天津市北大港湿地自然保护区植物多样性特征分析
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摘要
为了阐明天津市北大港湿地自然保护区生物群落及其物种多样性特征,以及群落组织化水平和物种的复杂性、丰富程度,通过调查保护区植物种类、密度、盖度、频度等数量特征,分析其重要值及植物物种多样性。结果表明:在没有人为干扰的生态环境中,保护区共有植物153种(除人工种植物种外),隶属43科113属,其中草本植物为主要组成成分,共136种,占总种数的88.89%。对保护区的核心区、缓冲区和实验区3个区域物种多样性进行比较分析,物种丰富度Marglef指数表现为:实验区>核心区>缓冲区;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数呈现:核心区>缓冲区≈实验区;Simpson指数呈现:核心区>缓冲区>实验区;物种均匀度Pielou指数呈现:核心区>缓冲区>实验区。综合研究结果可见:核心区具有较高的生物物种多样性,具有保护价值。未来应进一步强化保护措施,提高湿地保护区综合服务功能。
In order to clarify the biome and its species diversity characteristics in Tianjin Beidagang Wetland Nature Reserve,as well as the level of community organization and the complexity and richness of the species,we investigated the plant species,density,coverage,frequency and other quantities in the protected area,and analyzed its important values and diversity of plant species.The results showed that under the condition of ecological environment without human disturbance,there were 153 species of plants in the protected area(except for artificially planted species),which belonged to 43 families and 113 genera,a total of 136 specie sherbaceous plants were the main components,accounting for 88.89% of the total species. The species diversity of the core area,buffer zone and experimental area of the protected area was compared and analyzed.The Marglef index of species richness showed experimental area > core area > buffer zone; in Shannon-Wiener diversity index,core area >buffer zone ≈ experimental area; in the Simpson indexcore area>buffer zone> experimental area; in the species uniformity Pielou index,core area>buffer zone> experimental area.In conclusion,the core area has high biological species diversity and has protective value. The protection measures should be further strengthened to improve the comprehensive service functions of wetland protected areas in the future.
In order to clarify the biome and its species diversity characteristics in Tianjin Beidagang Wetland Nature Reserve,as well as the level of community organization and the complexity and richness of the species,we investigated the plant species,density,coverage,frequency and other quantities in the protected area,and analyzed its important values and diversity of plant species.The results showed that under the condition of ecological environment without human disturbance,there were 153 species of plants in the protected area(except for artificially planted species),which belonged to 43 families and 113 genera,a total of 136 specie sherbaceous plants were the main components,accounting for 88.89% of the total species. The species diversity of the core area,buffer zone and experimental area of the protected area was compared and analyzed.The Marglef index of species richness showed experimental area > core area > buffer zone; in Shannon-Wiener diversity index,core area >buffer zone ≈ experimental area; in the Simpson indexcore area>buffer zone> experimental area; in the species uniformity Pielou index,core area>buffer zone> experimental area.In conclusion,the core area has high biological species diversity and has protective value. The protection measures should be further strengthened to improve the comprehensive service functions of wetland protected areas in the future.
引文
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[3] 韦翠珍,张佳宝,周凌云.黄河下游河滨湿地不同草本植物群落物种多样性研究[J].湿地科学,2012,10(1):58-64.WEI C ZH,ZHANG J B,ZHOU L Y.Study on species diversity of different herb communities in riverside wetlands in the lower Yellow River[J].Wetland Science,2012,10(1):58-64.
[4] 程志,郭亮华,王东清,等.我国湿地植物多样性研究进展[J].湿地科学与管理,2010,6(2):53-56.CHENG ZH,GUO L H,WANG D Q,et al.Research progress of plant diversity in wetland in China[J].Wetland Science and Management,2010,6(2):53-56.
[5] 张庆辉.天津市北大港湿地自然保护区现状、存在问题及对策建议[J].安徽农学通报,2013,19(12):83,91.ZHANG Q H.Current Situation,existing problems and countermeasures of Tianjin Beidagang wetland nature reserve[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2013,19(12):83,91.
[6] 王斌,曹喆,张震.北大港湿地自然保护区生态环境质量评价[J].环境科学与管理,2008,33(2):181-184.WANG B,CAO ZH,ZHANG ZH.Evaluation of ecological environment qauality of Beidagang wetland nature reserve[J].Environmental Science and Management,2008,33(2):181-184.
[7] 任东海.天津北大港湿地保护有了“护身符”[J].湿地科学与管理,2015,11(1):59.REN D H.Tianjin Beidagang wetland protection has a “amulet” [J].Wetland Science and Management,2015,11 (1):59.
[8] 刘家光,韩庆.天津市大港区盐碱地的植被类型及其指示性[J].植物生态学与地植物学丛刊,1985(2):158-164.LIU J G,HAN Q.The vegetation types and indicators of saline-alkali land in Dagang district of Tianjin city[J].Plant Ecology and Geobotany,1985(2):158-164.
[9] 付必谦.生态学实验原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:184-186.FU B Q.Principles and Methods of Ecological Experiments [M].Beijing:Science Press,2006:184-186.
[10] 章家恩.生态学常用实验研究方法与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:82-93.ZHANG J E.Common Experimental Research Methods and Techniques in Ecology [M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2007:82-93.
[11] 张金屯.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:7-15,77-99.ZHANG J T.Quantitative Ecology [M].Beijing:Science Press,2011:7-15,77-99.
[12] 李振基,陈圣宾.群落生态学[M].北京:气象出版社,2011:27-32.LI ZH J,CHEN SH B.Community Ecology [M].Beijing:Meteorological Press,2011:27-32.
[13] 马克平,黄建辉,于顺利,等.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究.Ⅱ丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数[J].生态学报,1995(3):268-277.MA K P,HUANG J H,YU SH L,et al.Study on the diversity of plant communities in Dongling Mountain,Beijing,China.Ⅱ Richness,evenness and species diversity index[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1995(3):268-277.
[14] 中国植被编委会.中国植被[M].北京:科学出版社,1980:167.Chinese Vegetation Editorial Board.Chinese Vegetation [M].Beijing:Science Press,1980:167.
[15] 任斌斌,李薇薇,刘兴,等.北京城市绿道植物多样性特征研究[J].中国园林,2015,31(8):10-14.REN B B,LI W W,LIU X,et al.Study on plant diversity characteristics of urban greenway in Beijing[J].Chinese Garden,2015,31(8):10-14.
[16] 何彤慧,程志,张玉峰,等.银川平原沟渠植物多样性特征及影响因素[J].湿地科学,2013,11(3):352-358.HE T H,CHENG ZH,ZHANG Y F,et al.Characteristics and influencing factors of plant diversity in ditch of Yinchuan plain[J].Journal of Wetland Science,2013,11(3):352-358.