生物质炭和秸秆对土壤团聚体腐殖物质组成的影响
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摘要
添加生物质炭和秸秆都是增加土壤有机碳含量的有效方式,但二者在增加土壤腐殖物质组分的差异鲜有报道。为了解生物质炭和秸秆对土壤团聚体腐殖质组分及腐殖化程度的影响,通过180 d的室内培养试验研究施入秸秆及生物质炭后土壤团聚体腐殖质不同组分含量的变化。试验结果表明,施用秸秆及生物质炭均显著提高土壤大团聚体(2～0.25 mm)内腐殖物质的有机碳含量,随着培养时间的延长,大团聚体腐殖物质含量逐渐降低。整个培养期施用秸秆或生物质炭均以胡敏素增加为主,施用生物质炭胡敏素含量更高。表明施用生物质炭和秸秆首先增加土壤大团聚体腐殖物质含量,随着时间延长腐殖物质向微团聚体转移,并且胡敏素是增加的主要组分,施加生物质炭效果较施加秸秆更为明显。随着培养时间延长,添加生物质炭后大团聚体土壤HE和HA的E4/E6值增高,而添加秸秆土壤HE和HA的E4/E6值降低。研究结果认为,在短期内,施加生物质炭及秸秆可提高土壤腐殖化程度,可以提高土壤不同粒级团聚体腐殖质有机碳含量,且施加生物质碳和秸秆对增加大团聚体(2～0.25 mm)腐殖物质有机碳含量效果较微团聚体(<0.25 mm)更为明显。添加生物质炭后大团聚体土壤HE和HA逐渐简单化,而添加秸秆土壤HE和HA逐渐复杂化。
Biochar and straw are both effective ways to increase soil organic carbon content, but there are few reports on the differences between the two components in increasing soil humic substances. In order to understand the effects of biochar and straw on the humus composition and humification degree of soil aggregates, the changes of the content of different components of soil aggregate humus after applying straw and biochar were studied by the 180-d indoor culture experiment. The results showed that the application of straw and biochar significantly increased the organic carbon content of humic substances in macro aggregates(the soil particle size as 2～0.25 mm) from soil. With the increase of culture time, the content of humus in macro aggregates gradually decreased. The use of straw or biochar during the entire cultivation period mainly increased the humin content, especialy the use of biochar. The results indicated that the application of biochar and straw firstly increased the content of humus in soil macro aggregates, and then the humic substances migrated into micro aggregates with the time prolongation;humin was the main component of the increase,and the application of biochar was more effective than the application of straw. With the prolongation of culture time, the E4/E6 of HE and HA in the macro agglomerate soil increased after the addition of biochar, but decreased in soil added with straw. The results suggested that in the short term, the application of biochar and straw could increase the degree of soil humification. The application of biochar and straw could increase the organic carbon content of humus at different soil particle sizes, and the effect of applying biochar and straw on increasing the organic carbon content of humic substances in macro aggregates(2～0.25 mm) was more obvious than that in micro aggregates(<0.25 mm). The HE and HA of the macro agglomerates in soil gradually became simple after the addition of biochar, but gradually became more complicated in soil added with straw.
Biochar and straw are both effective ways to increase soil organic carbon content, but there are few reports on the differences between the two components in increasing soil humic substances. In order to understand the effects of biochar and straw on the humus composition and humification degree of soil aggregates, the changes of the content of different components of soil aggregate humus after applying straw and biochar were studied by the 180-d indoor culture experiment. The results showed that the application of straw and biochar significantly increased the organic carbon content of humic substances in macro aggregates(the soil particle size as 2～0.25 mm) from soil. With the increase of culture time, the content of humus in macro aggregates gradually decreased. The use of straw or biochar during the entire cultivation period mainly increased the humin content, especialy the use of biochar. The results indicated that the application of biochar and straw firstly increased the content of humus in soil macro aggregates, and then the humic substances migrated into micro aggregates with the time prolongation;humin was the main component of the increase,and the application of biochar was more effective than the application of straw. With the prolongation of culture time, the E4/E6 of HE and HA in the macro agglomerate soil increased after the addition of biochar, but decreased in soil added with straw. The results suggested that in the short term, the application of biochar and straw could increase the degree of soil humification. The application of biochar and straw could increase the organic carbon content of humus at different soil particle sizes, and the effect of applying biochar and straw on increasing the organic carbon content of humic substances in macro aggregates(2～0.25 mm) was more obvious than that in micro aggregates(<0.25 mm). The HE and HA of the macro agglomerates in soil gradually became simple after the addition of biochar, but gradually became more complicated in soil added with straw.
引文
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[11] 柯跃进, 胡学玉, 易卿, 等. 水稻秸秆生物炭对耕地土壤有机碳及其CO2释放的影响[J].环境科学, 2014, 35(1):93-99.
[12] Asai H,Samon B K,Stephan H M,et al.Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos l.Soil physical properties,leaf SPAD and grain yield[J].Field Crops Research,2009,111(1/2):81-84.
[13] 董珊珊, 窦森, 邵满娇,等.秸秆深还不同年限对黑土腐殖质组成和胡敏酸结构特征的影响[J].土壤学报, 2017,54(1): 150-159.
[14] 张艳鸿, 窦森, 董珊珊,等.秸秆深还田及配施化肥对土壤腐殖质组成和胡敏酸结构的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2016,53 (3):694-702.
[15] 崔婷婷, 窦森, 杨轶囡,等.秸秆深还田对土壤腐殖质组成和胡敏酸结构特征的影响[J]. 土壤学报,2014,51(4):718-725.
[16] Six J, Elliott E T ,Paustian K,et al.Aggregation and soil organic matter accumulation in cultivated and native grassland soils[J]. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 1998, 62:1367-1377.
[17] 窦森,于水强,张晋京.不同CO2浓度对玉米秸秆分解期间土壤腐殖质形成的影响[J].土壤学报,2007,44(3) :459-465.
[18] 劳家柽.土壤农化分析手册[M].北京: 农业出版社,1988:241-297.
[19] Song X, Liu S, Liu Q, et al. Carbon sequestration in soilhumic substances under long-term fertilization in a wheat-maize system from North China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2014,13: 562-569.
[20] 陈兰, 唐晓红, 魏朝富.土壤腐殖质结构的光谱学研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2007, 23(8):233-239.
[21] 邱敬,高人,杨玉盛,等.土壤黑碳的研究进展[J]. 亚热带资源与环境学报,2009,4(1):88-94.
[22] Wang C,Tu Q P,Dong D,et al. Spectroscopic evidence for biochar amendment promoting humic acid synthesis and intensifying humification during composting[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,280: 409-416.
[23] 袁金华, 徐仁扣. 生物质炭的性质及其对土壤环境功能影响的研究进展[J]. 生态环境学报, 2011, 20(4):779-785.
[24] Hamer U, Marschner B, Brodowski S, et al. Interactive priming of black carbon and glucose mineralization[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2004, 35(7):823-830.
[25] 范分良, 黄平容, 唐勇军, 等.微生物群落对土壤微生物呼吸速率及其温度敏感性的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2012, 33(3):932-937.
[26] 俞巧钢,杨艳,邹平,等.有机物料对稻田土壤团聚体及有机碳分布的影响[J]. 水土保持学报,2017,31(6):171-175.
[27] Bongiovanni M D, Lobartini J C. Particulate organic matter, carbohydrate, humic acid contents in soil macro- and microaggregates as affected by cultivation[J]. Geoderma, 2006, 136: 660-665.
[28] 窦森,郝翔翔.黑土团聚体与颗粒中碳、氮含量及腐殖质组成的比较[J]. 中国农业科学,2013,46(5):970-977.
[29] 窦森,张晋京,Lichtfouse E,等.用δ13C方法研究玉米秸秆分解期间土壤有机质数量动态变化[J]. 土壤学报,2003,40(3):328-334.
[30] 周桂玉,窦森,刘世杰.生物质炭结构性质及其对土壤有效养分和腐殖质组成的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(10):2075-2080.
[31] 王波,刘德军,姚军,等.泥炭土中腐殖酸的提纯和表征研究[J].辐射防护,2009,29(3):172-180.
[2] 何玉亭,王昌全,沈杰.两种生物质炭对红壤团聚体结构稳定性和微生物群落的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(12):2333-2342.
[3] 周萍,宋国菡,潘根兴,等.南方3种典型水稻土长期试验下有机碳积累机制研究Ⅰ团聚体物理保护作用[J].土壤学报,2008,45(6):1063-1071.
[4] Puget P,Chenu C,Balesdent J.Total young organic matter distributions in aggregates of silly cultivated soil[J].Eur. Soil Sci.,1995,46:449-459.
[5] Besnard E,Chenu C,Balesdent J.Fate of particulate organic mater in soil aggregates during cultivation[J].Eur.Soil Sci.,1996,47:495-503.
[6] 梁尧,韩晓增,丁雪丽,等.不同有机肥输入量对黑土密度分组中碳、氮分配的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(1):174-178.
[7] YinY,Wang L,Liang C H,et al.Soil aggregate stability and iron aluminium oxide contents under different fertilizer treatments in a long-term solar green-house experiment[J].Pedosphere,2016,26(5):760-767.
[8] Demisie W, Liu Z Y, Zhang M K. Effect of biochar on carbon fractions and enzyme activity of red soil[J]. Catena, 2014, 121: 214-221.
[9] Obia A, Mulder J, Martinsen V, et al. In situ effects of biochar on aggregation, water retention and porosity in light-textured tropical soils[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2016, 155: 35-44.
[10] 孟凡荣,窦森,尹显宝,等.施用玉米秸秆生物质炭对黑土腐殖质组成和胡敏酸结构特征的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(1):122-128.
[11] 柯跃进, 胡学玉, 易卿, 等. 水稻秸秆生物炭对耕地土壤有机碳及其CO2释放的影响[J].环境科学, 2014, 35(1):93-99.
[12] Asai H,Samon B K,Stephan H M,et al.Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos l.Soil physical properties,leaf SPAD and grain yield[J].Field Crops Research,2009,111(1/2):81-84.
[13] 董珊珊, 窦森, 邵满娇,等.秸秆深还不同年限对黑土腐殖质组成和胡敏酸结构特征的影响[J].土壤学报, 2017,54(1): 150-159.
[14] 张艳鸿, 窦森, 董珊珊,等.秸秆深还田及配施化肥对土壤腐殖质组成和胡敏酸结构的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2016,53 (3):694-702.
[15] 崔婷婷, 窦森, 杨轶囡,等.秸秆深还田对土壤腐殖质组成和胡敏酸结构特征的影响[J]. 土壤学报,2014,51(4):718-725.
[16] Six J, Elliott E T ,Paustian K,et al.Aggregation and soil organic matter accumulation in cultivated and native grassland soils[J]. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 1998, 62:1367-1377.
[17] 窦森,于水强,张晋京.不同CO2浓度对玉米秸秆分解期间土壤腐殖质形成的影响[J].土壤学报,2007,44(3) :459-465.
[18] 劳家柽.土壤农化分析手册[M].北京: 农业出版社,1988:241-297.
[19] Song X, Liu S, Liu Q, et al. Carbon sequestration in soilhumic substances under long-term fertilization in a wheat-maize system from North China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2014,13: 562-569.
[20] 陈兰, 唐晓红, 魏朝富.土壤腐殖质结构的光谱学研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2007, 23(8):233-239.
[21] 邱敬,高人,杨玉盛,等.土壤黑碳的研究进展[J]. 亚热带资源与环境学报,2009,4(1):88-94.
[22] Wang C,Tu Q P,Dong D,et al. Spectroscopic evidence for biochar amendment promoting humic acid synthesis and intensifying humification during composting[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,280: 409-416.
[23] 袁金华, 徐仁扣. 生物质炭的性质及其对土壤环境功能影响的研究进展[J]. 生态环境学报, 2011, 20(4):779-785.
[24] Hamer U, Marschner B, Brodowski S, et al. Interactive priming of black carbon and glucose mineralization[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2004, 35(7):823-830.
[25] 范分良, 黄平容, 唐勇军, 等.微生物群落对土壤微生物呼吸速率及其温度敏感性的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2012, 33(3):932-937.
[26] 俞巧钢,杨艳,邹平,等.有机物料对稻田土壤团聚体及有机碳分布的影响[J]. 水土保持学报,2017,31(6):171-175.
[27] Bongiovanni M D, Lobartini J C. Particulate organic matter, carbohydrate, humic acid contents in soil macro- and microaggregates as affected by cultivation[J]. Geoderma, 2006, 136: 660-665.
[28] 窦森,郝翔翔.黑土团聚体与颗粒中碳、氮含量及腐殖质组成的比较[J]. 中国农业科学,2013,46(5):970-977.
[29] 窦森,张晋京,Lichtfouse E,等.用δ13C方法研究玉米秸秆分解期间土壤有机质数量动态变化[J]. 土壤学报,2003,40(3):328-334.
[30] 周桂玉,窦森,刘世杰.生物质炭结构性质及其对土壤有效养分和腐殖质组成的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(10):2075-2080.
[31] 王波,刘德军,姚军,等.泥炭土中腐殖酸的提纯和表征研究[J].辐射防护,2009,29(3):172-180.