上海延长开放公园游客需求与管理对策分析
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摘要
以上海33座延长开放公园为对象,采用问卷调查法对园内游客结构、行为特征、夜公园满意度、夜间游园需求及意识进行分析。结果表明:上海延长开放公园游客结构呈老龄化、低学历的"双70"特征,主要服务对象为常住人口;游客行为呈短距离来园、运动健身为主的"双70"特征,仅1/3的游客夜间会来园,夜公园为"阶段性小众型"需求;游客对夜公园满意度较高,各指标满意率均接近或大于80%,但仍认为部分硬件设施需进行改善,其中,照明设施改造需求最大,其次为安全与监视系统。结合调查结果,为提升公园开放质量,提出了推行"五分"开放模式,"3+2"管理模式及尝试属地化、社会化管理等对策措施。
33 parks of Shanghai, which had extended its opening hours, were chosen to conduct questionnaires in this study, which aimed to investigate visitors' structural and behavioral feature, and their satisfaction and demands to night parks. The result showed that main visitors in those parks were the aging and low-educated ones, featured as "double seventy"; main object that those parks served for was Shanghai resident population; the proportion that visitors who lived close to parks and came parks for bodybuilding, is also featured as "double seventy"; only 1/3 visitors came to night parks, which revealed visiting night parks was a niche demand; visitors were very satisfied with night parks, and satisfaction of each index was greater than eighty percent, but they still believed that some facilities need to be improved, among which lighting was in greatest need for night parks, followed by safety protection and monitoring devices. Combined with these results, in order to enhance the quality and security of night parks, suggestions about parks' open mode, management and policy construction were put forward.
33 parks of Shanghai, which had extended its opening hours, were chosen to conduct questionnaires in this study, which aimed to investigate visitors' structural and behavioral feature, and their satisfaction and demands to night parks. The result showed that main visitors in those parks were the aging and low-educated ones, featured as "double seventy"; main object that those parks served for was Shanghai resident population; the proportion that visitors who lived close to parks and came parks for bodybuilding, is also featured as "double seventy"; only 1/3 visitors came to night parks, which revealed visiting night parks was a niche demand; visitors were very satisfied with night parks, and satisfaction of each index was greater than eighty percent, but they still believed that some facilities need to be improved, among which lighting was in greatest need for night parks, followed by safety protection and monitoring devices. Combined with these results, in order to enhance the quality and security of night parks, suggestions about parks' open mode, management and policy construction were put forward.
引文
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文中图片均由作者绘制。
[2]李牧鸣.上班族“走不进”早早关门的公园[N].新华每日电讯,2014-09-19(013).
[3]上海市绿化和市容管理局.关于2016年实施公园延长开放工作的通知[EB/OL].上海市绿化和市容管理局文件,沪绿容[2016]156号.2016-4-18.
[4]解放网.上海十三五生态环境建设规划发布打造两道两网两园[EB/OL].http://sh.sina.com.cn/news/b/2016-02-03/detail-ifxnzanh0627468-p2.shtml.2016-2-3.
[5]朱春晖.常州城市公园免费开放政策研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2005.
[6]陈渝.城市游憩规划的理论建构与策略研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2013.
[7]许婧,徐浩.基于活动需求的上海夜间开放公园分布[J].上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2014,32(6):23-31.
[8]张朝阳.园林夜间游憩活动设施空间设计初探[J].林业调查规划,2007,32(4):38-52.
[9]连洁.基于游憩行为的园林夜间活动空间设计研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2010.
[10]李凯历,徐浩,等.上海夜公园游人活动照度需求研究[J].中国园林,2015,8:105-109.
[11]孙岩.哈尔滨市开放式公园使用状况评价及优化策略研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2015.
[12]澎湃新闻网.上海15座公园将对65岁老人免费,21座公园将全天开放[EB/OL].http://news.163.com/16/0419/18/BL1K7K3C00014AED.html.2016-4-19.
[13]Wende H E W,Zarger R K,Mihelcic J R.Accessibility and usability:green space preferences,perceptions,and barriers in a rapidly urbanizing city in Latin America[J].Landscape Urban Plan,2012,107(3):272-282.
[14]张波.深圳、新加坡城市公园管理及借鉴意义[J].中国园艺文摘,2013(8):76-84.
[15]Zhang W J,Yang J,Ma L Y,et al.Factors affecting the use of urban green spaces for physical activities:Views of young urban residents in Beijing[J].Urban forest&urban green,2015,14(4):851-857.
[16]毛锦伟.开放“夜公园”,这些区为何能做到[N].解放日报,2015-11-17(01).
[17]澎湃新闻网.沪开放夜公园遇现实难题专家:应事先评估[EB/OL].http://sh.qq.com/a/20151218/042700.htm.2015-12-18.
[18]新民晚报.“十三五”期间上海111座老公园将完成改建[EB/OL].http://shanghai.xinmin.cn/msrx/2016/01/18/29338662.html.2016-01-18.
[19]新普陀报.治“疾”见成效梳“堵”解民忧:普陀区公园所“两个结合”处理噪音扰民问题[EB/OL].http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw2/nw2314/nw2315/nw15343/u21aw1114953.html.2016-04-13.
[20]刘建.公园利益冲突考验管理者智慧[N].法制日报,2014-12-29(05).
[21]李朝欣.由“封闭”到“开放”:城市传统公园更新改造方法研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013.
文中图片均由作者绘制。