基于WEMTR的柔性直流输电线路故障测距
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摘要
提出了基于小波技术的电磁时间反转(WEMTR)理论的柔性直流输电线路故障测距原理。对线路两端故障电流的1模量进行小波分解,提取有效信息;将所提取的有效暂态量以时间轴镜像,即进行时间反转;再将时间反转后的电流量作为电流源并联在无损镜像线路两端,并在无损镜像线路上各处都假设发生故障,计算各个假设故障的接地电流有效值;假设故障电流有效值最大处即为所求故障点处。理论证明,该方法不受过渡电阻和故障类型的影响。在PSCAD/EMTDC搭建了基于模块化多电平换流站的高压直流输电系统进行仿真验证,输电线路采用相域频变分布参数模型。结果表明,不需要高采样率,该方法可以得到精确的故障测距结果。
A wavelet-based electromagnetic time reversal(WEMTR) method for locating faults in transmission lines of voltage source converter based high voltage direct current system(VSC-HVDC) is proposed in this paper. This principle, firstly, is to decompose the recorded 1-mode fault currents at the ends of the transmission lines by using wavelet technology. Secondly, the filtered currents are imaged with time axis, which means time reversal. Thirdly, the time reversed currents are set as current sources at the ends of the lossless mirror transmission line. After assuming metallic faults at everywhere of line, the RMSs of assumed fault currents are calculated, and peak value of all RMSs appears at the actual fault location. Theoretically, the proposed method is robust against fault types and fault resistances. A modular multilevel converter based HVDC system(MMC-HVDC) is established in PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the method, and the transmission line is simulated by frequency independent phase model. The results show that, the fault location can be achieved exactly without high sampling rates.
A wavelet-based electromagnetic time reversal(WEMTR) method for locating faults in transmission lines of voltage source converter based high voltage direct current system(VSC-HVDC) is proposed in this paper. This principle, firstly, is to decompose the recorded 1-mode fault currents at the ends of the transmission lines by using wavelet technology. Secondly, the filtered currents are imaged with time axis, which means time reversal. Thirdly, the time reversed currents are set as current sources at the ends of the lossless mirror transmission line. After assuming metallic faults at everywhere of line, the RMSs of assumed fault currents are calculated, and peak value of all RMSs appears at the actual fault location. Theoretically, the proposed method is robust against fault types and fault resistances. A modular multilevel converter based HVDC system(MMC-HVDC) is established in PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the method, and the transmission line is simulated by frequency independent phase model. The results show that, the fault location can be achieved exactly without high sampling rates.
引文
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[14]张怿宁,束洪春,田鑫萃,等.特高压直流输电线路接地极线路高阻故障测距方法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(24):1-7.Zhang Yining,Shu Hongchun,Tian Xincui,et al.Research on fault location algorithm for HVDCelectrode line high impedance fault[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(24):1-7.
[15]Nanayakkara O,Rajapakse A,Wachal R.Location of DC line faults in conventional HVDC systems with segments of cables and overhead lines using terminal measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2012,27(1):279-288.
[16]Yang J,Fletcher J,O’Reilly J.Short-circuit and ground fault analyses and location in VSC-based DCnetwork cables[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(10):3827-3837.
[17]Bucher M,Franck C.Analytic approximation of fault current contributions from capacitive components in HVDC cable networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2015,30(1):74-81.
[18]Farshad M,Sadeh J.A novel fault-location method for HVDC transmission lines based on similarity measure of voltage signals[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(4):2483-2490.
[19]Rosny J,Lerosey G,Fink M.Theory of electromagnetic time-reversal mirrors[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2010,58(10):3139-3149.
[20]Fink M.Time reversal of ultrasonic fields.I.Basic principles[J].IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics,Ferroelectrics,and Frequency Control,1992,39(5):555-556.
[21]Lugrin G,Parra N,Rachidi F,et al.On the location of lightning discharges using time reversal of electromagnetic fields[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2014,56(1):149-158.
[22]Razzaghi R,Lugrin G,Manesh H,et al.An efficient method based on the electromagnetic time reversal to locate faults in power networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(3):1663-1673.
[23]Zhang Xipeng,Tai Nengling,Wang Yanhong,et al.EMTR-based fault location for DC line in VSC-MTDC system using high-frequency currents[J].IETGeneration,Transmission&Distribution,2017,11(10):2499-2507.
[2]刘剑,邰能灵,范春菊,等.基于暂态电流Pearson相关性的两电平VSC-HVDC直流线路故障判别[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(3):74-85.Liu Jian,Tai Nengling,Fan Chunju,et al.A fault identification method for two-level VSC-HVDC DCline based on Pearson correlation of transient current[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(3):74-85.
[3]刘剑,邰能灵,范春菊,等.柔性直流输电线路故障处理与保护技术评述[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(20):158-167.Liu Jian,Tai Nengling,Fan Chunju,et al.Comments on fault handling and protection technology for VSC-HVDC transmission lines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(20):158-167.
[4]刘剑,邰能灵,范春菊,等.多端VSC-HVDC直流线路故障限流及限流特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(19):5122-5133,5393.Liu Jian,Tai Nengling,Fan Chunju,et al.Fault current limitation and analysis of current limiting characteristic for multi-terminal VSC-HVDC DClines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(19):5122-5133,5393.
[5]孙晓云,高鑫,刘延华.柔性直流输电换流器故障特性分析及诊断研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(2):75-84.Sun Xiaoyun,Gao Xin,Liu Yanhua.VSC fault characteristic analysis and diagnosis research of VSC-HVDC[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(2):75-84.
[6]Liu Jian,Tai Nengling,Fan Chunju,et al.Protection scheme for high-voltage direct-current transmission lines based on transient AC current[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2015,9(16):2633-2643.
[7]许小雪,刘建锋,江玉蓉.基于多频带能量的高压直流输电线路单端暂态电流保护[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(22):32-39.Xu Xiaoxue,Liu Jianfeng,Jiang Yurong.HVDCtransmission line protection based on single-ended transient current using multiband energy[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(22):32-39.
[8]徐敏,蔡泽祥,刘永浩,等.基于宽频信息的高压直流输电线路行波故障测距方法[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(1):259-265.Xu Min,Cai Zexiang,Liu Yonghao,et al.A novel fault location method for HVDC transmission line based on the broadband travelling wave information[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(1):259-265.
[9]崔本丽,兰生.基于行波法的HVDC输电线路故障测距综述[J].电气技术,2017,18(10):1-4,12.Cui Benli,Lan Sheng.Review of high voltage DCtransmission lines fault location based on the traveling wave method[J].Electrical Engineering,2017,18(10):1-4,12.
[10]Azizi S,Sanaye-Pasand M,Abedini M,et al.Atraveling-wave-based methodology for wide-area fault location in multiterminal DC systems[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(6):2552-2560.
[11]Kerf K,Srivastava K,Reza M,et al.Wavelet-based protection strategy for DC faults in multi-terminal VSC HVDC systems[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2011,5(4):496-503.
[12]He Zhengyou,Liao Kai,Li Xiaopeng,et al.Natural frequency-based line fault location in HVDC lines[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(2):851-859.
[13]于华楠,马聪聪,王鹤.基于压缩感知估计行波自然频率的输电线路故障定位方法研究[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(23):140-148.Yu Huanan,Ma Congcong,Wang He.Transmission line fault location method based on compressed sensing estimation of traveling wave natural frequencies[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(23):140-148.
[14]张怿宁,束洪春,田鑫萃,等.特高压直流输电线路接地极线路高阻故障测距方法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(24):1-7.Zhang Yining,Shu Hongchun,Tian Xincui,et al.Research on fault location algorithm for HVDCelectrode line high impedance fault[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(24):1-7.
[15]Nanayakkara O,Rajapakse A,Wachal R.Location of DC line faults in conventional HVDC systems with segments of cables and overhead lines using terminal measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2012,27(1):279-288.
[16]Yang J,Fletcher J,O’Reilly J.Short-circuit and ground fault analyses and location in VSC-based DCnetwork cables[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(10):3827-3837.
[17]Bucher M,Franck C.Analytic approximation of fault current contributions from capacitive components in HVDC cable networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2015,30(1):74-81.
[18]Farshad M,Sadeh J.A novel fault-location method for HVDC transmission lines based on similarity measure of voltage signals[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(4):2483-2490.
[19]Rosny J,Lerosey G,Fink M.Theory of electromagnetic time-reversal mirrors[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2010,58(10):3139-3149.
[20]Fink M.Time reversal of ultrasonic fields.I.Basic principles[J].IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics,Ferroelectrics,and Frequency Control,1992,39(5):555-556.
[21]Lugrin G,Parra N,Rachidi F,et al.On the location of lightning discharges using time reversal of electromagnetic fields[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2014,56(1):149-158.
[22]Razzaghi R,Lugrin G,Manesh H,et al.An efficient method based on the electromagnetic time reversal to locate faults in power networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(3):1663-1673.
[23]Zhang Xipeng,Tai Nengling,Wang Yanhong,et al.EMTR-based fault location for DC line in VSC-MTDC system using high-frequency currents[J].IETGeneration,Transmission&Distribution,2017,11(10):2499-2507.