山东省不同人群对待同性恋内隐外显态度的研究
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摘要
目的测量并比较不同年龄段人群对待同性恋的内隐和外显态度,以期发现当前性心理教育工作的侧重方向。方法招募自愿参加研究的初中生(12～15岁)、大学生(18～22岁)、中年人(45～50岁)被试各30名,采用同性恋态度量表及内隐联想测验(IAT)对被试对待同性恋的外显及内隐态度进行测量,并对所得数据进行统计分析。结果初中生、大学生及中年人被试的同性恋态度量表总分分别为(63.355±20.395)分、(64.194±20.056)分及(70.737±18.673)分,单因素方差分析结果发现:同性恋态度量表及其各个维度中人群的主效应均显著(P<0.05),进一步的事后检验发现,中年人被试的同性恋态度量表及其各个维度的得分均显著高于初中生被试及大学生被试(P<0.05)。初中生被试的IAT效应值为(359.686±168.961)ms,大学生被试的IAT效应值为(368.790±165.159)ms,中年人被试的IAT效应值为(362.468±170.143)ms,不同人群的IAT效应值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。此外,初中生、大学生及中年人的同性恋态度量表总分与IAT效应值的相关系数(r)分别为-0.058,-0.033及0.110,但均不显著(P>0.05)。结论性知识与性教育的宣传与普及不仅应该在学生群体中展开,更应该扩展到较高年龄段的群体。同时可利用新媒体平台,结合文字、图片与短视频等中年人更容易接受的形式,将性科学与性教育知识进行更好的传播。此外,在性知识与性心理教育的工作中,不能只注重宣传,应该提供机会,鼓励大家与同性恋者接触,从根本上扭转对同性恋者的刻板印象。
Objective To evaluate and compare the implicit and explicit attitudes towards homosexuality in different age groups,so as to determine the priorities of our current sex psychological education efforts.Methods Thirty junior high school students(aged 12 to 15 years),30 college students(aged 18 to 22 years),and 30 middle-aged adults(aged 45 to 50 years)voluntarily participated in this study.The attitudes toward homosexuality scale and Implicit Association Test(IAT)were used to evaluate the implicit and explicit attitudes of these participants towards homosexuality,and then data were collected and statistically analyzed.Results The total attitades toward homosexuality scale scores in junior high school students,college students,and middle-aged adults were63.355±20.395,64.194±20.056,and 70.737±18.673,respectively.The one-way analysis of variance showed that,the main effect of population was significant in the total attitades toward homosexuality scale score and its subscores(P<0.05).And further post-hoc test revealed that,middle-aged adults had significantly higher attitades toward homosexuality scale total score and its subscores compared with junior high school students and college students(P<0.05).The IAT effect sizes in junior high school students,college students,and middle-aged adults were 359.686±168.961 ms,368.790±165.159 ms,and 362.468±170.143 ms,respectively;the differences in this effect size were not statistically significant among these populations(P>0.05).In addition,the correlation coefficients(r)between the total attitades toward homosexuality scale score and IAT effect size were-0.058,-0.033,and 0.110 in junior high school students,college students,and middle-aged adults,respectively;but no statistical significance was observed(P>0.05).Conclusion Efforts to disseminate sex knowledge and promote sex education should be made in both student population and older age groups.Meanwhile,new media platforms,which may combine words,pictures and short videos,can be utilized for better dissemination of sex science and sex education knowledge in a more acceptable manner for middle-aged adults.Besides,in sex knowledge and sex psychological education efforts,it is important to focus not only on dissemination,but also provide opportunities and encourage contacts with lesbians and gays,which may help to fundamentally reverse the stereotype toward homosexuality.
Objective To evaluate and compare the implicit and explicit attitudes towards homosexuality in different age groups,so as to determine the priorities of our current sex psychological education efforts.Methods Thirty junior high school students(aged 12 to 15 years),30 college students(aged 18 to 22 years),and 30 middle-aged adults(aged 45 to 50 years)voluntarily participated in this study.The attitudes toward homosexuality scale and Implicit Association Test(IAT)were used to evaluate the implicit and explicit attitudes of these participants towards homosexuality,and then data were collected and statistically analyzed.Results The total attitades toward homosexuality scale scores in junior high school students,college students,and middle-aged adults were63.355±20.395,64.194±20.056,and 70.737±18.673,respectively.The one-way analysis of variance showed that,the main effect of population was significant in the total attitades toward homosexuality scale score and its subscores(P<0.05).And further post-hoc test revealed that,middle-aged adults had significantly higher attitades toward homosexuality scale total score and its subscores compared with junior high school students and college students(P<0.05).The IAT effect sizes in junior high school students,college students,and middle-aged adults were 359.686±168.961 ms,368.790±165.159 ms,and 362.468±170.143 ms,respectively;the differences in this effect size were not statistically significant among these populations(P>0.05).In addition,the correlation coefficients(r)between the total attitades toward homosexuality scale score and IAT effect size were-0.058,-0.033,and 0.110 in junior high school students,college students,and middle-aged adults,respectively;but no statistical significance was observed(P>0.05).Conclusion Efforts to disseminate sex knowledge and promote sex education should be made in both student population and older age groups.Meanwhile,new media platforms,which may combine words,pictures and short videos,can be utilized for better dissemination of sex science and sex education knowledge in a more acceptable manner for middle-aged adults.Besides,in sex knowledge and sex psychological education efforts,it is important to focus not only on dissemination,but also provide opportunities and encourage contacts with lesbians and gays,which may help to fundamentally reverse the stereotype toward homosexuality.
引文
[1]李银河.同性恋亚文化[M].北京:中国友谊出版公司,2002:9.
[2]弗洛伊德.精神分析引论[M].霍欣彤,译.北京:北京出版社,2012:162-167.
[3]张利宏,郑建中,张雪芬.健康教育理论在改变同性恋人群生存现状中的应用[J].山西医科大学学报,2007,38(1):89-93.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-6611.2007.01.029.
[4]党永辉,张继霆,鄢荣.刍议中国同性恋的立法[J].中国性科学,2005,14(9):14-16.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-1993.2005.09.005.
[5]中华医学会精神病科分会.中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(CCMD-3)[S].济南:山东科学技术出版社,2001:138-139.
[6]张铭清,林荔,黄艺娜,等.当代大学生对同性恋现象的认知和归因探究[J].保健医学研究与实践,2011,8(3):8-11.
[7]黄伟东.大学生内隐同性恋态度研究[D].广州:华南师范大学,2008.
[8]涂沅澄,陈学志.对同性恋内隐外显态度的比较研究[EB/OL].(2010-09-29)[2018-10-08].https://wenku.baidu.com/view/5392c3bfc77da26925c5b053.html.
[9] OHLANDER J,BATALOVA J,TREAS J.Explaining educational influences on attitudes toward homosexual relations[J].Soc Sci Res,2005,34(4):781-799.DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2004.12.004.
[10]郑维廉,袁义,钟虹绚,等.大学生对同性恋的外显与内隐态度新探[J].青年与社会,2013,522(12):25-27.
[11]盖彦君,王权红,盖红燕,等.当代大学生对同性恋者的态度研究[J].保健医学研究与实践,2013,10(1):60-62.
[12]第五昭婷.校园同性恋群体社会心理与行为调查[J].学理论,2014(18):57-60.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2589.2014.18.026.
[13]庾泳,肖水源,王希,等.长沙市两高校大学生对同性恋的态度研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(3):369-371.
[14]李鹤展,杨楚东.国内关于大学生对同性恋态度的研究[J].中国校外教育,2013(6):28-29.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-8502.2013.06.022.
[15]刘达临.社会学家的观点:中国婚姻家庭变迁[M].北京:中国社会出版社,1998:83.
[16]王晴锋.认同而不“出柜”——同性恋者生存现状的调查研究[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2011,28(4):142-153.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-508X.2011.04.017.
[17]冯浩.论同性恋者婚姻权[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.
[18]李银河.同性婚姻提案[EB/OL].(2007-01-26)[2018-10-08].http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_473d5336010007t1.html.
[2]弗洛伊德.精神分析引论[M].霍欣彤,译.北京:北京出版社,2012:162-167.
[3]张利宏,郑建中,张雪芬.健康教育理论在改变同性恋人群生存现状中的应用[J].山西医科大学学报,2007,38(1):89-93.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-6611.2007.01.029.
[4]党永辉,张继霆,鄢荣.刍议中国同性恋的立法[J].中国性科学,2005,14(9):14-16.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-1993.2005.09.005.
[5]中华医学会精神病科分会.中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(CCMD-3)[S].济南:山东科学技术出版社,2001:138-139.
[6]张铭清,林荔,黄艺娜,等.当代大学生对同性恋现象的认知和归因探究[J].保健医学研究与实践,2011,8(3):8-11.
[7]黄伟东.大学生内隐同性恋态度研究[D].广州:华南师范大学,2008.
[8]涂沅澄,陈学志.对同性恋内隐外显态度的比较研究[EB/OL].(2010-09-29)[2018-10-08].https://wenku.baidu.com/view/5392c3bfc77da26925c5b053.html.
[9] OHLANDER J,BATALOVA J,TREAS J.Explaining educational influences on attitudes toward homosexual relations[J].Soc Sci Res,2005,34(4):781-799.DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2004.12.004.
[10]郑维廉,袁义,钟虹绚,等.大学生对同性恋的外显与内隐态度新探[J].青年与社会,2013,522(12):25-27.
[11]盖彦君,王权红,盖红燕,等.当代大学生对同性恋者的态度研究[J].保健医学研究与实践,2013,10(1):60-62.
[12]第五昭婷.校园同性恋群体社会心理与行为调查[J].学理论,2014(18):57-60.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2589.2014.18.026.
[13]庾泳,肖水源,王希,等.长沙市两高校大学生对同性恋的态度研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(3):369-371.
[14]李鹤展,杨楚东.国内关于大学生对同性恋态度的研究[J].中国校外教育,2013(6):28-29.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-8502.2013.06.022.
[15]刘达临.社会学家的观点:中国婚姻家庭变迁[M].北京:中国社会出版社,1998:83.
[16]王晴锋.认同而不“出柜”——同性恋者生存现状的调查研究[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2011,28(4):142-153.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-508X.2011.04.017.
[17]冯浩.论同性恋者婚姻权[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.
[18]李银河.同性婚姻提案[EB/OL].(2007-01-26)[2018-10-08].http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_473d5336010007t1.html.