上海饮用水源地青草沙水库轮虫群落结构的特征及其环境影响因子
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摘要
青草沙水库是位于长江河口的一座江心水库,是现今上海最大的水源地,作为一个半自然半人工水体,其生态系统具有特殊性,既会受到来水影响,又有自身独特性,轮虫作为最有效的水质监测生物之一,能很好地反应水库的水体现状,为水库管理提供生物学参考依据。于2014~2015年对青草沙水库轮虫群落结构的特征进行了研究,依据水库轮虫水平分布和时间分布特征,分析了该水库轮虫的种类组成、优势种、污染指示种、数量分布。结合多样性指数运用聚类分析方法分析轮虫群落结构特征,采用冗余分析方法研究轮虫和环境因子的关系。两年共发现轮虫32种,2014年为20种,优势种7种;2015年为26种,优势种2种。其中针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)为两年共有优势种。寡污型种类共鉴定出8种。2014年年均生物密度比2015年低,分别为(156.37±119.48)ind/L和(237.12±252.86)ind/L。2014年年均生物量比2015年高,分别为(0.1316±0.1146)mg/L和(0.1229±0.1371)mg/L。聚类分析表明,轮虫的水平分布与水库的形状、地理特征水文情况有着很大关系。冗余分析(RDA)表明,水温、溶氧、总氮、总磷、浮游植物生物密度为主要影响因子。
Qingcaosha Reservoir, a reservoir located at the Yangtze River Estuary, is the largest water source of Shanghai. As a semi natural semi artificial reservoir, its ecosystem is affected by source water, but also influence by its own unique temperament. Rotifers are one of the most effective organism group as monitors for water quality. It can well reflect the current status of water in reservoirs, such as the eutrophication timely and provide the biological reference for reservoir management. The community structure of rotifer was investigated from 2014 to 2015 according to the characteristics of rotifers horizontal distribution and temporal distribution. We took the data on the species composition, dominant species, quantitative distribution and community characteristics of rotifer and used cluster analysis to analyze the diversity index of Rotifer Community Structure. Redundancy analysis was used to illustrate the relationship between rotifers and environmental factors. Total of 32 species of rotifers were identified in two year period. Of which 20 species were recorded in the year 2014 with 7 dominant species; twenty six species with 2 dominant species were collected in 2015(Table 2, 3, Fig. 5). The Polyarthra trigla was the only one species dominantly in the two years. Among those 8 species belonged to oligo group with a lower density(156.37 ± 119.48 ind/L) in 2014 than that in 2015(237.12 ± 252.86 ind/L), respectively. The annual biomass of rotifers was higher with the number are 0.1316 ± 0.1146 mg/L in 2014 than that 0.1229 ± 0.1371 mg/L in 2015(Fig. 2), respectively. The seasonal variation and horizontal distribution of Rotifers was showed in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Cluster analysis was performed based on Rotifer biomass, biomass and diversity index(Table 4, Fig. 6), the results indicated that the horizontal distribution of rotifers had a great relationship with the shape and geographical characteristics of the reservoir. Redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that water temperature, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and density of phytoplankton were the main environmental factors which influenced the density of Phytoplankton in the reservoir(Table 5, Fig. 7).
Qingcaosha Reservoir, a reservoir located at the Yangtze River Estuary, is the largest water source of Shanghai. As a semi natural semi artificial reservoir, its ecosystem is affected by source water, but also influence by its own unique temperament. Rotifers are one of the most effective organism group as monitors for water quality. It can well reflect the current status of water in reservoirs, such as the eutrophication timely and provide the biological reference for reservoir management. The community structure of rotifer was investigated from 2014 to 2015 according to the characteristics of rotifers horizontal distribution and temporal distribution. We took the data on the species composition, dominant species, quantitative distribution and community characteristics of rotifer and used cluster analysis to analyze the diversity index of Rotifer Community Structure. Redundancy analysis was used to illustrate the relationship between rotifers and environmental factors. Total of 32 species of rotifers were identified in two year period. Of which 20 species were recorded in the year 2014 with 7 dominant species; twenty six species with 2 dominant species were collected in 2015(Table 2, 3, Fig. 5). The Polyarthra trigla was the only one species dominantly in the two years. Among those 8 species belonged to oligo group with a lower density(156.37 ± 119.48 ind/L) in 2014 than that in 2015(237.12 ± 252.86 ind/L), respectively. The annual biomass of rotifers was higher with the number are 0.1316 ± 0.1146 mg/L in 2014 than that 0.1229 ± 0.1371 mg/L in 2015(Fig. 2), respectively. The seasonal variation and horizontal distribution of Rotifers was showed in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Cluster analysis was performed based on Rotifer biomass, biomass and diversity index(Table 4, Fig. 6), the results indicated that the horizontal distribution of rotifers had a great relationship with the shape and geographical characteristics of the reservoir. Redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that water temperature, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and density of phytoplankton were the main environmental factors which influenced the density of Phytoplankton in the reservoir(Table 5, Fig. 7).
引文
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Jaccard P.1912.The Distribution of the Flora in the Alpine Zone.New Phytologist,11(2):37-50.
Jeppesen E,Jensen J P,S?ndergaard M,et al.1999.Trophic dynamics in turbid and clearwater lakes with special emphasis on the role of zooplankton for water clarity.Hydrobiologia,408/409:217-231.
Koste W,Shiel R J.1987.Tasmanian Rotifera:Affinities with the Australian Fauna.Rotifer SymposiumⅣ.Netherlands:Springer.
Krebs C J.1978.Ecology:the Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance.San Francisco:Harper&Row Limited.
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Pielou E C.1975.Ecological Diversity.New York:John Wiley&Sons Inc,16-51.
Reynolds C S.2000.Phytoplankton designer-or how to predict compositional responses to trophic-state change.Hydrobiologia,424(1):123-132.
Scheffer M.1999.The effect of aquatic vegetation on turbidity;how important are the filter feeders?Hydrobiologia,408/409:307-316.
Segers H.2008.Global diversity of rotifers(Phylum Rotifera)in freshwater.Hydrobiologia,595(1):49-59.
Twombly S.1983.Seasonal and Short Term Fluctuations in Zooplankton Abundance in Tropical Lake Malawi.Limnology&Oceanography,28(6):1214-1224.
曹杰,张国庆,李为华,等.2016.上海市青草沙水库库区水文泥沙特征现场观测分析.中国水运月刊,16(3):177-180.
陈立婧,顾静,彭自然,等.2008.滆湖轮虫群落结构与水质生态学评价.动物学杂志,43(3):7-16.
陈立婧,刘樵,彭自然,等.2011.阳澄湖养蟹网围内外轮虫群落结构的变化及分析.水产学报,35(8):1247-1257.
陈伟民,陈宇炜,秦伯强,等.2000.模拟水动力对湖泊生物群落演替的实验.湖泊科学,12(4):343-352.
陈伟民,黄祥飞,周万平,等.2005.湖泊生态系统观测方法.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
陈勇.2009.三峡库区浮游植物与轮虫的群落结构研究.重庆:西南大学硕士学位论文.
顾玉亮,乐勤,金迪惠.2008.青草沙--上海百年战略水源地.上海建设科技,(1):66-69.
黄海强.2008.三峡库区泥沙沉降对浮游生物的影响研究.重庆:西南大学硕士学位论文.
黄祥飞.1999.湖泊生态调查观测与分析.北京:中国标准出版社,72-791.
黄祥飞,胡春英,伍焯田.1985.武汉东湖的轮虫.水生生物学报,9(2):129-143.
李共国,虞左明.2003.千岛湖轮虫群落结构及水质生态学评价.湖泊科学,15(2):169-176.
林秋奇,赵帅营,韩博平.2005.广东省水库轮虫分布特征.生态学报,25(5):1123-1131.
刘成士,黄燕,刘瑜,等.2015.青山水库轮虫群落结构特征的时空差异对水质变化的影响.海洋与湖沼,46(3):694-702.
刘歆璞,王丽卿,张宁,等.2013.青草沙水库后生浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.生态学杂志,32(5):1238-1248.
陆晓如.2014.特大型水库综合运行调度平台建设研究与实践.净水技术,(3):111-114.
钱方平,席贻龙,温新利,等.2007.湖泊富营养化对轮虫群落结构及物种多样性的影响.生物多样性,15(4):344-355.
乔磊,林秋奇,韩博平.2015.珠海市调水水库水力滞留时间对轮虫群落结构的影响.应用与环境生物学报,21(3):499-504.
孙陆宇,温晓蔓,禹娜,等.2013.上海青草沙水库后生浮游动物群落结构.复旦学报:自然科学版,52(1):119-128.
王家楫.1961.中国淡水轮虫志.北京:科学出版社.
王云龙,袁骐,沈新强.2005.长江口及邻近水域春季浮游植物的生态特征.中国水产科学,12(3):300-306.
温新利,席贻龙,张雷,等.2004.青弋江芜湖段轮虫群落结构和物种多样性的初步研究.生物多样性,12(4):387-395.
吴艳芳.2012.上海世博园后滩湿地生态修复后浮游生物群落结构特征的研究.上海:上海海洋大学硕士学位论文.
项贤领,陶媛媛,席贻龙.2015.轮虫种群遗传结构及系统地理格局研究进展.生态学杂志,34(7):2048-2057.
徐兆礼,王云龙,陈亚瞿,等.1995.长江口最大浑浊带区浮游动物的生态研究.中国水产科学,(1):39-48.
杨宇峰,黄祥飞.2000.浮游动物生态学研究进展.湖泊科学,12(1):81-89.
张觉民,何志辉.1991.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册.北京:农业出版社.
郑艳琳.2014.浮游动物摄食的非线性动力学模型研究.青岛:中国海洋大学博士学位论文.
周超,高乃云,赵世嘏,等.2012.上海青草沙水库水质调查与评价.同济大学学报:自然科学版,40(6):894-899.
Duggan I C,Green J D,Shiel R J.2001.Distribution of rotifers in North Island,New Zealand,and their potential use as bioindicators of lake trophic state.Hydrobiologia,446/447(1):155-164.
Jaccard P.1912.The Distribution of the Flora in the Alpine Zone.New Phytologist,11(2):37-50.
Jeppesen E,Jensen J P,S?ndergaard M,et al.1999.Trophic dynamics in turbid and clearwater lakes with special emphasis on the role of zooplankton for water clarity.Hydrobiologia,408/409:217-231.
Koste W,Shiel R J.1987.Tasmanian Rotifera:Affinities with the Australian Fauna.Rotifer SymposiumⅣ.Netherlands:Springer.
Krebs C J.1978.Ecology:the Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance.San Francisco:Harper&Row Limited.
Margalef R.1968.Perspective in Ecological Theory.Journal of Economic Entomology,102(4):1726-1727.
Margaritora F G,Fumanti B,Alfinito S,et al.2005.Trophic condition of the volcanic Lake Nemi(Central Italy):environmental factors and planktonic communities in a changing environment.Journal of Limnology,64(2):119-128.
Pielou E C.1975.Ecological Diversity.New York:John Wiley&Sons Inc,16-51.
Reynolds C S.2000.Phytoplankton designer-or how to predict compositional responses to trophic-state change.Hydrobiologia,424(1):123-132.
Scheffer M.1999.The effect of aquatic vegetation on turbidity;how important are the filter feeders?Hydrobiologia,408/409:307-316.
Segers H.2008.Global diversity of rotifers(Phylum Rotifera)in freshwater.Hydrobiologia,595(1):49-59.
Twombly S.1983.Seasonal and Short Term Fluctuations in Zooplankton Abundance in Tropical Lake Malawi.Limnology&Oceanography,28(6):1214-1224.
曹杰,张国庆,李为华,等.2016.上海市青草沙水库库区水文泥沙特征现场观测分析.中国水运月刊,16(3):177-180.
陈立婧,顾静,彭自然,等.2008.滆湖轮虫群落结构与水质生态学评价.动物学杂志,43(3):7-16.
陈立婧,刘樵,彭自然,等.2011.阳澄湖养蟹网围内外轮虫群落结构的变化及分析.水产学报,35(8):1247-1257.
陈伟民,陈宇炜,秦伯强,等.2000.模拟水动力对湖泊生物群落演替的实验.湖泊科学,12(4):343-352.
陈伟民,黄祥飞,周万平,等.2005.湖泊生态系统观测方法.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
陈勇.2009.三峡库区浮游植物与轮虫的群落结构研究.重庆:西南大学硕士学位论文.
顾玉亮,乐勤,金迪惠.2008.青草沙--上海百年战略水源地.上海建设科技,(1):66-69.
黄海强.2008.三峡库区泥沙沉降对浮游生物的影响研究.重庆:西南大学硕士学位论文.
黄祥飞.1999.湖泊生态调查观测与分析.北京:中国标准出版社,72-791.
黄祥飞,胡春英,伍焯田.1985.武汉东湖的轮虫.水生生物学报,9(2):129-143.
李共国,虞左明.2003.千岛湖轮虫群落结构及水质生态学评价.湖泊科学,15(2):169-176.
林秋奇,赵帅营,韩博平.2005.广东省水库轮虫分布特征.生态学报,25(5):1123-1131.
刘成士,黄燕,刘瑜,等.2015.青山水库轮虫群落结构特征的时空差异对水质变化的影响.海洋与湖沼,46(3):694-702.
刘歆璞,王丽卿,张宁,等.2013.青草沙水库后生浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.生态学杂志,32(5):1238-1248.
陆晓如.2014.特大型水库综合运行调度平台建设研究与实践.净水技术,(3):111-114.
钱方平,席贻龙,温新利,等.2007.湖泊富营养化对轮虫群落结构及物种多样性的影响.生物多样性,15(4):344-355.
乔磊,林秋奇,韩博平.2015.珠海市调水水库水力滞留时间对轮虫群落结构的影响.应用与环境生物学报,21(3):499-504.
孙陆宇,温晓蔓,禹娜,等.2013.上海青草沙水库后生浮游动物群落结构.复旦学报:自然科学版,52(1):119-128.
王家楫.1961.中国淡水轮虫志.北京:科学出版社.
王云龙,袁骐,沈新强.2005.长江口及邻近水域春季浮游植物的生态特征.中国水产科学,12(3):300-306.
温新利,席贻龙,张雷,等.2004.青弋江芜湖段轮虫群落结构和物种多样性的初步研究.生物多样性,12(4):387-395.
吴艳芳.2012.上海世博园后滩湿地生态修复后浮游生物群落结构特征的研究.上海:上海海洋大学硕士学位论文.
项贤领,陶媛媛,席贻龙.2015.轮虫种群遗传结构及系统地理格局研究进展.生态学杂志,34(7):2048-2057.
徐兆礼,王云龙,陈亚瞿,等.1995.长江口最大浑浊带区浮游动物的生态研究.中国水产科学,(1):39-48.
杨宇峰,黄祥飞.2000.浮游动物生态学研究进展.湖泊科学,12(1):81-89.
张觉民,何志辉.1991.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册.北京:农业出版社.
郑艳琳.2014.浮游动物摄食的非线性动力学模型研究.青岛:中国海洋大学博士学位论文.
周超,高乃云,赵世嘏,等.2012.上海青草沙水库水质调查与评价.同济大学学报:自然科学版,40(6):894-899.