吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密油、页岩油地质特征与勘探潜力
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摘要
准噶尔盆地二叠系芦草沟组是中国最为古老的陆相液态烃页岩层系之一,是近海咸化湖盆混积岩沉积,具有丰富的致密油、页岩油资源,吉木萨尔凹陷是准噶尔盆地东部典型富液态烃凹陷。基于页岩层系实际地质资料分析,发现吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组页岩层系发育上、下两个含油系统,具有源储一体、薄层叠置、厚度较大、整体含油、连续分布的特征:(1)近海湖泊沉积环境,间歇性海水注入使湖泊生物群体死亡,利于有机质富集保存;细粒混积岩沉积为主,划分为6层2.5个三级沉积旋回;(2)烃源岩主要发育在芦草沟组第2段(P2l2)和第5段(P2l5),岩性主要为碳酸盐质泥岩和硅质泥岩,有机碳含量多大于4%,Ⅱ型干酪根为主,Ro介于0.6%~1.1%,处于生油窗口;(3)储层普遍较致密,岩性主要为碳酸盐岩、碳酸盐质砂岩、硅质砂岩,孔隙度主体介于6%~12%,空气渗透率小于0.1 m D,连通孔喉直径主体介于几十至几百纳米,以粒内孔、粒间溶蚀孔为主,含油饱和度多介于80%~90%,储油条件较好;(4)地层流体压力系统以常压—弱超压为主,原油密度平均为0.8971g/cm~3,50℃平均黏度为165.2m Pa·s,为低—中等热演化程度产物,地层条件下整体流动性较差。吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密油、页岩油资源丰富,经评价致密油技术可采资源量为0.91×10~8t,其中P_2l_1和P_2l_4是致密油"甜点段",致密油"甜点区"主要分布于凹陷中部;页岩油技术可采资源量为1.10×10~8t,其中P_2l_2和P_2l_5是页岩油"甜点段",页岩油"甜点区"也主要分布于凹陷中部。
The Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Junggar Basin is one of the oldest continental shale systems with liquid hydrocarbons in China. It contains diamictite deposits in a paralic salty lake basin, with abundant tight oil and shale oil resources. The Jimsar sag is a typical example with rich liquid hydrocarbons in eastern Junggar Basin. The analysis of actual geologic data of shale systems shows that the Lucaogou shale system has two petroleum systems(upper and lower) characterized by continuous hydrocarbon accumulation in thick self-sourced reservoirs composed of thin interlayers. First, the Lucaogou Formation was deposited in a paralic lacustrine environment, where intermittent seawater invasion caused mass organism die-off, making it possible to accumulate and preserve abundant organic matters. This formation is chiefly composed of finegrained diamictite deposits, and can be subdivided into 2.5 tertiary sedimentary cycles in 6 layers. Second, the source rocks, with major lithologies of carbonate mudstone and siliceous mudstone, concentrate in the second and fifth members of the Lucaogou Formation(P2 l2 and P2 l5). Their TOC contents are mostly higher than 4% and the kerogen is mainly of Type II. Their Ro values range between 0.6% and 1.1%, which indicates that they are within oil generation window. Third, the reservoir rocks are generally tight and comprised of carbonate rocks, carbonate sandstone and siliceous sandstone, with the porosity mostly of 6%–12% and the air permeability less than 0.1 m D. The pore space is mainly composed of intragranular pores and intergranular dissolved pores which are connected by pore throats with the diameter from dozens of nanometers to hundreds of nanometers. The oil saturation generally ranges between 80% and 90%, thus the oil storage condition is better. And fourth, the formation fluid pressure is normal or slightly abnormally high. The average crude density is 0.8971 g/cm~3, and average viscosity at 50℃ is 165.2 m Pa·s; therefore, the crude oil is the product of low-medium thermal evolution. In stratigraphic conditions, the fluid flowability is poor. The Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar sag has abundant tight oil and shale gas resources. According to the evaluation results, it has technically recoverable tight oil resources of 0.91×10~8 t, and P_2l_1 and P_2l_4 are the "sweet spot intervals" of tight oil, the sweet spot is mainly in the central sag. Moreover, it has technically recoverable shale oil resources of 1.10×10~8 t, and P_2 l_2 and P_2l_5 are the "sweet spot intervals" of shale oil, the sweet spot is also chiefly in the central sag.
The Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Junggar Basin is one of the oldest continental shale systems with liquid hydrocarbons in China. It contains diamictite deposits in a paralic salty lake basin, with abundant tight oil and shale oil resources. The Jimsar sag is a typical example with rich liquid hydrocarbons in eastern Junggar Basin. The analysis of actual geologic data of shale systems shows that the Lucaogou shale system has two petroleum systems(upper and lower) characterized by continuous hydrocarbon accumulation in thick self-sourced reservoirs composed of thin interlayers. First, the Lucaogou Formation was deposited in a paralic lacustrine environment, where intermittent seawater invasion caused mass organism die-off, making it possible to accumulate and preserve abundant organic matters. This formation is chiefly composed of finegrained diamictite deposits, and can be subdivided into 2.5 tertiary sedimentary cycles in 6 layers. Second, the source rocks, with major lithologies of carbonate mudstone and siliceous mudstone, concentrate in the second and fifth members of the Lucaogou Formation(P2 l2 and P2 l5). Their TOC contents are mostly higher than 4% and the kerogen is mainly of Type II. Their Ro values range between 0.6% and 1.1%, which indicates that they are within oil generation window. Third, the reservoir rocks are generally tight and comprised of carbonate rocks, carbonate sandstone and siliceous sandstone, with the porosity mostly of 6%–12% and the air permeability less than 0.1 m D. The pore space is mainly composed of intragranular pores and intergranular dissolved pores which are connected by pore throats with the diameter from dozens of nanometers to hundreds of nanometers. The oil saturation generally ranges between 80% and 90%, thus the oil storage condition is better. And fourth, the formation fluid pressure is normal or slightly abnormally high. The average crude density is 0.8971 g/cm~3, and average viscosity at 50℃ is 165.2 m Pa·s; therefore, the crude oil is the product of low-medium thermal evolution. In stratigraphic conditions, the fluid flowability is poor. The Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar sag has abundant tight oil and shale gas resources. According to the evaluation results, it has technically recoverable tight oil resources of 0.91×10~8 t, and P_2l_1 and P_2l_4 are the "sweet spot intervals" of tight oil, the sweet spot is mainly in the central sag. Moreover, it has technically recoverable shale oil resources of 1.10×10~8 t, and P_2 l_2 and P_2l_5 are the "sweet spot intervals" of shale oil, the sweet spot is also chiefly in the central sag.
引文
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[2]Zou Caineng,Yang Zhi,Cui Jingwei,Zhu Rukai,Hou Lianhua,Tao Shizhen,et al.Formation mechanism,geological characteristics,and development strategy of nonmarine shale oil in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(1):14-26.
[3]杨智,侯连华,陶士振,崔景伟,吴松涛,林森虎,等.致密油与页岩油形成条件与“甜点区”评价[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(5):555-565.Yang Zhi,Hou Lianhua,Tao Shizhen,Cui Jingwei,Wu Songtao,Lin Senhu,et al.Formation condition and“sweet spot”evaluation of tight oil and shale oil[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(5):555-565.
[4]Zou C N,Yang Z,Tao S Z.Continuous hydrocarbon accumulation over a large area as a distinguishing characteristic of unconventional petroleum:the Ordos Basin,north-central China[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2013,126:358-369.
[5]Zou C aineng,Yang Zhi,Hou Lianhua.Geological characteristics and“sweet area”evaluation for tight oil[J].Petroleum Science,2015,12:606-617.
[6]付金华,喻建,徐黎明,牛小兵,冯胜斌,王秀娟,等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油勘探开发新进展及规模富集可开发主控因素[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(5):9-19.Fu Jinhua,Yu Jian,Xu Liming,Niu Xiaobing,Feng Shengbin,Wang Xiujuan,et al.New progress in exploration and development of tight oil in Ordos Basin and main controlling factors of large-scale enrichment and exploitable capacity[J].China Petroleum Exploation,2015,20(5):9-19.
[7]郭秋麟,陈宁生,吴晓智,宋焕琪,杨智,李登华.致密油资源评价方法研究[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(2):67-76.Guo Qiulin,Chen Ningsheng,Wu Xiaozhi,Song Huanqi,Yang Zhi,Li Denghua.Method for assessment of tight oil resources[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(2):67-76.
[8]杨智,付金华,郭秋麟,林森虎,陈宁生,潘松圻,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组陆相致密油发现、特征及潜力[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(6):7-13.Yang Zhi,Fu Jinhua,Guo Qiulin,Lin Senhu,Chen Ningsheng,Pan Songqi,et al.Discovery,characteristics and resource potential of continental tight oil in Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(6):7-13.
[9]Jarvie D M.Unconventional oil petroleum systems:shales and shale hybrids[R].Calgary:AAPG International Conference and Exhibition,2011.
[10]Fan L,Martin R,Thompson J.An integrated approach for understanding oil and gas reservoir potential in Eagle Ford shale formation[R].Calgary:Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference,2011.
[11]Corbett K.Eagle Ford Shale exploration models:depositional controls on reservoir properties[R].Denver:AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition,2010.
[12]Martin R,Baihly J,Lindsay G.Understanding production from Eagle Ford-Austin Chalk system[R].Denver:SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,2011.
[13]Tinnin B,Bello1 H,Mc Chesney M.Multi-source data integration to predict well performance:Eagle Ford sweet spot mapping[C].San Antonio:AAPG/STGS Eagle Ford Plus Adjacent Plays&Extensions Workshop,2014.
[14]杨智,何生,张勇刚,肖七林.准噶尔盆地腹部超压顶面附近原油地化特征[J].深圳大学学报理工版,2017,33(4):331-343.Yang Zhi,He Sheng,Zhang Yonggang,Xiaoq Qilin.Oil geochemical characteristics near the top overpressured surface in central Junggar Basin[J].Journal of Shenzhen University Science and Engineering,2017,34(4):331-343.
[15]张义杰,齐雪峰,程显胜,罗正江.准噶尔盆地晚石炭世和二叠纪沉积环境[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(6):673-675.Zhang Yijie,Qi Xuefeng,Cheng Xiansheng,Luo Zhengjiang.Approach to sedimentary environment of Late CarboniferousPermian in Jung gar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2007,28(6):673-675.
[16]Xiao Q L,He S,Yang Z.Petroleum secondary migration and accumulation in the central Junggar Basin,northwest Chi na:Insights from basin modeling[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(7):937-955.
[17]Yang Zhi,Li Qiyan,Qi Xuefeng.A new possible giant hydrocarbon generated formation:the Upper Triassic source rock in Southwestern Junggar Basin,NW China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2017,88:575-586.
[18]Yang Zhi,He Sheng,Li Qiyan.Geochemistry ch aracteristics and significance of two petroleum systems near top overpressured surface in central Junggar Basin,NW China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,75(8):341-355.
[19]孙焕泉.济阳坳陷页岩油勘探实践与认识[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(4):1-14.Sun Huanquan.Exploration practice and cognitions of shale oil in Jiyang depression[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(4):1-14.
[20]汪天凯,何文渊,袁余洋,许坤,李国昊,李丰,等.美国页岩油低油价下效益开发新进展及启示[J].石油科技论坛,2017,36(2):60-68.Wang Tiankai,He Wenyuan,Yuan Yuyang,Xu Kun,Li Guohao,Li Feng,et al.Latest development in US costeffective development of shale oil under background of low oil prices[J].Oil Forum,2017,36(2):60-68.
[21]周立宏,于超,滑双君,孙超囡,王娜.沧东凹陷孔二段页岩油资源评价方法与应用[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(6):1-6.Zhou Lihong,Yu Chao,Hua Shuangjun,Sun Chaonan,Wang Na.Shale oil resource estimation and application in Kong2Member of Cangdong sag[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(6):1-6.
[22]牛小兵,冯胜斌,尤源,梁晓伟,王芳,李卫成,等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油地质研究与试验攻关实践及体会[J].石油科技论坛,2016,35(4):38-46.N i u X i a o b i n g,F e n g S h e n g b i n,Y o u Y u a n,L i a n g Xiaowei,Wang Fang,Li Weicheng,et al.Geological study and pilot test of tight oil in Ordos Basin[J].Oil Forum,2016,35(4):38-46.
[23]刘冬冬,张晨,罗群,张译丹,高阳,张云钊,等.准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密储层裂缝发育特征及控制因素[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(4):36-47.Liu Dongdong,Zhang Chen,Luo Qun,Zhang Yidan,Gao Yang,Zhang Yunzhao,et al.Development characteristics and controlling factors of natural fractures in Permian Lucaogou Formation tight reservoir in Jimsar sag,Junggar Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(4):36-47.
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