新型城镇化水平与生态环境压力脱钩关系时空差异分析——以四川省绵阳市为例
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摘要
[目的]剖析绵阳市新型城镇化与生态环境的相互关系以期对绵阳市的可持续发展提供科学的决策依据。[方法]文章从人口、经济、空间和社会城镇化4个维度选取指标构建新型城镇化水平评价指标体系;基于"压力—状态—响应"模型从生态环境压力、水平和保护3个维度选取指标构建生态环境压力评价指标体系;利用熵值法和线性加权法对2006—2015年绵阳市各区县的新型城镇化水平和生态环境压力进行测度,进而利用脱钩弹性系数法分析两者的脱钩关系及其时空差异。[结果] 2006—2015年绵阳市新型城镇化水平总体上呈现出缓慢上升的态势,生态环境压力呈现出波动增加的态势; 2006年、2010年和2015年,绵阳市新型城镇化水平总体上呈现"一极化"态势,即涪城区新型城镇化水平远高于其他8个区县; 2006年和2015年绵阳市大部分区县的生态环境压力都较大或处于中等水平,2010年生态环境压力较大和处于中等水平的区县主要集中分布在西北部。[结论] 2006—2015年绵阳市的城市发展经历了新型城镇化水平与生态环境压力由脱钩状态为主体向脱钩与负脱钩状态并举的演变过程。研究结果对于绵阳市政府制定新型城镇化发展战略,实现城镇化与生态环境的协调发展具有重要的指导意义。
Analyzing the relationship between new urbanization and the eco-environment is important to provide a scientific decision-making basis for the sustainable development of Mianyang city. This study selected indicators from four dimensions( population,economy,space and social urbanization) to construct an evaluation index system for the new urbanization level. Based on the pressure-state-response( P-S-R) model,indicators for eco-environmental pressure,level and protection were chosen to create an evaluation index system for eco-environmental pressure. Entropy and linear weighting methods were used to measure the new urbanization level and eco-environmental pressure of each district and county of Mianyang city from 2006 to 2015,following which the decoupling elasticity coefficient method was adopted to analyze the decoupling relationship and spatio-temporal difference between the new urbanization level and eco-environmental pressure. The evaluation results showed that the new urbanization level of Mianyang city presented a slow but continuous rising trend in 2006-2015,whereas the eco-environmental pressure revealed a fluctuating increasing trend. In 2006,2010 and 2015,the new urbanization levels presented a trend of " one polarization" generally,which meant the level of Fucheng district was much higher than that of the other 8 districts and counties in Mianyang city. In 2006 and 2015,the eco-environmental pressures of most districts and counties in Mianyang city were at a high or moderate level. In 2010,the districts and counties with high and moderate eco-environmental pressures in Mianyang city were mainly distributed in the northwest part. From 2006 to2015,the new urbanization level and eco-environmental pressure of Mianyang city evolved from the dominant decoupling state to the decoupling-negative decoupling state. These research results can guide the government of Mianyang city in formulating new urbanization development strategies and facilitate the realization of coordinated development of urbanization and the eco-environment.
Analyzing the relationship between new urbanization and the eco-environment is important to provide a scientific decision-making basis for the sustainable development of Mianyang city. This study selected indicators from four dimensions( population,economy,space and social urbanization) to construct an evaluation index system for the new urbanization level. Based on the pressure-state-response( P-S-R) model,indicators for eco-environmental pressure,level and protection were chosen to create an evaluation index system for eco-environmental pressure. Entropy and linear weighting methods were used to measure the new urbanization level and eco-environmental pressure of each district and county of Mianyang city from 2006 to 2015,following which the decoupling elasticity coefficient method was adopted to analyze the decoupling relationship and spatio-temporal difference between the new urbanization level and eco-environmental pressure. The evaluation results showed that the new urbanization level of Mianyang city presented a slow but continuous rising trend in 2006-2015,whereas the eco-environmental pressure revealed a fluctuating increasing trend. In 2006,2010 and 2015,the new urbanization levels presented a trend of " one polarization" generally,which meant the level of Fucheng district was much higher than that of the other 8 districts and counties in Mianyang city. In 2006 and 2015,the eco-environmental pressures of most districts and counties in Mianyang city were at a high or moderate level. In 2010,the districts and counties with high and moderate eco-environmental pressures in Mianyang city were mainly distributed in the northwest part. From 2006 to2015,the new urbanization level and eco-environmental pressure of Mianyang city evolved from the dominant decoupling state to the decoupling-negative decoupling state. These research results can guide the government of Mianyang city in formulating new urbanization development strategies and facilitate the realization of coordinated development of urbanization and the eco-environment.
引文
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[19]苑清敏,邱静,秦聪聪.天津市经济增长与资源和环境的脱钩关系及反弹效应研究.资源科学,2014,36(5):954-962.
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[21]黎磊,任平,高勇.绵阳市县域城镇化与农村空心化空间分布特征及相关性研究.四川师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014 37(5):728-734.
[22]绵阳市统计局.绵阳统计年鉴2016. 2016.
[23]蒋溢.绵阳市生态环境与经济协调发展研究.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(3):131-135.
[24]卓德雄,曾献君.福建省新型城镇化质量评价及测度———基于Topsis改进的因子分析模型.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(2):221-229.
[25]王新越,宋飏,宋斐红,等.山东省新型城镇化的测度与空间分异研究.地理科学,2014,34(9):1069-1076.
[26]王海英.河南省城镇化时空格局及驱动力分析.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(3):104-109.
[27]王奎峰,李娜,于学峰,等.基于P-S-R概念模型的生态环境承载力评价指标体系研究———以山东半岛为例.环境科学学报,2014,34(8):2133-2139.
[28]郭娜,王伯铎,崔晨,等.榆林市生态环境承载力评价分析.中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(3):104-107.
[29]杨丽,孙之淳.基于熵值法的西部新型城镇化发展水平测评.经济问题,2015(3):115-119.
[30]王洋,方创琳,王振波.中国县域城镇化水平的综合评价及类型区划分.地理研究,2012,31(7):1305-1316.
[2]张引,杨庆媛,闵婕.重庆市新型城镇化质量与生态环境承载力耦合分析.地理学报,2016,71(5):817-828.
[3]方创琳.中国快速城市化过程中的资源环境保障问题与对策建议.中国科学院院刊,2009,24(5):468-474.
[4]方创琳,周成虎,顾朝林,等.特大城市群地区城镇化与生态环境交互耦合效应解析的理论框架及技术路径.地理学报,2016,71(4):531-550.
[5] Cui L,Shi J. Urbanization and its environmental effects in Shanghai,China. Urban Climate,2012(2):1-15.
[6]陈肖飞,郭建峰,姚士谋.长三角城市群新型城镇化与生态环境承载力耦合协调研究:基于利奥波德的大地伦理观思想.长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(4):715-724.
[7]崔木花.中原城市群9市城镇化与生态环境耦合协调关系.经济地理,2015,35(7):72-78.
[8]曹光辉,汪锋,张宗益,等.我国经济增长与环境污染关系研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2006,16(1):25-29.
[9] Ma L,jin F,Song Z,et al. Spatial coupling analysis of regional economic development and environmental pollution in China. Journal of Geographical Sciences,2013,23(3):525-537.
[10]鹿晨昱,王春娟,张子龙,等.陇东黄土高原地区资源消耗、环境污染与经济增长的耦合关系———以庆阳市为例.生态学杂志,2015,34(9):2681-2690.
[11]赵亚莉,刘友兆,龙开胜.城市土地开发强度变化的生态环境效应.中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(7):23-29.
[12]张理茜,蔡建明.生态环境脆弱地区城市化发展特征及城市发展路径选择流程研究.生态环境学报,2010,19(11):2764-2772.
[13]刘凯,任建兰,张理娟,等.人地关系视角下城镇化的资源环境承载力响应———以山东省为例.经济地理,2016,36(9):77-84.
[14]谭俊涛,张平宇,李静,等.吉林省城镇化与生态环境协调发展的时空演变特征.应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3827-3834.
[15]孙黄平,黄震方,徐冬冬,等.泛长三角城市群城镇化与生态环境耦合的空间特征与驱动机制.经济地理,2017,37(2):163-170.
[16]李兆富,刘红玉.基于“脱钩”理论的江苏省耕地占用与经济增长关系分析.农业工程学报,2013,29(13):237-243.
[17]钟太洋,黄贤金,王柏源.经济增长与建设用地扩张的脱钩分析.自然资源学报,2010,25(1):18-31.
[18]盖美,曹桂艳,田成诗,等.辽宁沿海经济带能源消费碳排放与区域经济增长脱钩分析.资源科学,2014,36(6):1267-1277.
[19]苑清敏,邱静,秦聪聪.天津市经济增长与资源和环境的脱钩关系及反弹效应研究.资源科学,2014,36(5):954-962.
[20]董廷旭,秦其明,王建华.近30年来绵阳市城市用地扩展模式研究.地理研究,2011,30(4):667-675.
[21]黎磊,任平,高勇.绵阳市县域城镇化与农村空心化空间分布特征及相关性研究.四川师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014 37(5):728-734.
[22]绵阳市统计局.绵阳统计年鉴2016. 2016.
[23]蒋溢.绵阳市生态环境与经济协调发展研究.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(3):131-135.
[24]卓德雄,曾献君.福建省新型城镇化质量评价及测度———基于Topsis改进的因子分析模型.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(2):221-229.
[25]王新越,宋飏,宋斐红,等.山东省新型城镇化的测度与空间分异研究.地理科学,2014,34(9):1069-1076.
[26]王海英.河南省城镇化时空格局及驱动力分析.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(3):104-109.
[27]王奎峰,李娜,于学峰,等.基于P-S-R概念模型的生态环境承载力评价指标体系研究———以山东半岛为例.环境科学学报,2014,34(8):2133-2139.
[28]郭娜,王伯铎,崔晨,等.榆林市生态环境承载力评价分析.中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(3):104-107.
[29]杨丽,孙之淳.基于熵值法的西部新型城镇化发展水平测评.经济问题,2015(3):115-119.
[30]王洋,方创琳,王振波.中国县域城镇化水平的综合评价及类型区划分.地理研究,2012,31(7):1305-1316.