜力评价标准探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,1997,24(1):1-5.Criteria for evaluating the hydrocarbon generating potential of organic matter in coal measures[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1997,24(1):1-5.
[10]杨池银,于学敏,刘岩,等.渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷中南部煤系发育区煤成气形成条件及勘探前景[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(1):23-32.Yang Chiyin,Yu Xuemin,Liu Yan,et al.Geology conditions of coalderived gas accumulation prospect in the carboniferous-permian coverd area from south central of Huanghua Depression in Bohai Bay Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(1):23-32.
[11]周立宏,李三忠,刘建忠,等,渤海湾盆地前第三系构造演化与潜山油气成藏模式[M]北京:中国科学技术出版社,2003 159-170.Zhou Lihong,Li Sanzhong,Liu Jianzhong,et al.Pre-Tertraiy tectonic evolution and buried hill-type oil-gas denelopment and reservation under the Bohai Bay Basin[J].Beijing:Science Press,2003:159-170.
[12]崔军平,任战利,李金翔,等.海拉尔盆地呼伦湖凹陷热演化史恢复[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(01):35-42.Cui Junping,Ren Zhanli,Li Jinxiang,et al.Reconstruction of geothermal history in Hulunhu Depression,Hailaer Basin[J].Oil&Gas geology,2015,36(01):35-42.
[13]梁宏斌,降栓奇,杨桂茹,等.冀中坳陷北部天然气类型、成藏模式及成藏条件研究[J].中国石油勘探,2002,7(1):17-33.Liang Hongbin,Jiang Shuangqi,Yang Jiarong,et al.Discussionon petro China’s natural gas exploration strategy in the near Futureon Basis of Foreign natural gas development law[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2002,7(1):17-33
[14]程克明,赵长毅,苏爱国,等.吐哈盆地煤成油气的地质地球化学研究[J].勘探家,1997,2(2):5-10.Cheng Keming,Zhao Changyi,Su Aiguo,et al.Prospecys and development of natural gas resource in China[J].Petroleum Explorationist,1997,2(2):5-10.
[15]王昌桂,程克明,徐永昌,等.吐哈盆地侏罗纪煤成烃地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.Wang Changgui,Cheng Keming,Xu Yongchang,et al.Hydrocarbon geochemistry of Jurassic coal derived hydrocarbon in Turpan-Hami Basin[M].Beijng:Science Press,1988.
[16]吴永平,杨池银.渤海湾盆地北部奥陶系潜山[M].北京:地质出版社,2002.Wu Yongping,Yang Chiyin.Ordovician buried hill in the northern Bohai Bay Basin[M].Beijng:Geology Press,2002.
[17]陈敬轶,贾会冲,李永杰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起上古生界天然气成因及气源[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(02):205-209.Chen Jingyi,Jia Huichong,Li Yongjie,et al.Origin and source of natural gas in the Upper Paleozoic of the Yimeng Uplift,Ordos Basin[J].Oil&gas geology,2016,37(02):205-209.
[18]戴金星.天然气碳氢同位素特征和各类天然气鉴别[J].天然气地球科学,1993,2(3):23-28.Dai Jinxing The characteristics of carbon and hydrogen isotopes and the identification of various types of natural gas[J].Nature Gas Geoscience,1993,2(3):23-28.