中高应变速率轧制AZ31镁合金的边裂、组织与性能
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摘要
对铸态AZ31镁合金进行温度350～450℃、平均应变速率为2.26～8.3 s~(-1)的中高应变速率轧制,研究轧制后镁板的边裂和组织性能。研究结果表明:随着平均应变速率增加,轧制边裂得到改善;轧后镁板室温拉伸断裂方式具有韧-脆性断裂向韧性断裂转变的趋势,在拉伸断口中观察到拉长形孔洞和夹着韧窝的层状结构;镁合金抗拉强度受细晶强化和孪晶强化的共同作用,建立了考虑细晶强化和孪晶强化叠加的本构关系。
The medium-high strain rate rolling was carried out on as-casting AZ31 magnesium alloys over the temperature ranges from 350 to 450 ℃ with average strain rates of 2.26-8.3 s~(-1). The edge cracks, microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that the edge crack is improved and the fracture mechanism of magnesium rolling sheet tends to transform from ductile-brittle fracture to ductile fracture with increasing average strain rate. The tensile fracture displays elongated holes and laminar structure with dimples. The tensile strength of magnesium alloy is affected by fine-grain strengthening and twins strengthening. A constitutive relation considering the fine-grain strengthening and twins strengthening was built.
The medium-high strain rate rolling was carried out on as-casting AZ31 magnesium alloys over the temperature ranges from 350 to 450 ℃ with average strain rates of 2.26-8.3 s~(-1). The edge cracks, microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that the edge crack is improved and the fracture mechanism of magnesium rolling sheet tends to transform from ductile-brittle fracture to ductile fracture with increasing average strain rate. The tensile fracture displays elongated holes and laminar structure with dimples. The tensile strength of magnesium alloy is affected by fine-grain strengthening and twins strengthening. A constitutive relation considering the fine-grain strengthening and twins strengthening was built.
引文
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[19]马立峰,庞志宁,黄庆学,黄志权.AZ31B镁合金板材轧制变裂与温度场研究[J].稀有金属工程材料与工程,2014,43(S1):387-392.MA Li-feng,PANG Zhi-ning,HUANG Qing-xue,HUANGZhi-quan.Edge cracks and temperature field of AZ31Bmagnesium alloy sheet[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2014,43(S1):387-392.
[20]徐海洁,马立峰,刘光明,黄志权,刘鹏涛,林金宝.AZ31B镁合金板材多道次轧制路径研究[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(10):43-51.XU Hai-jie,MA Li-feng,LIU Guang-ming,HUANG Zhi-quan,LIU Peng-tao,LIN Jin-bao.Research of multi-pass rolling routes for AZ31B Magnesium alloy sheet[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(10):43-51.
[21]张丁非,戴庆伟,方霖,张钧萍.递温镁合金轧制的数值仿真和验证实验[J].中国有色金属学报,2011,21(1):185-190.ZHANG Ding-fei,DAI Qing-wei,FANG Lin,ZHANG Jun-ping.Simulation and confirmatory experiment on rolling of magnesium sheets with temperature gradient[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2011,21(1):185-190.
[22]栾娜,李落星,李光耀,钟志华.AZ80镁合金的高温热压缩变形行为[J].中国有色金属学报,2007,17(10):1678-1684.LUAN Na,LI Luo-xing,LI Guang-yao,ZHONG Zhi-hua.Hot compression deformation behaviors of AZ81 magnesium alloy at elevated temperature[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2007,17(10):1678-1684.
[23]YOO M H.Slip,twinning,and fracture in hexagonal close-packed metals[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1981,12(3):409-418.
[24]LIU X,JONAS J J,LI L X,ZHU B W.Flow softening,twinning and dynamic recrystallization in AZ31 magnesium[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2013,583:242-253.
[25]KAMIKAWA N Y,HUANG X X,TSUJI N,HANSEN N.Strengthening mechanisms in nanostructured high-purity aluminum deformed to high strain and annealed[J].Acta Materialia,2009,57(14):4198-4208.
[26]TAO N R,LU K.Nanoscale structural refinement via deformation twinning in face-centered cubic metals[J].Scripta Materialia,2009,60(12):1039-1043.
[27]BALOGH L,FIGUEIREDO R B,UNGáR T,LANGDONG T G.The contributions of grain size,dislocation density and twinning to the strength of a magnesium alloy processed by ECAP[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2010,528:533-538.
[28]SOMEKAWA H,SINGH A,MIKAI T.Fracture mechanism of a coarse-grained magnesium alloy during fracture toughness testing[J].Philosophical Magazine Letters,2009,89:2-10.
[29]YUE H Y,FU P H,LI Z M,PENG L M.Tensile crack initiation behavior of cast Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.5Zr magnesium alloy[J],Materials Science and Engineering A,2016,673:458-466.
[30]XIE C,FANG Q H,LIU X,GUO P C,CHEN J K,ZHANG M H,LIU Y W,Theoretical study on the{1012}deformation twinning and cracking in coarse-grained magnesium alloys[J].International Journal of Plasticity,2016,82:44-61.
[31]SOMEKAWA H,NAJAJIMAM K,SINGH A,MUKAI T.Ductile fracture mechanism in fine-grained magnesium alloy[J],Philosophical Magazine Letters,2010,90:831-839.
[32]FEDOROV A A,GUTKIN M Y,OVID’KO I A.Transformations of grain boundary dislocation pile-ups in nano-and polycrystalline materials[J].Acta Materialia,2003,51(4):887-898.
[2]丁文江,吴玉娟,彭立明,曾小勤,林栋梁,陈彬.高性能镁合金研究及应用的新进展[J].中国材料进展,2010,29(8):37-45.DING Wen-jiang,WU Yu-juan,PENG Li-ming,ZENG Xiao-qin,LIN Dong-liang,CHEN Bin.Research and application development of advanced magnesium alloys[J].Materials China,2010,29(8):37-45.
[3]张丁非,戴庆伟,胡耀波,兰伟,方霖.镁合金板材轧制成型的研究进展[J].材料工程,2009,10:85-90.ZHANG Ding-fei,DAI Qing-wei,HU Yao-bo,LAN Wei,FANGLin.Progress in the research on rolling formation of magnesium alloy sheet[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2009,10:85-90.
[4]杨平,孟利,毛卫民,蔡庆武.利用道次间退火改善镁合金轧制成形性的研究[J].材料热处理学报,2005,26(2):34-40.YANG Ping,MENG Li,MAO Wei-min,CAI Qing-wu.Study on the improvement of formability of magnesium alloy sheet using annealing during rolling pass intervals[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2005,26(2):34-40.
[5]UTSUNOMIYA H,SAKAI T,MINAMIGUCHI S,KOH H.High-speed heavy rolling of magnesium alloy sheets[C]//LUO AA.Magnesium Technology.USA:San Antonio,2006:201-204.
[6]SAKAI T,UTSUNOMIYA H,MINAMIGUCHI S,KOH H.Single pass large draught rolling of magnesium alloy sheets by high speed rolling[C]//PEKGULERYUZ M.O,MACKENZIEW F.Proceedings of Magnesium Technology in the Global Age.Canada:Montreal,2006:205-215.
[7]MINAMIGUCHI S,UTSUNOMIYA H,KOH H.Improvement of mechanical properties of AZ31B sheets by high speed rolling[C]//PEKGULERYUZ M O,MACKENZIE W F.Proceedings of Magnesium Technology in the Global Age.Canada:Montreal,2006:217-227.
[8]KOH H,SAKAI T,UTSUNOMIYA H,MINAMIGUCHI S.Deformation and texture evolution during high-speed rolling of AZ31 magnesium sheets[J].Materials Transactions,2007,48(8):2023-2027.
[9]HAMADA G,SAKAI T,UTSUNOMIYA H.Effect of rolling speed on deformability and microstructure in rolling of AZ31Bmagnesium alloy[J].Advanced Materials Research,2010:227-231.
[10]SAKAI T,WATANADE Y,UTSUNOMIYA H.Microstructure and texture of AZ80 magnesium alloy sheet rolled by high speed warm rolling[J].Materials Science Forum,2009:483-486.
[11]ZHU S Q,YAN H G,CHEN J H,WU Y Z,TIAN J.Effect of twinning and dynamic recrystallization on the high strain rate rolling process[J].Scripta Materialia,2010,63:985-988.
[12]ZHU S Q,YAN H G,CHEN J H.WU Y Z,SU B,DU Y G,LIAO X Z.Feasibility of high strain-rate rolling of a magnesium alloy across a wide temperature range[J].Scripta Materialia,2012,67:404-407.
[13]朱素琴.中高应变速率轧制制备超细晶镁合金板材原理探索及相关基础研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2012.ZHU Su-qin.An exploratory study on the principle of the fabrication of ultrafine grained magnesium sheets using medium-high strain rate rolling technique and the related fundamental research[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2012.
[14]ZHU S Q,YAN H G,LIAO X Z,MOODY S J,SHA G,WU Y Z,RINGER S P.Mechanisms for enhanced plasticity in magnesium alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2015,82:344-355.
[15]LI H L,HSU E,SZPUNAR J,UTSUNOMIYA H,SAKAI T.Deformation mechanism and texture and microstructure evolution during high-speed rolling of AZ31B Mg sheet[J].Journal of Materials Science,2008,43:7148-7156.
[16]SANGJARI M,FARZADFAR S A,UTSUNOMIYA H,SAKAIT.ESSADIQI E,YUE S.High speed rolling of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy:Texture and microstructure analysis[J].Materials Science and Technology,2012,28(8):928-933.
[17]SU J,SANJARI M,KABIR A S H,JUNG I H,YUE S,UTSUNOMIYA H.Characteristics of magnesium AZ31 alloys subjected to high speed rolling[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2015,636:582-592.
[18]JIANG J M,WU J,NI S,YAN H G,SONG M.Improving the mechanical properties of a ZM61 magnesium alloy by pre-rolling and high strain rate rolling[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2018,712:478-484.
[19]马立峰,庞志宁,黄庆学,黄志权.AZ31B镁合金板材轧制变裂与温度场研究[J].稀有金属工程材料与工程,2014,43(S1):387-392.MA Li-feng,PANG Zhi-ning,HUANG Qing-xue,HUANGZhi-quan.Edge cracks and temperature field of AZ31Bmagnesium alloy sheet[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2014,43(S1):387-392.
[20]徐海洁,马立峰,刘光明,黄志权,刘鹏涛,林金宝.AZ31B镁合金板材多道次轧制路径研究[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(10):43-51.XU Hai-jie,MA Li-feng,LIU Guang-ming,HUANG Zhi-quan,LIU Peng-tao,LIN Jin-bao.Research of multi-pass rolling routes for AZ31B Magnesium alloy sheet[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(10):43-51.
[21]张丁非,戴庆伟,方霖,张钧萍.递温镁合金轧制的数值仿真和验证实验[J].中国有色金属学报,2011,21(1):185-190.ZHANG Ding-fei,DAI Qing-wei,FANG Lin,ZHANG Jun-ping.Simulation and confirmatory experiment on rolling of magnesium sheets with temperature gradient[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2011,21(1):185-190.
[22]栾娜,李落星,李光耀,钟志华.AZ80镁合金的高温热压缩变形行为[J].中国有色金属学报,2007,17(10):1678-1684.LUAN Na,LI Luo-xing,LI Guang-yao,ZHONG Zhi-hua.Hot compression deformation behaviors of AZ81 magnesium alloy at elevated temperature[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2007,17(10):1678-1684.
[23]YOO M H.Slip,twinning,and fracture in hexagonal close-packed metals[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1981,12(3):409-418.
[24]LIU X,JONAS J J,LI L X,ZHU B W.Flow softening,twinning and dynamic recrystallization in AZ31 magnesium[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2013,583:242-253.
[25]KAMIKAWA N Y,HUANG X X,TSUJI N,HANSEN N.Strengthening mechanisms in nanostructured high-purity aluminum deformed to high strain and annealed[J].Acta Materialia,2009,57(14):4198-4208.
[26]TAO N R,LU K.Nanoscale structural refinement via deformation twinning in face-centered cubic metals[J].Scripta Materialia,2009,60(12):1039-1043.
[27]BALOGH L,FIGUEIREDO R B,UNGáR T,LANGDONG T G.The contributions of grain size,dislocation density and twinning to the strength of a magnesium alloy processed by ECAP[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2010,528:533-538.
[28]SOMEKAWA H,SINGH A,MIKAI T.Fracture mechanism of a coarse-grained magnesium alloy during fracture toughness testing[J].Philosophical Magazine Letters,2009,89:2-10.
[29]YUE H Y,FU P H,LI Z M,PENG L M.Tensile crack initiation behavior of cast Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.5Zr magnesium alloy[J],Materials Science and Engineering A,2016,673:458-466.
[30]XIE C,FANG Q H,LIU X,GUO P C,CHEN J K,ZHANG M H,LIU Y W,Theoretical study on the{1012}deformation twinning and cracking in coarse-grained magnesium alloys[J].International Journal of Plasticity,2016,82:44-61.
[31]SOMEKAWA H,NAJAJIMAM K,SINGH A,MUKAI T.Ductile fracture mechanism in fine-grained magnesium alloy[J],Philosophical Magazine Letters,2010,90:831-839.
[32]FEDOROV A A,GUTKIN M Y,OVID’KO I A.Transformations of grain boundary dislocation pile-ups in nano-and polycrystalline materials[J].Acta Materialia,2003,51(4):887-898.