海州湾及邻近海域鱼类群落的营养功能群及其动态变化
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摘要
根据2011年及2013―2016年春季和秋季在海州湾及邻近海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查,对该海域鱼类群落营养功能群的组成及其季节和年间变化进行了研究。结果表明,海州湾及邻近海域鱼类群落可以划分为5个营养功能群,即虾食性、底栖动物食性、虾/鱼食性、浮游动物食性和鱼食性。整体来说,春季海州湾鱼类群落以底栖动物食性营养功能群为主,其中方氏云鳚(Enedriasfangi)在各年所占比例均较高;而秋季以虾食性营养功能群为主,小眼绿鳍鱼(Chelidonichthys kumu)为主要优势鱼种。从生物量组成角度分析,海州湾鱼类群落各营养功能群所占比例有明显差异,以虾食性和底栖动物食性的功能群为主,其次为虾/鱼食性,而浮游动物食性和鱼食性所占比例较小。方氏云鳚、小眼绿鳍鱼、长蛇鲻(Saurida elongata)、小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)、狮子鱼(Liparis sp.)、玉筋鱼(Ammodytespersonatus)等6种鱼类为各营养功能群的主要优势种类。海州湾及邻近海域鱼类群落的营养功能群和优势种呈现出明显的季节和年间变化,海洋环境变化和鱼类的季节性洄游移动等是主要的影响因素。
Based on the samples collected from bottom trawl surveys in Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters during spring and autumn in 2011 and 2013–2016, the composition of and variation in the trophic guilds of the fish community were studied. The results showed that the fish community comprised 5 trophic guilds, including shrimp predators, benthivores, shrimp/fish predators, zooplanktivores, and piscivores. The fish communities in Haizhou Bay and adjacent areas were dominated by the benthivore functional group in spring, and the proportion of Fang's gunnel(Enedrias fangi) was higher than other species. In autumn, shrimp predators were the dominant trophic guild, with red gurnard(Chelidonichthys kumu) being the dominant species. From the perspective of biomass composition, the proportions of functional groups of the fish community in Haizhou Bay showed significant differences. The main functional groups were shrimp predators and benthivores, followed by shrimp/fish predators, while the zooplanktivores and piscivores functional groups were relatively sparse. The dominant species of these trophic guilds were 6 fish species: Fang's gunnel, red gurnard, lizardfish(Saurida elongata), small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis), lionfish(Liparis sp.), and jade fish(Ammodytes personatus). The trophic guilds and dominant species of the fish communities in Haizhou Bay in spring and autumn of each year varied greatly, mainly due to the impacts of environmental variations and fish migrations in this area.
Based on the samples collected from bottom trawl surveys in Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters during spring and autumn in 2011 and 2013–2016, the composition of and variation in the trophic guilds of the fish community were studied. The results showed that the fish community comprised 5 trophic guilds, including shrimp predators, benthivores, shrimp/fish predators, zooplanktivores, and piscivores. The fish communities in Haizhou Bay and adjacent areas were dominated by the benthivore functional group in spring, and the proportion of Fang's gunnel(Enedrias fangi) was higher than other species. In autumn, shrimp predators were the dominant trophic guild, with red gurnard(Chelidonichthys kumu) being the dominant species. From the perspective of biomass composition, the proportions of functional groups of the fish community in Haizhou Bay showed significant differences. The main functional groups were shrimp predators and benthivores, followed by shrimp/fish predators, while the zooplanktivores and piscivores functional groups were relatively sparse. The dominant species of these trophic guilds were 6 fish species: Fang's gunnel, red gurnard, lizardfish(Saurida elongata), small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis), lionfish(Liparis sp.), and jade fish(Ammodytes personatus). The trophic guilds and dominant species of the fish communities in Haizhou Bay in spring and autumn of each year varied greatly, mainly due to the impacts of environmental variations and fish migrations in this area.
引文
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[22]Li J,Ji X X,Jiang L,et al.Biodiversity of macrobenthos in the intertidal zone of Haizhou Bay[J].Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning,2017,9(4):45-48.[李军,季相星,姜玲,等.海州湾潮间带大型底栖动物多样性研究[J].环境监控与预警,2017,9(4):45-48.]
[23]Li Z H,Xu K D,Jiang R J,et al.Seasonal variation of food habits of Chelidonichthys spinosus in the middle northern East China Sea[J].Marine Fisheries,2010,32(2):192-198.[李振华,徐开达,蒋日进,等.东海中北部小眼绿鳍鱼食性的季节变化[J].海洋渔业,2010,32(2):192-198.]
[24]Liu X F.Study on feeding ecology and food relations of two high trophic level fishes in Haizhou Bay[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2015.[刘西方.海州湾两种高营养级鱼类摄食生态及其食物关系研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.]
[25]Zhang Y J.Spatial and temporal variations of macro-invertebrate community structure and diversity in Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013.[张怡晶.海州湾及邻近海域大型无脊椎动物群落结构及多样性的时空变化[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.]
[2]Guo B H,Huang Z Z,Li P Y,et al.Marine Environment in China’s Offshore and Adjacent Seas[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2004.[郭炳火,黄振宗,李培英,等.中国近海及邻近海域海洋环境[M].北京:海洋出版社,2004.]
[3]Wang Z F.Research on ecological recovery suitability assessment for Haizhou Bay special marine reserves[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University,2011.[王在峰.海州湾海洋特别保护区生态恢复适宜性评估[D].南京:南京师范大学,2011.]
[4]Tang Q S.Strategies of research on marine food web and trophodynamics between high trophic levels[J].Marine Fisheries Research,1999,20(2):1-6.[唐启升.海洋食物网与高营养层次营养动力学研究策略[J].海洋水产研究,1999,20(2):1-6.]
[5]Zhang B,Tang Q S,Jin X S.Functional groups of fish assemblages and their major species at high trophic level in the East China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2007,14(6):939-949.[张波,唐启升,金显仕.东海高营养层次鱼类功能群及其主要种类[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(6):939-949.]
[6]Terborg J,Robinson S.Community Ecology:Patterns and Processes[M].Melbourne:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1986.
[7]Wang X L,Xu B D,Ji Y P,et al.Fish community structure and its relationships with environmental factors in Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters of East China in Water[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(6):1707-1714.[王小林,徐宾铎,纪毓鹏,等.海州湾及邻近海域冬季鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1707-1714.]
[8]Su W,Xue Y,Ren Y P.Temporal and spatial variation in taxonomic diversity of fish in Haizhou Bay:The effect of environmental factors[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2013,20(3):624-634.[苏巍,薛莹,任一平.海州湾海域鱼类分类多样性的时空变化及其与环境因子的关系[J].中国水产科学,2013,20(3):624-634.]
[9]Zhang H,Ben C K,Fang Z,et al.The composition of fish community in south Haizhou Bay based on the trawling survey[J].Jounal of Shanghai Ocean University,2017,26(4):588-596.[张虎,贲成恺,方舟,等.基于拖网调查的海州湾南部鱼类群落结构分析[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(4):588-596.]
[10]Sui H Z,Xue Y,Ren Y P,et al.Studies on the ecological groups of fish communities in Haizhou Bay,China[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2017,47(12):59-71.[隋昊志,薛莹,任一平,等.海州湾鱼类生态类群的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(12):59-71.]
[11]Xu B,Zhang C,Xue Y,et al.Optimization of sampling effort for a fishery-independent survey with multiple goals[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2015,187(5):252.
[12]Mu?oz A A,Ojeda F P.Guild structure of carnivorous intertidal fishes of the Chilean coast:implications of ontogenetic dietary shifts[J].Oecologia,1998,114(4):563-573.
[13]Garrison L P.Spatial and dietary overlap in the Georges Bank groundfish community[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2000,57(8):1679-1691.
[14]Greene H W,Jaksi?F M.Food-niche relationships among sympatric predators:effects of level of prey identification[J].Oikos,1983:151-154.
[15]Garrison L P,Link J S.Dietary guild structure of the fish community in the Northeast United States continental shelf ecosystem[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2000,202:231-240.
[16]Deng J Y,Jin X S.Study on fishery biodiversity and its conservation in Laizhou Bay and Yellow River Estuary[J].Zoological Research,2000,21(1):76-82.[邓景耀,金显仕.莱州湾及黄河口水域渔业生物多样性及其保护研究[J].动物学研究,2000,21(1):76-82.]
[17]Wu Y K.Study on the change trend of marine environment and management measures in Laizhou Bay[J].Ocean Development and Management,2011,28(9):90-92.[吴云凯.莱州湾海洋环境变化趋势及管理措施研究[J].海洋开发与管理,2011,28(9):90-92.]
[18]Pinkas L,Oliphant M S,Iverson I L K.Food habits of albacore,bluefin tuna and bonito in Californian waters[J].Fish Bulletin,1971,152:5-10.
[19]Zhang B,Tang Q S,Jin X S.Functional groups of communities and their major species at high trophic level in the Yellow Sea ecosystem[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(3):1099-1111.[张波,唐启升,金显仕.黄海生态系统高营养层次生物群落功能群及其主要种类[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1099-1111.]
[20]Zhang B,Jin X S,Tang Q S.Functional groups of high trophic level communities in adjacent waters of Changjiang Estuary[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(2):344-351.[张波,金显仕,唐启升.长江口及邻近海域高营养层次生物群落功能群及其变化[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(2):344-351.]
[21]Zhang B,Li Z Y,Jin X S.Functional groups of fish assemblages and their major species in the Bohai Sea[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(1):64-72.[张波,李忠义,金显仕.渤海鱼类群落功能群及其主要种类[J].水产学报,2012,36(1):64-72.]
[22]Li J,Ji X X,Jiang L,et al.Biodiversity of macrobenthos in the intertidal zone of Haizhou Bay[J].Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning,2017,9(4):45-48.[李军,季相星,姜玲,等.海州湾潮间带大型底栖动物多样性研究[J].环境监控与预警,2017,9(4):45-48.]
[23]Li Z H,Xu K D,Jiang R J,et al.Seasonal variation of food habits of Chelidonichthys spinosus in the middle northern East China Sea[J].Marine Fisheries,2010,32(2):192-198.[李振华,徐开达,蒋日进,等.东海中北部小眼绿鳍鱼食性的季节变化[J].海洋渔业,2010,32(2):192-198.]
[24]Liu X F.Study on feeding ecology and food relations of two high trophic level fishes in Haizhou Bay[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2015.[刘西方.海州湾两种高营养级鱼类摄食生态及其食物关系研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.]
[25]Zhang Y J.Spatial and temporal variations of macro-invertebrate community structure and diversity in Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013.[张怡晶.海州湾及邻近海域大型无脊椎动物群落结构及多样性的时空变化[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.]