GBAS基准站布设方案设计与评估方法
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摘要
地基增强系统(GBAS)基准站的布设方式会直接影响系统精度与完好性,且与机场环境、卫星星座以及当地电离层活动情况密切相关。然而,美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)发布的GBAS选址标准只是给出了基准站布设的基本要求,没有深入考虑上述因素的影响。因此,GBAS基准站布设方案设计与评估方法需要进一步研究。首先,基于采集数据比较分析了5个机场典型GBAS基准站布设和伪距校正误差标准差。然后,结合理论和仿真研究了基准站个数对GBAS性能的影响,以及基线长度对星历故障监视和异常电离层梯度监视性能的影响。最后,提出一种GBAS基准站布设方案设计和评估方法,并辅以V型跑道的4个方案示例,为根据机场实际情况、GBAS星历故障监视和异常电离层梯度监视实际需求等设计和选择合适的方案提供参考。
The layout of ground-based augmentation system( GBAS) reference stations will directly impact the accuracy and integrity performance of GBAS,and it is closely related to the airport conditions,the satellite constellations used and the local ionospheric environment. However,the published documents such as Federal Aviation Administration( FAA) GBAS siting order only give basic requirements of reference station layout and do not deeply take the impact of the above points into account. Therefore,the study on design and evaluation strategy for GBAS reference station layout is very important. By comparing the different GBAS reference station layouts and the broadcast pseudorange correction error standard deviations of five airports based on collected data,analyzing the impact of the number of reference stations on the GBAS protection levels,and studying the impact of baseline length on the performance of ephemeris fault monitor and anomalous ionospheric gradient monitor,a design and evaluation strategy for GBAS reference station layout is proposed,which is supplemented by four sample schemes for V-shape runways. The proposed strategy can provide a reference for the design and determination of appropriate layouts based on specific airport conditions and the requirements of ephemeris fault monitor and anomalous ionospheric gradient monitor.
The layout of ground-based augmentation system( GBAS) reference stations will directly impact the accuracy and integrity performance of GBAS,and it is closely related to the airport conditions,the satellite constellations used and the local ionospheric environment. However,the published documents such as Federal Aviation Administration( FAA) GBAS siting order only give basic requirements of reference station layout and do not deeply take the impact of the above points into account. Therefore,the study on design and evaluation strategy for GBAS reference station layout is very important. By comparing the different GBAS reference station layouts and the broadcast pseudorange correction error standard deviations of five airports based on collected data,analyzing the impact of the number of reference stations on the GBAS protection levels,and studying the impact of baseline length on the performance of ephemeris fault monitor and anomalous ionospheric gradient monitor,a design and evaluation strategy for GBAS reference station layout is proposed,which is supplemented by four sample schemes for V-shape runways. The proposed strategy can provide a reference for the design and determination of appropriate layouts based on specific airport conditions and the requirements of ephemeris fault monitor and anomalous ionospheric gradient monitor.
引文
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[16]KHANAFSEH S,PULLEN S,WARBURTON J.Carrier phase ionospheric gradient ground monitor for GBAS with experimental validation[J].Navigation,2012,59(1):51-60.
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[18]PULLEN S,PARK Y S,ENGE P.Impact and mitigation of ionospheric anomalies on ground-based augmentation of GNSS[J].Radio Science,2016,44(1):1-10.
[19]LUO M,PULLEN S,WALTER T,et al.Ionosphere spatial gradient threat for LAAS:Mitigation and tolerable threat space[C]∥Proceedings of the National Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation.San Diego,CA:ION,2004:490-501.
[20]ICAO NSP.GAST D siting issues paper:WP/34 Agenda 1[R].Montreal:ICAO,2010.
[21]HARRIS M,MURPHY T,SAITO S.Further validation of GASTD ionospheric anomaly mitigations[C]∥Proceedings of the International Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation.Manassas,VA:ION,2011,8034(6):942-949.
[22]DATTA-BARUA S,LEE J,PULLEN S,et al.Ionospheric threat parameterization for local area GPS-based aircraft landing systems[J].Journal of Aircraft,2010,47(7):1141-1151.
[23]KIM M,CHOI Y,JUN H S,et al.GBAS ionospheric threat model assessment for category I operation in the Korean region[J].GPS Solutions,2015,19(3):443-456.
[24]ICAO NSP/3.GBAS MC/DF verification exercises preliminary results:IP/14 Agenda 3[R].Montreal:ICAO,2016.
[25]ICAO NSP/3.Assessment of GNSS repeater impact on GBAS:WP/17 Agenda 3[R].Montreal:ICAO,2016.
[26]BELABBAS B,REMI P,MEURER M,et al.Absolute slant ionosphere gradient monitor for GAST-D:Issues and opportunities[C]∥Proceedings of the International Technical Meeting of The Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation.Manassas,VA:ION,2011:2993-3002.
[27]WANG Z,WANG S,ZHU Y,et al.Assessment of ionospheric gradient impacts on ground-based augmentation system(GBAS)data in Guangdong province,China[J].Sensors,2017,17(10):2313.
[2]ICAO NSP.Report of the meeting of the GBAS WG(GWG):NSP3 Agenda 1[R].Montreal:ICAO,2016.
[3]GRATTON L R.Orbit ephemeris monitors for category I local area augmentation of GPS[D].Chicago:Illinois Institute of Technology,2003.
[4]ICAO NSP/4-WP/18.Proposed change to ICAO DOC 9157Part 6 to facilitate GBAS ground subsystem siting:NSP4 Agenda3[R].Montreal:ICAO,2017.
[5]FAA.Siting criteria for ground based augmentation system(GBAS):6884.1[S].Washington,D.C.:FAA,2010.
[6]SESAR.Ground architecture and airport installation:D04 03.00.00[R].Ragusa:SESAR,2013.
[7]FAA.Ground based augmentation system performance analysis and activities report:Quarter 1-2016[R].Washington,D.C.:FAA,2016.
[8]DAUTERMANN T,FELUX M,GROSCH A.Approach service type D evaluation of the DLR GBAS testbed[J].GPS Solutions,2012,16(3):375-387.
[9]RTCA.Minimum operational performance standards for GPS local area augmentation system airborne equipment:DO-253C[S].Washington,D.C.:RTCA,2008.
[10]RTCA.Minimum aviation system performance standards for the local area augmentation system(LAAS):DO-245A[S].Washington,D.C.:RTCA,2004.
[11]WANG Z,MACABIAU C,ZHANG J,et al.Prediction and analysis of GBAS integrity monitoring availability at LinZhi airport[J].GPS Solutions,2014,18(1):27-40.
[12]RTCA.GNSS-based precision approach local area augmentation system(LAAS)signal-in-space interface control document(ICD):DO-246D[S].Washington,D.C.:RTCA,2008.
[13]PERVAN B,GRATTON L.Orbit ephemeris monitors for local area differential GPS[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace&Electronic Systems,2005,41(2):449-460.
[14]ICAO NSP.Preliminary review of proposed amendments to Annex 10,Volume I:Item No.20403[R].Montreal:ICAO,2017.
[15]AHN J,LEE Y J,WON D H,et al.Orbit ephemeris failure detection in a GNSS regional application[J].International Journal of Aeronautical&Space Sciences,2015,16(1):89-101.
[16]KHANAFSEH S,PULLEN S,WARBURTON J.Carrier phase ionospheric gradient ground monitor for GBAS with experimental validation[J].Navigation,2012,59(1):51-60.
[17]SHIVELY C A.Preliminary analysis of requirements for CATIIIB LAAS[C]∥Proceedings of Annual Meeting of the Institute of Navigation.Albuquerque,NM:ION,2001:705-714.
[18]PULLEN S,PARK Y S,ENGE P.Impact and mitigation of ionospheric anomalies on ground-based augmentation of GNSS[J].Radio Science,2016,44(1):1-10.
[19]LUO M,PULLEN S,WALTER T,et al.Ionosphere spatial gradient threat for LAAS:Mitigation and tolerable threat space[C]∥Proceedings of the National Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation.San Diego,CA:ION,2004:490-501.
[20]ICAO NSP.GAST D siting issues paper:WP/34 Agenda 1[R].Montreal:ICAO,2010.
[21]HARRIS M,MURPHY T,SAITO S.Further validation of GASTD ionospheric anomaly mitigations[C]∥Proceedings of the International Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation.Manassas,VA:ION,2011,8034(6):942-949.
[22]DATTA-BARUA S,LEE J,PULLEN S,et al.Ionospheric threat parameterization for local area GPS-based aircraft landing systems[J].Journal of Aircraft,2010,47(7):1141-1151.
[23]KIM M,CHOI Y,JUN H S,et al.GBAS ionospheric threat model assessment for category I operation in the Korean region[J].GPS Solutions,2015,19(3):443-456.
[24]ICAO NSP/3.GBAS MC/DF verification exercises preliminary results:IP/14 Agenda 3[R].Montreal:ICAO,2016.
[25]ICAO NSP/3.Assessment of GNSS repeater impact on GBAS:WP/17 Agenda 3[R].Montreal:ICAO,2016.
[26]BELABBAS B,REMI P,MEURER M,et al.Absolute slant ionosphere gradient monitor for GAST-D:Issues and opportunities[C]∥Proceedings of the International Technical Meeting of The Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation.Manassas,VA:ION,2011:2993-3002.
[27]WANG Z,WANG S,ZHU Y,et al.Assessment of ionospheric gradient impacts on ground-based augmentation system(GBAS)data in Guangdong province,China[J].Sensors,2017,17(10):2313.