毛乌素沙地沙柳枝条茎流特征
|
摘要
为探究沙柳(Salix psammophila)茎流速率和日蒸腾量的变化规律以及环境因子对沙柳茎流速率的影响,选取1龄(1a)、2龄(2 a)和3-5龄(3-5 a)沙柳单枝为研究对象,采用基于热平衡原理的包裹式茎流仪EMS 62和HOBOU30小型气象站对沙柳的茎流速率及其周围的气象因子进行连续同步观测,分析沙柳茎流日变化及气象因子对茎流速率的影响。结果表明,不同天气条件下,不同林龄沙柳的日茎流速率变化规律基本一致,均呈"几"字形曲线。沙柳茎流与太阳辐射(R)、空气温度(t)和水气压差(vp)的变化具有不同步性,两种天气下,夜晚均存在茎流但是白天茎流启动时间不一样。晴天沙柳枝条日累积茎流量表现为3-5 a>2 a>1 a,三者间差异显著;雨天条件下日累积茎流量大小顺序为2 a>3-5 a>1 a,三者间差异不显著。在不同天气情况下,1a和2a沙柳枝条日累积茎流量相差较大,3-5a沙柳日累积茎流量相差较小。沙柳茎流速率与R、t、vp呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与空气相对湿度(RH)呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与风速(ws)相关性模糊;除风速外,沙柳茎流速率与其他气象因子的相关性在晴天条件下的解释效果优于雨天。两种天气情况下,3-5 a沙柳的茎流速率对气象因子更为敏感,且沙柳茎流速率与气象因子均可建立关系模型。文章通过对沙柳茎流的研究,可为确定沙柳合理种植密度等提供参考依据。
This study aimed to explore the changing rule of stem flow rate and transpiration and the effects of environmental factors to stem flow rate of Salix psammophila. 1-year(1 a), 2-year(2 a) and 3-to-5-year(3-5 a) living Salix psammophila were selected as the research objects. The stem flow rate of Salix psammophila and meteorological factors was observed continuously and synchronously by a stem flow meter EMS 62 which based on the thermal equilibrium principle and HOBO U30 small station. The effects of daily variation of Salix psammophila stem flow and impacting of meteorological factors on the stem flow rate of Salix psammophila was revealed. The results showed that the daily stem flow rate of Salix psammophila of different ages was basically same under different weather conditions, which all were the shape of "几". The change of stem flow of Salix psammophila was different from that of solar radiation(R), air temperature(t) and water vapor pressure difference(vp). There were the stem flow in the evening under both weather conditions, but the starting time was different in the daytime. The amount of Salix psammophila's stem flow of branch decreased gradually on sunny days, which was in the order of 3-5 a>2 a>1 a, there were significant differences among them. The order of transpiration was 2 a> 3-5 a>1 a on rainy days, there were not significant differences among them. Under different weather conditions, the daily cumulative stem flow of 1 a and 2 a Salix psammophila's branch varied greatly, while 3-5 a's varied slightly. The flow rate of Salix psammophila stem was positively correlated with R, t and vp(P<0.05), but negatively correlated(P<0.05) with air humidity(RH), and blurred correlation with wind speed(ws). Sunny days was better than rainy days compared the correlation between sap flow rate and meteorological factors except wind speed. The stem flow rate of 3-5 a Salix psammophila was more sensitive to meteorological factors in both weather conditions. In addition, both the stem flow rate of Salix psammophila and meteorological factors could be established the relational models. This study can provide reference basis for local Salix psammophila's management and determination of reasonable planting density.
This study aimed to explore the changing rule of stem flow rate and transpiration and the effects of environmental factors to stem flow rate of Salix psammophila. 1-year(1 a), 2-year(2 a) and 3-to-5-year(3-5 a) living Salix psammophila were selected as the research objects. The stem flow rate of Salix psammophila and meteorological factors was observed continuously and synchronously by a stem flow meter EMS 62 which based on the thermal equilibrium principle and HOBO U30 small station. The effects of daily variation of Salix psammophila stem flow and impacting of meteorological factors on the stem flow rate of Salix psammophila was revealed. The results showed that the daily stem flow rate of Salix psammophila of different ages was basically same under different weather conditions, which all were the shape of "几". The change of stem flow of Salix psammophila was different from that of solar radiation(R), air temperature(t) and water vapor pressure difference(vp). There were the stem flow in the evening under both weather conditions, but the starting time was different in the daytime. The amount of Salix psammophila's stem flow of branch decreased gradually on sunny days, which was in the order of 3-5 a>2 a>1 a, there were significant differences among them. The order of transpiration was 2 a> 3-5 a>1 a on rainy days, there were not significant differences among them. Under different weather conditions, the daily cumulative stem flow of 1 a and 2 a Salix psammophila's branch varied greatly, while 3-5 a's varied slightly. The flow rate of Salix psammophila stem was positively correlated with R, t and vp(P<0.05), but negatively correlated(P<0.05) with air humidity(RH), and blurred correlation with wind speed(ws). Sunny days was better than rainy days compared the correlation between sap flow rate and meteorological factors except wind speed. The stem flow rate of 3-5 a Salix psammophila was more sensitive to meteorological factors in both weather conditions. In addition, both the stem flow rate of Salix psammophila and meteorological factors could be established the relational models. This study can provide reference basis for local Salix psammophila's management and determination of reasonable planting density.
引文
COCHARD H,RODOLPHE M,PATRICK G,et al.,2000.Temperature effects on hydraulic conductance and water relations of Quercus robur L.[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,51(348):1255-1259.
FREDRIK L,ANDERS L,2002.Transpiration response to soil moisture in pine and spruce trees in Sweden[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,112(2):67-85.
GEORGIOS T X,ATHANASIOS A A,DIAMANTO I L,et al.,2014.Modelling of transpiration rate of grape tomatoes.Semi-empirical and analytical approach[J].Biosystems Engineering,124:16-23.
WANG H,HE K N,LI R J,et al.,2017.Impact of time lags on diurnalestimates of canopy transpiration and canopy conductance from sap-flow measurements of Populus cathayana in the QinghaiTibetanPlateau[J].Journal of Forestry Research,28(3):1-10.
WANG X P,RONNY B,LI X R,et al.,2004.Water balance change for a re-vegetated xerophyte shrub area/Changement du bilan hydrique d'une zone replantee d'arbustes xerophiles[J].Hydrological Sciences Journal,49(2):283-295.
XU X Y,TONG L,LI F S,et al.,2011.Sap flow of irrigated Populus albavar.pyramidalis and its relationship with environmental factor and leaf area index in an arid region of Northwest China[J].Journal of Forest Research,16(2):144-152.
ZALESNY JR R S,WIESE A H,BAUER E O,et al.,2006.Sap flow of hybrid poplar(Populus nigra L.×P.maximowiczii A.Henry‘NM6’)during phytoremediation of landfill leachate[J].Biomass&Bioenergy,30(8-9):784-793.
安慧,王俊波,安钰,2012.灌丛密度对毛乌素沙地南缘沙柳生长及土壤水分动态的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,30(1):197-203.AN H,WANG J B,AN Y,2012.Effects of shrub density on growth of artificial Salix psammophila and soil moisture dynamics in Mu Us sandy land[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,30(1):197-203.
程杰,韩霁昌,王欢元,等,2016.毛乌素沙地砒砂岩固沙机理研究[J].水土保持学报,30(5):124-127.CHENG J,HAN J C,WANG H Y,et al.,2016.Study on Sand-fixing Mechanism by Feldspathic Sandstone in Mu Us Sand Land[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,30(5):124-127.
高永,邱国玉,丁国栋,等,2004.沙柳沙障的防风固沙效益研究[J].中国沙漠,24(3):111-116.GAO Y,QIU G Y,DING G D,et al.,2004.Effect of Sal ix psammophila Checkerboard on Reducing Wind and Stabilizing Sand[J].Journal of Desert Research,24(3):111-116.
郭映,董阳,党慧慧,等,2014.基于不同时间尺度玉米蒸散蒸腾量及其影响因素[J].资源科学,36(7):1501-1508.GUO Y,DONG Y,DANG H H,et al.,2014.Evapotranspiration and Transpiration of Maize in Two Time Scales and the Environmental Effects[J].Resources Science,36(7):1501-1508.
郭映,董阳,周振方,等,2014.半干旱区玉米茎流规律及其对气象因子的响应[J].干旱区资源与环境,28(9):94-99.GUO Y,DONG Y,ZHOU Z F,et al.,2014.The sap flow of corn during the growth period and its response to meteorological factors in semi-arid area[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,28(9):94-99.
海龙,王晓江,张文军,等,2016.毛乌素沙地人工沙柳(Salix psammophila)林平茬复壮技术[J].中国沙漠,36(1):131-136.HAI L,WANG X J,ZHANG W J,et al.,2016.Stumping Rejuvenation Technology of Salix psammophila Artificial Shrubbery in the Mu Us Sandy Land[J].Journal of Desert Research,36(1):131-136.
韩磊,展秀丽,王芳,等,2018.河东沙区侧柏树干液流与蒸腾驱动因子的时滞效应研究[J].生态环境学报,27(8):1417-1423.HAN L,ZHAN X L,WANG F,et al.,2018.Time Lag Effect between Stem Sap Flow and Driving Factors of Transpiration of Platycladus orientalis in East Sandy Land of Yellow River[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,27(8):1417-1423.
韩磊,孙兆军,展秀丽,等,2015.宁夏河东沙区柠条植株叶片蒸腾对干旱胁迫的响应[J].生态环境学报,24(5):756-761.HAN L,SUN Z J,ZHAN X L,2015.Research on leaf transpiration response to soil water stress of Caragana korshinskii Kom.in Hedong sandy land of Ningxia[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,24(5):756-761.
胡永翔,李援农,张莹,2012.黄土高原区滴灌枣树作物系数和需水规律试验[J].农业机械学报,43(11):87-91,79.HU Y X,LI Y N,ZHANG Y,2012.Experiment on crop coefficient and water requirement of drip-irrigation Jujube in Loess Plateau of China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,43(11):87-91,79.
刘奉觉,郑世锴,巨关升,等,1997.树木蒸腾耗水测算技术的比较研究[J].林业科学,33(2):22-31.LIU F J,ZHENG S K,JU G S,et al.,A study on comparison of measuring water-consumption for transpiration in poplar[J].SCientia Silvae Sinicae,33(2):22-31.
刘艳伟,朱仲元,乌云,等,2010.浑善达克沙地天然植被蒸散量两种计算方法的比较[J].农业机械学报,41(11):84-88.LIU Y W,ZHU Z Y,WU Y,et al.,2010.Comparison of evapotranspiration of the natural vegetation in the Otindag sandy area using two calculation methods[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,41(11):84-88.
莫康乐,陈立欣,周洁,等,2014.永定河沿河沙地杨树人工林蒸腾耗水特征及其环境响应[J].生态学报,34(20):5812-5822.MO K L,CHEN L X,ZHOU J,et al.,2014.Transpiration responses of a poplar plantation to the environmental conditions on a floodplain in Northern China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,34(20):5812-5822.
牛兰兰,张天勇,丁国栋,2006.毛乌素沙地生态修复现状、问题与对策[J].水土保持研究,13(6):239-242,246.NIU L L,ZHANG T Y,DING G D,2006.Actuality and Countermeasure of Ecological Rehabilitation in Mao wu su Sandy Land[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,13(6):239-242,246.
佘冬立,邵明安,俞双恩,2011.黄土高原典型植被覆盖下SPAC系统水量平衡模拟[J].农业机械学报,42(5):73-78.SHE D L,SHAO M A,YU S E,2011.Water balance simulation in SPAC systems of slope lands covered with typical vegetations on Loess Plateau[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,42(5):73-78.
宋孝玉,康绍忠,沈冰,等,2005.黄土区不同下垫面农田降雨入渗及产流关系的数值模拟[J].农业工程学报,21(1):1-5.SONG X Y,KANG S Z,SHEN B,et al.,2005.Simulating the relationship between the infiltration and runoff of different underlying farmland in the loess region[J].Transactions of the CSAE,21(1):1-5.
王力,王艳萍,2013.黄土塬区苹果树干液流特征[J].农业机械学报,44(10):152-158,151.WANG L,WANG Y P,2013.Characteristics of stem sap flow of apple trees in Loess Tableland[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,44(10):152-158,151.
王强民,王文科,王周锋,等,2015.旱区沙柳蒸腾规律及其对气象因子的响应[J].南水北调与水利科技,13(4):771-775.WANG Q M,WANG W K,WANG Z F,et al.,2015.Transpiration of Salix psammophila and its response to meteorological factors in arid area[J].South-to-North Water transfers and Water Science&Technology,13(4):771-775.
王世兰,李英华,于水亮,2012.流动沙丘的先锋树种:沙柳[J].河北林业科技(2):109.WANG S L,LI Y H,YU S L,2012.The pioneer tree of mobile dune-Salix[J].The Journal of Hebei Forestry Science and Technology(2):109.
吴锡麟,叶功富,吴文英,等,2013.滨海沙地木麻黄蒸腾速率及其影响因子[J].福建林学院学报,33(1):1-6.WU X L,YE G F,WU W Y,et al.,2013.Transpiration rate and influencing environmental factors of Casuarina equisetifolia on coastal sand[J].Journal of Fujian College of Forestry,33(1):1-6.
杨强,查天山,贾昕,等,2016.花棒茎流对降雨的响应[J].应用生态学报,27(3):761-768.YANG Q,ZHA T S,JIA X,et al.,2016.Rainfall effects on the sap flow of Hedysarum scoparium[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,27(3):761-768.
于强,王天铎,1998.光合作用-蒸腾作用-气孔导度的耦合模型及C3植物叶片对环境因子的生理响应(英文)[J].植物学报,40(8):61-75.YU Q,WANG T D,1998.Simulation of the physiological reponses of C3 plant leves to environmental factors by a model which combines stomatal conductance,photosynthesis and transpiration[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,40(8):61-75.
岳广阳,赵哈林,张铜会,等,2007.不同天气条件下小叶锦鸡儿茎流及耗水特性[J].应用生态学报,18(10):2173-2178.YUE G Y,ZHAO H L,ZHANG T H,et al.,2007.Characteristics of Caragana microphylla sap flow and water consumption under different weather ondition on Horqin sandy land of northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,18(10):2173-2178.
张大龙,张中典,李建明,2015.环境因子对温室甜瓜蒸腾的驱动和调控效应研究[J].农业机械学报,46(11):137-144.ZHANG D L,ZHANG Z D,LI J M,2015.Co-ordination of environmental factors in driving and regulating transpiration rate of greenhouse grown muskmelon[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,46(11):137-144.
张小由,龚家栋,周茂先,等,2003.应用热脉冲技术对胡杨和柽柳树干液流的研究[J].冰川冻土,25(5):585-590.ZHANG X Y,GONG J D,ZHOU M X,et al.,2003.A study on the stem sap flow of Populus euphrtaicr and Tamaris spp.by heat pulse technique[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,25(5):585-590.
FREDRIK L,ANDERS L,2002.Transpiration response to soil moisture in pine and spruce trees in Sweden[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,112(2):67-85.
GEORGIOS T X,ATHANASIOS A A,DIAMANTO I L,et al.,2014.Modelling of transpiration rate of grape tomatoes.Semi-empirical and analytical approach[J].Biosystems Engineering,124:16-23.
WANG H,HE K N,LI R J,et al.,2017.Impact of time lags on diurnalestimates of canopy transpiration and canopy conductance from sap-flow measurements of Populus cathayana in the QinghaiTibetanPlateau[J].Journal of Forestry Research,28(3):1-10.
WANG X P,RONNY B,LI X R,et al.,2004.Water balance change for a re-vegetated xerophyte shrub area/Changement du bilan hydrique d'une zone replantee d'arbustes xerophiles[J].Hydrological Sciences Journal,49(2):283-295.
XU X Y,TONG L,LI F S,et al.,2011.Sap flow of irrigated Populus albavar.pyramidalis and its relationship with environmental factor and leaf area index in an arid region of Northwest China[J].Journal of Forest Research,16(2):144-152.
ZALESNY JR R S,WIESE A H,BAUER E O,et al.,2006.Sap flow of hybrid poplar(Populus nigra L.×P.maximowiczii A.Henry‘NM6’)during phytoremediation of landfill leachate[J].Biomass&Bioenergy,30(8-9):784-793.
安慧,王俊波,安钰,2012.灌丛密度对毛乌素沙地南缘沙柳生长及土壤水分动态的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,30(1):197-203.AN H,WANG J B,AN Y,2012.Effects of shrub density on growth of artificial Salix psammophila and soil moisture dynamics in Mu Us sandy land[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,30(1):197-203.
程杰,韩霁昌,王欢元,等,2016.毛乌素沙地砒砂岩固沙机理研究[J].水土保持学报,30(5):124-127.CHENG J,HAN J C,WANG H Y,et al.,2016.Study on Sand-fixing Mechanism by Feldspathic Sandstone in Mu Us Sand Land[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,30(5):124-127.
高永,邱国玉,丁国栋,等,2004.沙柳沙障的防风固沙效益研究[J].中国沙漠,24(3):111-116.GAO Y,QIU G Y,DING G D,et al.,2004.Effect of Sal ix psammophila Checkerboard on Reducing Wind and Stabilizing Sand[J].Journal of Desert Research,24(3):111-116.
郭映,董阳,党慧慧,等,2014.基于不同时间尺度玉米蒸散蒸腾量及其影响因素[J].资源科学,36(7):1501-1508.GUO Y,DONG Y,DANG H H,et al.,2014.Evapotranspiration and Transpiration of Maize in Two Time Scales and the Environmental Effects[J].Resources Science,36(7):1501-1508.
郭映,董阳,周振方,等,2014.半干旱区玉米茎流规律及其对气象因子的响应[J].干旱区资源与环境,28(9):94-99.GUO Y,DONG Y,ZHOU Z F,et al.,2014.The sap flow of corn during the growth period and its response to meteorological factors in semi-arid area[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,28(9):94-99.
海龙,王晓江,张文军,等,2016.毛乌素沙地人工沙柳(Salix psammophila)林平茬复壮技术[J].中国沙漠,36(1):131-136.HAI L,WANG X J,ZHANG W J,et al.,2016.Stumping Rejuvenation Technology of Salix psammophila Artificial Shrubbery in the Mu Us Sandy Land[J].Journal of Desert Research,36(1):131-136.
韩磊,展秀丽,王芳,等,2018.河东沙区侧柏树干液流与蒸腾驱动因子的时滞效应研究[J].生态环境学报,27(8):1417-1423.HAN L,ZHAN X L,WANG F,et al.,2018.Time Lag Effect between Stem Sap Flow and Driving Factors of Transpiration of Platycladus orientalis in East Sandy Land of Yellow River[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,27(8):1417-1423.
韩磊,孙兆军,展秀丽,等,2015.宁夏河东沙区柠条植株叶片蒸腾对干旱胁迫的响应[J].生态环境学报,24(5):756-761.HAN L,SUN Z J,ZHAN X L,2015.Research on leaf transpiration response to soil water stress of Caragana korshinskii Kom.in Hedong sandy land of Ningxia[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,24(5):756-761.
胡永翔,李援农,张莹,2012.黄土高原区滴灌枣树作物系数和需水规律试验[J].农业机械学报,43(11):87-91,79.HU Y X,LI Y N,ZHANG Y,2012.Experiment on crop coefficient and water requirement of drip-irrigation Jujube in Loess Plateau of China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,43(11):87-91,79.
刘奉觉,郑世锴,巨关升,等,1997.树木蒸腾耗水测算技术的比较研究[J].林业科学,33(2):22-31.LIU F J,ZHENG S K,JU G S,et al.,A study on comparison of measuring water-consumption for transpiration in poplar[J].SCientia Silvae Sinicae,33(2):22-31.
刘艳伟,朱仲元,乌云,等,2010.浑善达克沙地天然植被蒸散量两种计算方法的比较[J].农业机械学报,41(11):84-88.LIU Y W,ZHU Z Y,WU Y,et al.,2010.Comparison of evapotranspiration of the natural vegetation in the Otindag sandy area using two calculation methods[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,41(11):84-88.
莫康乐,陈立欣,周洁,等,2014.永定河沿河沙地杨树人工林蒸腾耗水特征及其环境响应[J].生态学报,34(20):5812-5822.MO K L,CHEN L X,ZHOU J,et al.,2014.Transpiration responses of a poplar plantation to the environmental conditions on a floodplain in Northern China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,34(20):5812-5822.
牛兰兰,张天勇,丁国栋,2006.毛乌素沙地生态修复现状、问题与对策[J].水土保持研究,13(6):239-242,246.NIU L L,ZHANG T Y,DING G D,2006.Actuality and Countermeasure of Ecological Rehabilitation in Mao wu su Sandy Land[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,13(6):239-242,246.
佘冬立,邵明安,俞双恩,2011.黄土高原典型植被覆盖下SPAC系统水量平衡模拟[J].农业机械学报,42(5):73-78.SHE D L,SHAO M A,YU S E,2011.Water balance simulation in SPAC systems of slope lands covered with typical vegetations on Loess Plateau[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,42(5):73-78.
宋孝玉,康绍忠,沈冰,等,2005.黄土区不同下垫面农田降雨入渗及产流关系的数值模拟[J].农业工程学报,21(1):1-5.SONG X Y,KANG S Z,SHEN B,et al.,2005.Simulating the relationship between the infiltration and runoff of different underlying farmland in the loess region[J].Transactions of the CSAE,21(1):1-5.
王力,王艳萍,2013.黄土塬区苹果树干液流特征[J].农业机械学报,44(10):152-158,151.WANG L,WANG Y P,2013.Characteristics of stem sap flow of apple trees in Loess Tableland[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,44(10):152-158,151.
王强民,王文科,王周锋,等,2015.旱区沙柳蒸腾规律及其对气象因子的响应[J].南水北调与水利科技,13(4):771-775.WANG Q M,WANG W K,WANG Z F,et al.,2015.Transpiration of Salix psammophila and its response to meteorological factors in arid area[J].South-to-North Water transfers and Water Science&Technology,13(4):771-775.
王世兰,李英华,于水亮,2012.流动沙丘的先锋树种:沙柳[J].河北林业科技(2):109.WANG S L,LI Y H,YU S L,2012.The pioneer tree of mobile dune-Salix[J].The Journal of Hebei Forestry Science and Technology(2):109.
吴锡麟,叶功富,吴文英,等,2013.滨海沙地木麻黄蒸腾速率及其影响因子[J].福建林学院学报,33(1):1-6.WU X L,YE G F,WU W Y,et al.,2013.Transpiration rate and influencing environmental factors of Casuarina equisetifolia on coastal sand[J].Journal of Fujian College of Forestry,33(1):1-6.
杨强,查天山,贾昕,等,2016.花棒茎流对降雨的响应[J].应用生态学报,27(3):761-768.YANG Q,ZHA T S,JIA X,et al.,2016.Rainfall effects on the sap flow of Hedysarum scoparium[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,27(3):761-768.
于强,王天铎,1998.光合作用-蒸腾作用-气孔导度的耦合模型及C3植物叶片对环境因子的生理响应(英文)[J].植物学报,40(8):61-75.YU Q,WANG T D,1998.Simulation of the physiological reponses of C3 plant leves to environmental factors by a model which combines stomatal conductance,photosynthesis and transpiration[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,40(8):61-75.
岳广阳,赵哈林,张铜会,等,2007.不同天气条件下小叶锦鸡儿茎流及耗水特性[J].应用生态学报,18(10):2173-2178.YUE G Y,ZHAO H L,ZHANG T H,et al.,2007.Characteristics of Caragana microphylla sap flow and water consumption under different weather ondition on Horqin sandy land of northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,18(10):2173-2178.
张大龙,张中典,李建明,2015.环境因子对温室甜瓜蒸腾的驱动和调控效应研究[J].农业机械学报,46(11):137-144.ZHANG D L,ZHANG Z D,LI J M,2015.Co-ordination of environmental factors in driving and regulating transpiration rate of greenhouse grown muskmelon[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,46(11):137-144.
张小由,龚家栋,周茂先,等,2003.应用热脉冲技术对胡杨和柽柳树干液流的研究[J].冰川冻土,25(5):585-590.ZHANG X Y,GONG J D,ZHOU M X,et al.,2003.A study on the stem sap flow of Populus euphrtaicr and Tamaris spp.by heat pulse technique[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,25(5):585-590.