轴颈表面粗糙度对橡胶材料干摩擦特性的影响
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摘要
当船舶艉轴承供水系统出现故障或轴承过载时,金属轴颈与橡胶轴承之间会发生局部接触而处于干摩擦状态下。为研究金属轴颈表面粗糙度对水润滑橡胶轴承干摩擦特性的影响,采用TIME3230表面粗糙度测量仪对金属轴颈表面微凸体进行测量,得到金属轴颈表面微凸体的位置参数分布曲线,并对其进行去噪处理;利用傅立叶变换重新构造去噪后的金属轴颈表面粗糙度分布,并依据理论计算金属轴颈-橡胶轴承摩擦副的摩擦因数。金属轴颈-橡胶轴承摩擦副的摩擦因数计算结果与实际情况吻合,说明建立的轴颈表面粗糙度分布模型合理。分析结果表明:在干摩擦状态下,金属轴颈-橡胶轴承摩擦副的摩擦因数随着表面粗糙度函数波幅的增大呈线性增大趋势,随着粗糙度分布函数的特征波长系数的增大呈非线性增大;润滑流动方向顺着加工纹理方向时,摩擦因数比垂直加工纹理方向和与加工纹理呈45°时的摩擦因数都小。因此,选择合理的轴承表面粗糙度的幅值和波长可以提高金属轴颈-橡胶轴承摩擦副的摩擦润滑性能;沿加工纹理加工、装配金属轴颈-橡胶轴承摩擦副,可降低摩擦因数。
When the water supply system of ship stern bearing fails or the bearing is overloaded,the local contact will occur between the metal journal and the rubber bearing and the bearing will be in dry friction state.In order to study the effect of the surface roughness of metal journal on the dry friction characteristics of water-lubricated rubber bearings,the surface micro-convex of metal journal was measured by the TIME3230 surface roughness measuring instrument.The location parameter distribution curve of surface micro-convex of the metal journal was obtained and the denoising was carried out.The denoised model of surface roughness distribution of the metal journal was reconstructed by Fourier transform,and the friction coefficient of the metal journal-rubber bearing friction pair under dry friction was calculated according to the theory.The calculation result of the friction coefficient of metal journal-rubber bearing friction pair is in agreement with that of the actual situation,indicating that the established surface roughness distribution model of the journal is reasonable.The results show that,in dry friction state,the friction coefficient of the metal journal-rubber bearing friction pair is increased linearly with the incresase of the amplitude of the surface roughness function,and is increased nonlinearly with the incresase of the characteristic wavelength coefficient of the surface roughness function.When the lubrication flow direction follows the direction of processing texture,the friction coefficient is smaller than that of the vertical processing texture direction and the 45° direction of the processing texture.Therefore,the friction and lubrication performances of the metal journal-rubber bearing friction pair can be improved by choosing the reasonable amplitude and wavelength of the bearing surface roughness,and the friction coefficient can be reduced by processing and assembling the metal journal-rubber bearing friction pair along the processing texture.
When the water supply system of ship stern bearing fails or the bearing is overloaded,the local contact will occur between the metal journal and the rubber bearing and the bearing will be in dry friction state.In order to study the effect of the surface roughness of metal journal on the dry friction characteristics of water-lubricated rubber bearings,the surface micro-convex of metal journal was measured by the TIME3230 surface roughness measuring instrument.The location parameter distribution curve of surface micro-convex of the metal journal was obtained and the denoising was carried out.The denoised model of surface roughness distribution of the metal journal was reconstructed by Fourier transform,and the friction coefficient of the metal journal-rubber bearing friction pair under dry friction was calculated according to the theory.The calculation result of the friction coefficient of metal journal-rubber bearing friction pair is in agreement with that of the actual situation,indicating that the established surface roughness distribution model of the journal is reasonable.The results show that,in dry friction state,the friction coefficient of the metal journal-rubber bearing friction pair is increased linearly with the incresase of the amplitude of the surface roughness function,and is increased nonlinearly with the incresase of the characteristic wavelength coefficient of the surface roughness function.When the lubrication flow direction follows the direction of processing texture,the friction coefficient is smaller than that of the vertical processing texture direction and the 45° direction of the processing texture.Therefore,the friction and lubrication performances of the metal journal-rubber bearing friction pair can be improved by choosing the reasonable amplitude and wavelength of the bearing surface roughness,and the friction coefficient can be reduced by processing and assembling the metal journal-rubber bearing friction pair along the processing texture.
引文
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[22]尚顺事,顾家琳,康飞宇,等.影响边界润滑摩擦因数的主要因素[J].石油炼制与化工,2004,35(10):41-44.SHANG S S,GU J L,KANG F Y,et al.Pimary influence factors on coefficient of friction in thin film lubrication[J].Petroleum Processing and Chemical Engineering,2004,35(10):41-44
[23]吴祖旻,盛晨兴,郭智威,等.船舶水润滑尾轴承当量半径等效计算及其摩擦学性能研究[J].摩擦学学报,2017,37(5):656-662.WU Z M,SHENG C X,GUO Z W,et al.Study on the equivalent calculate of the equivalent radius and the tribological performance of the marine water-Lubricated Bearing[J].Tribology,2017,37(5):656-662.
[24]王汝霖.润滑剂摩擦化学[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1994:14-15.
[25]黄兴保,王优强.微观形貌表征对直齿轮跑合弹流润滑的影响[J].润滑与密封,2015,40(5):52-57.HUANG X B,WANG Y Q.Effect on elastohydrodynamic lubrication of spur gearrunning-in by microstructure characterization[J].Lubrication Engineering,2015,40(5):52-57.
[2]CHARRIER J M,MAKI S G,CHALSFOUX J P,et al.Penetration of elastomeric block by needles[J].Journal of Materials Science,1984,19:585-594.
[3]何仁洋,张嗣伟,王德国.在干摩擦和边界润滑条件下丁苯橡胶对20#钢的磨损机理研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科版),2002,26(1):59-63.HE R Y,ZHANG S W,WANG D G.Mechanism of wear of 20#steel by styrene-butadiene bubber under the conditions of dry friction and boundary lubrication[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2002,26(1):59-63.
[4]柳琼俊,张嗣伟.边界润滑条件下丁腈橡胶-金属磨损机理的研究[J].摩擦学学报,1998,18(3):13-17.LIU Q J,ZHANG S W.Study on mechanisms of wear of metal by nitrile rubber under boundary lubrication condition[J].Tribology,1998,18(3):13-17.
[5]REN N,NANBU T,YASUDA Y,et al.Micro textures in concentrated conformal contactiont lubrication:effect of distribution patterns[J].Tribology Letters,2007,28(3):275-285.
[6]KRUPKA I,SPERKA P,HARTL M,et al.Effect of real longitudinal surface roughness on lubrication filmformation within line elastohydrodynamic contact[J].Tribology International,2010,43(12):2384-2389.
[7]WANG S,HU Y Z,WANG W Z,et al.Effects of surface roughness on sliding friction in lubricated point contacts:experimental and numerical studies[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,2007,129(4):809-817.
[8]LITWIN W,OLSZEWSKI A.Properties comparison of two water lubricated rubber bearings based on experimental test[C]//Proceedings of ASME/STLE International Joint Tribology Conference.Denver:ASME/STLE,2012:181-183.
[9]LITWIN W.Influence of surface roughness topography on properties of water-lubricated polymer bearings:experimental research[J].Tribology Transactions,2011,54(3):351-361.
[10]LITWIN W.Properties comparison of rubber and three layer PTFE-NBR-bronze water lubricated bearings with lubricating grooves along entire bush circumference based on experimental tests[J].Tribology International,2015,90:404-411.
[11]CHOO J W,OLVER A V,SPIKES H A,et al.Interaction of asperities on opposing surfaces in thin film,mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,2008,130(2):319-320.
[12]ZHANG S,WANG W,ZHAO Z.The effect of surface roughness characteristics on the elastic-plastic contact performance[J].Tribology International,2014,79(11):59-73.
[13]范晓梦,王优强,王建,等.瞬变载荷作用下水润滑轴承弹流润滑性能分析[J].润滑与密封,2017,42(4):48-52.FAN X M,WANG Y Q,WANG J,et al.Elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis of a water-lubricated bearing under transient loads[J].Lubrication Engineering,2017,42(4):48-52.
[14]张阔.材料的表面形貌和力学性能对混合润滑的影响[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.
[15]杨勇,王家序,周青华,等.表面粗糙度特征对齿轮接触区润滑特性的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2017,37(2):248-256.YANG Y,WANG J X,ZHOU Q H,et al.Influence of surface roughness on the mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication performance of gear contact Area[J].Tribology,2017,37(2):248-256.
[16]刘明勇,刘怀举,朱才朝,等.粗糙度纹理对有限长线接触混合润滑影响[J].摩擦学学报,2015,35(6):690-698.LIU M Y,LIU H J,ZHU C C,et al.Effects of rough surface topography on the characteristics of mixed lubrication in finite line contact[J].Tribology,2015,35(6):690-698.
[17]GHERCA A,FATU A,HAJJAM M,et al.Influence of surface texturing on the hydrodynamic performance of a thrust bearing operating in steady-state and transient lubrication regime[J].Tribology International,2016,102:305-318.
[18]WANG W,HE Y Y,ZHAO J,et al.Numerical optimization of the groove texture bottom profile for thrust bearings[J].Tribology International,2017,109:69-77.
[19]ZHU S G,HUANG P.Influence mechanism of morphological parameters on tribological behaviors based on bearing ratio curve[J].Tribology International,2017,109:10-18.
[20]瓦伦丁L波波夫.接触力学与摩擦学的原理及其应用[M].李强,雒建斌,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2011.
[21]雒建斌,温诗铸,黄平.弹流润滑与边界润滑转化关系的研究[J].摩擦学学报,1999,19(1):72-77.LUO J B,WEN S Z,HUANG P.The relation and transition between EHL and thin film Lubrication[J].Tribology,1999,19(1):72-77.
[22]尚顺事,顾家琳,康飞宇,等.影响边界润滑摩擦因数的主要因素[J].石油炼制与化工,2004,35(10):41-44.SHANG S S,GU J L,KANG F Y,et al.Pimary influence factors on coefficient of friction in thin film lubrication[J].Petroleum Processing and Chemical Engineering,2004,35(10):41-44
[23]吴祖旻,盛晨兴,郭智威,等.船舶水润滑尾轴承当量半径等效计算及其摩擦学性能研究[J].摩擦学学报,2017,37(5):656-662.WU Z M,SHENG C X,GUO Z W,et al.Study on the equivalent calculate of the equivalent radius and the tribological performance of the marine water-Lubricated Bearing[J].Tribology,2017,37(5):656-662.
[24]王汝霖.润滑剂摩擦化学[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1994:14-15.
[25]黄兴保,王优强.微观形貌表征对直齿轮跑合弹流润滑的影响[J].润滑与密封,2015,40(5):52-57.HUANG X B,WANG Y Q.Effect on elastohydrodynamic lubrication of spur gearrunning-in by microstructure characterization[J].Lubrication Engineering,2015,40(5):52-57.