桉树造林的土壤物理性质及其水文效应
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摘要
为探讨广西主要长周期人工林改为短周期桉树人工林后林地土壤水文功能变化,采用野外采样与室内测试分析相结合的方法,分别研究了1,3,5年生桉树人工林及与之对应的桉树造林前米老排林、杉木林和马尾松林土壤基本物理性质与水分调蓄功能的差异。结果表明:桉树造林后与造林前的长周期人工林相比,土壤蓄水能力的变化主要表现为20—40 cm土层土壤水库容和剩余蓄水空间增加。随着土层深度的增加,土壤容重逐渐增大,饱和持水量、总孔隙度逐渐减小,同时,土壤水库容和剩余蓄水空间也呈现逐渐减小的趋势。桉树造林对土壤物理性质的影响主要集中在土壤的20—40 cm土层,而桉树林对土壤的蓄水能力存在的影响与轮伐周期较长的人工林相比,主要表现为20—40 cm土层土壤水库容和剩余蓄水空间增加,1,3,5年生桉树人工林的土壤水库容分别比对应的长周期人工林高11.25%,19.14%,14.33%;剩余蓄水空间则分别比对应长周期人工林高9.16%,113.01%,23.62%。而40 cm以下土层的土壤蓄水能力却下降。研究结果可为桉树造林的土壤效应评价提供理论依据。
In order to study the changes of soil hydrological function after the main long-period plantations were changed into short-period Eucalyptus plantations in Guangxi, the basic physical properties and water storage function of soil were studied by combining field sampling with laboratory analysis. Compared with long-period plantation before, the changes of soil water storage capacity after afforestation of Eucalyptus were mainly manifested by the increases of reservoir capacity and residual water storage space in 20—40 cm soil layer. With the increase of soil depth, and soil bulk density increased gradually, the saturated water holding capacity and total porosity decreased gradually, meanwhile, soil reservoir capacity and residual storage space also showed a decreasing trend. The influence of Eucalyptus afforestation on soil physical properties occurred mainly in 20—40 cm soil. The soil reservoir capacity and residual water storage space increased compared with the long rotation period plantation. The soil reservoir capacity of one-year-old, three-year-old and five-year-old Eucalyptus plantations was 11.25%, 19.14% and 14.33% higher than that of the corresponding long-term plantations, while the residual storage space was 9.16%, 113.01% and 23.62% higher than that of the corresponding long-term plantations respectively. And the soil water storage capacity under 40 cm soil layer deceased. The results could provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the soil effect of Eucalyptus plantation.
In order to study the changes of soil hydrological function after the main long-period plantations were changed into short-period Eucalyptus plantations in Guangxi, the basic physical properties and water storage function of soil were studied by combining field sampling with laboratory analysis. Compared with long-period plantation before, the changes of soil water storage capacity after afforestation of Eucalyptus were mainly manifested by the increases of reservoir capacity and residual water storage space in 20—40 cm soil layer. With the increase of soil depth, and soil bulk density increased gradually, the saturated water holding capacity and total porosity decreased gradually, meanwhile, soil reservoir capacity and residual storage space also showed a decreasing trend. The influence of Eucalyptus afforestation on soil physical properties occurred mainly in 20—40 cm soil. The soil reservoir capacity and residual water storage space increased compared with the long rotation period plantation. The soil reservoir capacity of one-year-old, three-year-old and five-year-old Eucalyptus plantations was 11.25%, 19.14% and 14.33% higher than that of the corresponding long-term plantations, while the residual storage space was 9.16%, 113.01% and 23.62% higher than that of the corresponding long-term plantations respectively. And the soil water storage capacity under 40 cm soil layer deceased. The results could provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the soil effect of Eucalyptus plantation.
引文
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[22] 杨钙仁,苏晓琳,蔡德所,等.植被变化对人工林地蓄水功能的影响[J].中国水土保持,2012(3):18-20.
[2] 杨钙仁,雷世满,黄承标,等.桉树人工林冠层淋溶水质特征初步研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(6):203-206.
[3] 温远光.桉树生态、社会问题与科学发展[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2008.
[4] 叶绍明,温远光,杨梅,等.连栽桉树人工林植物多样性与土壤理化性质的关联分析[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(4):246-250.
[5] 史进纳,蒋代华,肖斌,等.不同连栽代次桉树林土壤有机碳演变特征[J].热带作物学报,2015,36(4):748-752.
[6] 韩雪成,赵雨森,辛颖,等.大兴安岭北部火烧迹地兴安落叶松人工林土壤水文效应[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(4):183-188.
[7] 邓羽松,丁树文,蔡崇法,等.鄂东南崩岗洪积扇土壤物理性质空间分异特征[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(24):4850-4857.
[8] Yu F K,Huang X H,Duan C Q,et al.Impacts of Ageratina adenophora invasion on soil physical-chemical properties of Eucalyptus plantation and implications for constructing agro-forest ecosystem [J].Ecological Engineering,2014,64:130-135.
[9] 杨金玲,张甘霖.城市“土壤水库”库容的萎缩及其环境效应[J].土壤,2008,40(6):992-996.
[10] 刘月秀,李银,曹福亮.广东桉树林土壤物理性质及其影响因子分析[J].林业工程学报,2012,26(4):13-18.
[11] Garten J C T.Soil carbon storage beneath recently established treeplantations in Tennessee and South Carolina,USA [J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2002,23:93-102.
[12] Lange B,Germann P F,Lüscher P.Significance of roots for soil water storage capacity of hydromorphic forest soils [J].Schweizerische Zeitschrift Fur Forstwesen,2010,161(12):510-516.
[13] 杨钙仁.桉树人工林对林区地表水的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2012.
[14] 刘艇,王继红.不同植被覆盖土壤水库容特征及渗透速率[J].四川农业大学学报,2010,28(4):92-96.
[15] 伍海兵,周建强,方海兰.上海中心城区绿地土壤水库特征[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(3):966-974.
[16] 王纪杰,张有郁,俞元春,等.不同林龄尾巨桉人工林土壤的水土保持功能[J].福建农林大学学报,2012,41(1):46-52.
[17] 李灵,张玉,孔丽娜,等.武夷山风景区不同林地类型土壤水分物理性质及土壤水库特性[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(3):60-65.
[18] 韦东艳.不同经营措施下桉树人工林林分特性与立地土壤状况研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2011.
[19] 时忠杰,张宁南,何常清,等.桉树人工林冠层、凋落物及土壤水文生态效应[J].生态学报,2010,30(7):1932-1939.
[20] 明安刚,于浩龙,陈厚荣,等.广西大青山米老排人工林土壤物理性质[J].林业科技开发,2010,24(5):70-73.
[21] 朱宏光,温远光,梁宏温,等.广西按树林取代马尾松林对植物多样性的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(6):149-153.
[22] 杨钙仁,苏晓琳,蔡德所,等.植被变化对人工林地蓄水功能的影响[J].中国水土保持,2012(3):18-20.