笼养黑叶猴日行为时间分配及其影响因素研究
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摘要
2015年10—11月及2016年5—6月,采用扫描取样法对济南动物园13只笼养黑叶猴进行日行为时间分配及其影响因素研究。结果如下:(1)济南动物园黑叶猴日行为中,休息、社会性行为、取食、运动和其他分别占总时间的60. 41%、13. 56%、13. 12%、12. 05%和0. 86%。(2)黑叶猴成年与亚成年个体的运动和取食差异显著(P <0. 05),雄性中成年与亚成年个体的休息和社会性行为差异显著(P <0. 05),雌性中成年与亚成年个体的休息和社会性行为差异则不显著(P> 0. 05)。(3)不同性别黑叶猴的运动差异显著(P <0. 05),不同性别亚成年黑叶猴的休息差异显著(P <0. 05)。(4)雌性黑叶猴妊娠后期的运动和社会性行为与妊娠前期和未妊娠个体相比显著减少(P <0. 05),休息显著增加(P <0. 05)。(5)幼仔在育幼期与母亲关系密切,其幼仔行为包括吮乳、幼仔活动和幼仔休息,在3月龄时可占总时间的54. 27%,而其母亲的育幼行为包括哺乳、携仔运动、抱仔和护仔,可占总时间的43. 92%。(6)黑叶猴幼仔从3月龄生长到6. 5月龄,幼仔行为显著减少(P <0. 05),社会性行为和睡眠显著增加(P <0. 05),其母亲的育幼行为显著减少(P <0. 05),社会性行为显著增加(P <0. 05)。
We studied the time budget of diurnal behaviors and quantified factors influencing the behavior of 13 captive Francois' langurs( Trachypithecus francoisi) at Jinan Zoo. We used scan sampling from October to November 2015 and from May to June 2016. Resting,social behavior,feeding,moving and other behaviors accounted for 60. 41%,13. 56%,13. 12%,12. 05% and 0. 86%,respectively. Time budgets for moving and feeding differed between adult and sub-adult langurs( P< 0. 05). Resting and social behavior differed( P < 0. 05) between adult and sub-adult males,but not between adult and sub-adult females. Movement budgets differed by gender( P < 0. 05).Resting by sub-adults differed( P < 0. 05) by gender. Movement and social behavior by females decreased( P < 0. 05) during late pregnancy,when resting increased( P < 0. 05). The relationship between the young and their mothers was very close during lactation. Behaviors of langurs at three months of age( including suckling,locomotion and resting) accounted for 54. 27% and nursery behavior of mothers( including lactation,locomotion with young,embracing,and protection) accounted for 43. 92% of total time. As young aged from 3 to 6. 5 months,behaviors recorded at 0-3 months decreased( P < 0. 05) but sleeping and social behavior increased( P < 0. 05). Nursery behavior of mothers decreased( P < 0. 05) but social behavior increased( P < 0. 05) at the same time.
We studied the time budget of diurnal behaviors and quantified factors influencing the behavior of 13 captive Francois' langurs( Trachypithecus francoisi) at Jinan Zoo. We used scan sampling from October to November 2015 and from May to June 2016. Resting,social behavior,feeding,moving and other behaviors accounted for 60. 41%,13. 56%,13. 12%,12. 05% and 0. 86%,respectively. Time budgets for moving and feeding differed between adult and sub-adult langurs( P< 0. 05). Resting and social behavior differed( P < 0. 05) between adult and sub-adult males,but not between adult and sub-adult females. Movement budgets differed by gender( P < 0. 05).Resting by sub-adults differed( P < 0. 05) by gender. Movement and social behavior by females decreased( P < 0. 05) during late pregnancy,when resting increased( P < 0. 05). The relationship between the young and their mothers was very close during lactation. Behaviors of langurs at three months of age( including suckling,locomotion and resting) accounted for 54. 27% and nursery behavior of mothers( including lactation,locomotion with young,embracing,and protection) accounted for 43. 92% of total time. As young aged from 3 to 6. 5 months,behaviors recorded at 0-3 months decreased( P < 0. 05) but sleeping and social behavior increased( P < 0. 05). Nursery behavior of mothers decreased( P < 0. 05) but social behavior increased( P < 0. 05) at the same time.
引文
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[10] ZHOU Q H,WEI F W,HUANG C M,et al.Seasonal variation in the activity patterns and time budgets of Trachypithecus francoisi in the Nonggang Nature Reserve,China[J].International Journal of Primatology,2007,28(3):657-671.
[11] HUANG C M,WEI F W,LI M,et al.Sleeping cave selection,activity pattern and time budget of white-headed langurs[J].International Journal of Primatology,2003,24(4):813-824.
[2] 杨东.贵州和重庆黑叶猴生态学研究——种群、生境利用和保护[D].昆明:西南林学院,2008.
[3] 罗洪章,匡中帆,吴忠荣.贵阳黔灵公园动物园笼养黑叶猴的行为观察[J].西北林学院学报,2006,21(4):96-100;128.
[4] 黄进同,黄丽碧,郭玉容.黑叶猴的生态[J].野生动物,1983,4(1):11-13.
[5] 吴名川,韦振逸,何农林.黑叶猴在广西的分布及生态[J].野生动物,1987,8(4):12-13;19.
[6] 梅渠年,黄兴雅,陈安杰.圈养黑叶猴的繁殖[J].动物学杂志,1987,22(1):33-35;25.
[7] 韩家亮,娜孜拉·阿克木汗,胡刚.昆明动物园笼养黑叶猴日活动时间分配[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013,34(1):22-27.
[8] 周歧海,黄乘明,方艳.黑叶猴春夏季活动时间分配的初步研究[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001,19(4):80-83.
[9] 周歧海,黄乘明,唐启乐.笼养黑叶猴活动时间分配的初步研究[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,21(2):79-82.
[10] ZHOU Q H,WEI F W,HUANG C M,et al.Seasonal variation in the activity patterns and time budgets of Trachypithecus francoisi in the Nonggang Nature Reserve,China[J].International Journal of Primatology,2007,28(3):657-671.
[11] HUANG C M,WEI F W,LI M,et al.Sleeping cave selection,activity pattern and time budget of white-headed langurs[J].International Journal of Primatology,2003,24(4):813-824.