“稻清”减轻水稻穗期高温伤害的原因分析
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摘要
以粳型杂交稻品种常优1号为供试材料,于抽穗开花期进行高温处理,同时设置稻清不同药剂浓度处理,研究了高温条件下喷施该药剂后水稻产量及其构成的变化,并分析了其影响机理。结果表明,高温胁迫显著降低了水稻结实率和千粒重,因而显著降低产量。无论是高温胁迫还是在常温条件下,喷施稻清均显著增加了水稻结实率和千粒重,显著增加产量。稻清处理主要通过降低穗部温度,提高颖花中抗氧化酶类活性,进而有效清除活性氧自由基等过氧化物,提高花粉粒育性、促进花药开裂和花粉粒萌发,最终提高受精结实率和粒重,显著降低高温带来的减产效应。
In order to find out the effects of the agent "Daoqing"on grain yield and its components of rice under heat stress, an experiment was conducted by using japonica hybrid rice Changyou 1 as material. The heat stress treatment was applied at the flowering stage, and meanwhile the agent was sprayed with different concentrations. The results showed that, heat stress significantly decreased the seed setting rate, grain weight and grain yield of rice. The agent "Daoqing"significantly increased the seed setting rate, grain weight and grain yield whether under normal or heat stress condition. The increased grain yield was mainly due to the decreased panicle temperature, increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, the decreased reactive oxygen species and peroxides. Moreover, the fertil-ity and germination of pollen was increased, slip of the anther was enhanced, and finally resulted in the reduced damage of heat stress to rice production.
In order to find out the effects of the agent "Daoqing"on grain yield and its components of rice under heat stress, an experiment was conducted by using japonica hybrid rice Changyou 1 as material. The heat stress treatment was applied at the flowering stage, and meanwhile the agent was sprayed with different concentrations. The results showed that, heat stress significantly decreased the seed setting rate, grain weight and grain yield of rice. The agent "Daoqing"significantly increased the seed setting rate, grain weight and grain yield whether under normal or heat stress condition. The increased grain yield was mainly due to the decreased panicle temperature, increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, the decreased reactive oxygen species and peroxides. Moreover, the fertil-ity and germination of pollen was increased, slip of the anther was enhanced, and finally resulted in the reduced damage of heat stress to rice production.
引文
[1]石春林,骆宗强,江敏,等.减数分裂期高温对水稻穗粒数影响的定量分析[J].中国水稻科学,2017,31(6):658-664.
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[4]Zhang C,Fu G,Yang X,et al.Heat stress effects are stronger on spikelets than on flag leaves in rice due to differences in dissipation capacity[J].J Agro Crop Sci,2015,doi:10.1111/jac.12138.
[5]王学奎.植物生理生化试验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:167-170.
[6]Berry J,Bjorkman O.Photosynthetic response and adaptation to temperature in higher plants[J].Ann Rev Plant Physiol,1980,31:491-543.
[7]赵世杰,许长成,邹琦,等.植物组织中丙二醛测定方法的改进[J].植物生理学通讯,1994,30(3):207-210.
[8]张桂莲,陈立云,张顺堂,等.高温胁迫对水稻花器官和产量构成要素及稻米品质的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2007,33(2):132-136.
[9]郑建初,盛婧,汤日圣,等.南京和安庆地区高温发生规律及高温对水稻结实率的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2007,23(1):1-4.
[10]王贺正,马均,李旭毅,等.水分胁迫对水稻结实期活性氧产生和保护系统的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(7):1 379-1 387.
[2]符冠富,张彩霞,杨雪芹,等.水杨酸减轻高温抑制水稻颖花分化的作用机理研究[J].中国水稻科学,2015,29(6):637-647.
[3]Fu G,Feng B,Zhang C,et al.Heat stress is more damaging to superior spikelets than inferiors of rice(Oryza sativa L.)due to their different organ temperatures[J].Front Plant Sci,2016,doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.01637.
[4]Zhang C,Fu G,Yang X,et al.Heat stress effects are stronger on spikelets than on flag leaves in rice due to differences in dissipation capacity[J].J Agro Crop Sci,2015,doi:10.1111/jac.12138.
[5]王学奎.植物生理生化试验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:167-170.
[6]Berry J,Bjorkman O.Photosynthetic response and adaptation to temperature in higher plants[J].Ann Rev Plant Physiol,1980,31:491-543.
[7]赵世杰,许长成,邹琦,等.植物组织中丙二醛测定方法的改进[J].植物生理学通讯,1994,30(3):207-210.
[8]张桂莲,陈立云,张顺堂,等.高温胁迫对水稻花器官和产量构成要素及稻米品质的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2007,33(2):132-136.
[9]郑建初,盛婧,汤日圣,等.南京和安庆地区高温发生规律及高温对水稻结实率的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2007,23(1):1-4.
[10]王贺正,马均,李旭毅,等.水分胁迫对水稻结实期活性氧产生和保护系统的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(7):1 379-1 387.