2005—2017年武汉市突发公共卫生事件特征分析
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摘要
目的分析2005—2017年武汉市突发公共卫生事件特征,为突发公共卫生事件的防控提供科学依据。方法应用描述性流行病学方法,对国家"突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统"报告的2005—2017年武汉市突发公共卫生事件相关信息进行统计分析。结果武汉市2005—2017年共报告突发公共卫生事件185起,累计发病数5 273例,死亡18例,病死率0.34%。2008—2009年是事件报告的高峰,2010—2017年报告事件数明显减少。报告事件类型包括传染病事件(137起)、环境因素事件(42起)和突发中毒事件(6起),其中传染病事件累计报告的病例占病例总数的90.76%。45.41%的突发事件发生在学校,41.62%发生在家庭。结论突发事件以传染病事件为主,学校和家庭是事件发生的主要场所,应加强重点地区和人群的卫生和安全知识教育,进一步规范事件的处置和报告。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Wuhan during 2005 to 2017 and provide scientific reference for the prevention and control of public health emergencies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to statistically analyze the data on public health emergencies in Wuhan from 2005 to 2017 reported in the "National Management Information System for Public Health Emergencies". Results In 2015-2017, a total of 185 public health emergencies were reported in Wuhan. The cumulative number of cases was 5 273. There were 18 deaths, and the mortality rate was 0.34%. Public health emergency peaked between 2008-2009, and then declined dramatically from 2010 to 2017. The types of reported incidents included infectious disease events(137 cases), environmental factor events(42 cases), and sudden poisoning events(6 cases), of which the cumulative reported cases of infectious disease events accounted for 90.76% of the total cases. The majority of reported emergencies occurred in schools(45.41%) and families(41.62%). Conclusion The epidemic of infectious diseases was the main target of public health emergencies prevention and control, which mainly occurred in schools or families. It is necessary to strength the health and safety education in key areas and population, and further standardize the handling and reporting of incidents.
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Wuhan during 2005 to 2017 and provide scientific reference for the prevention and control of public health emergencies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to statistically analyze the data on public health emergencies in Wuhan from 2005 to 2017 reported in the "National Management Information System for Public Health Emergencies". Results In 2015-2017, a total of 185 public health emergencies were reported in Wuhan. The cumulative number of cases was 5 273. There were 18 deaths, and the mortality rate was 0.34%. Public health emergency peaked between 2008-2009, and then declined dramatically from 2010 to 2017. The types of reported incidents included infectious disease events(137 cases), environmental factor events(42 cases), and sudden poisoning events(6 cases), of which the cumulative reported cases of infectious disease events accounted for 90.76% of the total cases. The majority of reported emergencies occurred in schools(45.41%) and families(41.62%). Conclusion The epidemic of infectious diseases was the main target of public health emergencies prevention and control, which mainly occurred in schools or families. It is necessary to strength the health and safety education in key areas and population, and further standardize the handling and reporting of incidents.
引文
[ 1 ] 国务院.突发公共卫生事件应急条例(中华人民共和国国务院令第376号) [R].2003.
[ 2 ] WHO.Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) [R].28 May 2003.
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[ 5 ] 卫生应急办公室.国家突发公共卫生事件应急预案 [R].2005.
[ 6 ] 卫生部办公厅.关于印发《国家突发公共卫生事件相关信息报告管理工作规范(试行)》的通知(卫办应急发288号) [R].2005.
[ 7 ] 田滔滔,张慧琦,吴周志,等.2006—2016年宜昌市城区突发公共卫生事件特征分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2018,29(2) :97-99.
[ 8 ] WONG CS,LIN YC,Sung LC,et al.Increased long-term risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning:A population-based study in Taiwan[J].PLoS One.2017,12(4):e0176465
[ 9 ] 卫生应急办公室.非职业性一氧化碳中毒事件应急预案 [R].2008-1-16.
[10] 卫婷婷,姚永祥,梅良英.2005—2015年湖北省突发中毒事件特征分析 [J].公共卫生与预防医学,2016,27(6):52-55.
[11] 郑立国,官旭华,黄淑琼,等.湖北省2008—2014年突发公共卫生事件特征分析[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(4):521-523.
[12] 杨小兵,汪鹏,孔德广,等.武汉市人感染H7N9禽流感流行病特征及外环境H7亚型禽流感病毒监测分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2018,29(2):83-85.
[13] Dziuban EJ,Peacock G,Frogel M.A Child′s Health Is the Public′s Health:Progress and Gaps in Addressing Pediatric Needs in Public Health Emergencies [J].Am J Public Health,2017,107(S2):S134-S137.
[14] 潘娜,郭云昌,李薇薇,等.中国2002—2016年学校食物中毒暴发事件分析[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(7):1023-1025,1029.
[ 2 ] WHO.Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) [R].28 May 2003.
[ 3 ] PENG Y,XU YH,NIE SF,et al.Chinese urban-rural disparity in pandemic (H1N1) 2009 vaccination coverage rate and associated determinants:A cross-sectional telephone survey [J].Public Health,2013,127(10):930-937.
[ 4 ] Nasreen S,Khan SU,Luby SP,et al.Highly pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) virus infection among workers at live bird markets,Bangladesh,2009-2010 [J].Emerg Infect Dis,2015,21(4):629-637.
[ 5 ] 卫生应急办公室.国家突发公共卫生事件应急预案 [R].2005.
[ 6 ] 卫生部办公厅.关于印发《国家突发公共卫生事件相关信息报告管理工作规范(试行)》的通知(卫办应急发288号) [R].2005.
[ 7 ] 田滔滔,张慧琦,吴周志,等.2006—2016年宜昌市城区突发公共卫生事件特征分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2018,29(2) :97-99.
[ 8 ] WONG CS,LIN YC,Sung LC,et al.Increased long-term risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning:A population-based study in Taiwan[J].PLoS One.2017,12(4):e0176465
[ 9 ] 卫生应急办公室.非职业性一氧化碳中毒事件应急预案 [R].2008-1-16.
[10] 卫婷婷,姚永祥,梅良英.2005—2015年湖北省突发中毒事件特征分析 [J].公共卫生与预防医学,2016,27(6):52-55.
[11] 郑立国,官旭华,黄淑琼,等.湖北省2008—2014年突发公共卫生事件特征分析[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(4):521-523.
[12] 杨小兵,汪鹏,孔德广,等.武汉市人感染H7N9禽流感流行病特征及外环境H7亚型禽流感病毒监测分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2018,29(2):83-85.
[13] Dziuban EJ,Peacock G,Frogel M.A Child′s Health Is the Public′s Health:Progress and Gaps in Addressing Pediatric Needs in Public Health Emergencies [J].Am J Public Health,2017,107(S2):S134-S137.
[14] 潘娜,郭云昌,李薇薇,等.中国2002—2016年学校食物中毒暴发事件分析[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(7):1023-1025,1029.