卡尔曼滤波算法在时差滤波中的应用
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摘要
超声波热量表是对热量进行检测的装置。现有的超声波热量表在计量方面存在些许不足,如时差滤波误差较大,小流量点测量不稳定等。针对这些问题,提出一种较为实用的滤波方法——改进的卡尔曼滤波法对时差进行滤波。对于检测到的时差数据用卡尔曼滤波算法进行滤波,用MATLAB进行仿真,并通过实验同常用的算数平均法时差滤波进行对比。实验发现下载有卡尔曼滤波算法程序的超声波热量表误差稳定且精度较高,下载有算术平均值算法程序的超声波热量表在小流量点的测量误差虽然在允许范围内,但浮动较大。由此可以证明该方法能够改进现有的滤波技术,在超声波热量表的时差滤波方面有较大优势。
Ultrasonic calorimeter is a device for measuring heat. The existing ultrasonic calorimeter has some shortcomings in metrology, such as large error in time difference filtering, unstable measurement of small flow point and so on. To solve these problems, a practical filtering method is proposed in this paper: the improved Kalman filtering method is used to filter the time difference. The Kalman filter algorithm is used to filter the detected time difference data, and the simulation is carried out by MATLAB, and the comparison is made between the experiment and the arithmetic mean time difference filter. It is found that the error of the ultrasonic heat meter which downloads the Kalman filter algorithm is stable and the accuracy is high; the measurement error of the ultrasonic heat meter with arithmetic average algorithm in the small flow point is within the allowable range, but it fluctuate greatly. It can be proved that this method has a great advantage in the time difference filtering of ultrasonic calorimeter.
Ultrasonic calorimeter is a device for measuring heat. The existing ultrasonic calorimeter has some shortcomings in metrology, such as large error in time difference filtering, unstable measurement of small flow point and so on. To solve these problems, a practical filtering method is proposed in this paper: the improved Kalman filtering method is used to filter the time difference. The Kalman filter algorithm is used to filter the detected time difference data, and the simulation is carried out by MATLAB, and the comparison is made between the experiment and the arithmetic mean time difference filter. It is found that the error of the ultrasonic heat meter which downloads the Kalman filter algorithm is stable and the accuracy is high; the measurement error of the ultrasonic heat meter with arithmetic average algorithm in the small flow point is within the allowable range, but it fluctuate greatly. It can be proved that this method has a great advantage in the time difference filtering of ultrasonic calorimeter.
引文
[1] 刘二根,王广超,朱旭生.MATLAB与数学实验[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2014.
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[14] 李志国, 李旭明, 王运锋. 一种改进的扩展卡尔曼滤波[J]. 现代电子技术, 2016, 39(2):9-11.
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[2] 周人,何衍庆.流量测量和控制实用手册[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社,2013.
[3] 刘贺明.供热计量改革的进展和思考[J].建设科技,2011(8):16-17.
[4] 李芳,戚振东.超声波流量测量时差改进卡尔曼滤波[J].科技信息,2011(5):484-485.
[5] 马超.基于超声波的智能型热量表的研究[D].石家庄:河北科技大学,2012.
[6] 张玉龙,王茁,杨巍.基于极大似然估计的新息自适应滤波算法[J].传感器与微系统,2018,37(1):141-144.
[7] 李雅梅,康璐璐.多新息抗差——自适应卡尔曼滤波定位算法研究[J].传感器与微系统,2017,36(9):38-40,44.
[8] 李芳,戚振东.超声波流量测量时差改进卡尔曼滤波[J].科技信息,2011(5):484-485.
[9] 刘慕双,山红伟,李鹏飞.微功耗超声波流量计的开发及应用[J].石油机械,2010,38(12):80-82.
[10] 高伟,叶攀,许伟通.改进的自适应衰减卡尔曼滤波算法[J].计算机测量与控制,2016,24(8):190-192,205.
[11] 谢治州, 罗晓宾, 严忠权. 基于MATLAB网络数学实验室的构建[J]. 黔南民族师范学院学报, 2010, 30(6):9-15.
[12] 包守亮,程水英,许登荣.基于后验量测修正的卡尔曼滤波算法[J].探测与控制学报,2017,39(6):78-83.
[13] 张文杰.非线性卡尔曼滤波器改进与应用[D].重庆:西南大学,2017.
[14] 李志国, 李旭明, 王运锋. 一种改进的扩展卡尔曼滤波[J]. 现代电子技术, 2016, 39(2):9-11.
[15] 费腾,张立毅.MATLAB在模拟滤波器实验教学中的应用[J].高校实验室工作研究,2015(4):52-54.