枝条更新周期对“绿岭”核桃果实抗病性的影响
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摘要
为探明早实核桃枝条更新对果实抗病性的影响,以6年生"绿岭"核桃树为试材,调查了"绿岭"核桃短期更新(更新枝枝龄为2～3年)和常规更新(更新枝枝龄为3～4年)的核桃果实发病情况。结果表明:果实发病初期,短期更新树和常规更新树的好果率无显著差异,果实抗病指数分别为5.58、3.61,表现为短期更新树显著高于常规更新树;果实成熟期,短期更新树的果实发病率、病情指数分别为64.07%、41.08,均极显著低于常规更新树的84.54%、59.95,短期更新树的抗病指数为2.49,极显著高于常规更新树的1.70;从发病初期到果实成熟期,短期更新树的好果率降低了34.93%,极显著低于常规更新树的43.05%,病情指数增加了22.20,显著低于常规更新树的31.35。由此可知,短期更新树果实病情恶化速度显著慢于常规更新树。总之,短期更新可显著提高"绿岭"核桃果实抗病性,且对延缓果实病情发展有显著效果。
In order to explore the effect of the renewal of precocious walnut branches on the disease resistance of fruits,the fruit incidence of short-term renewal(the age of branch to be renewed is 2-3 years)and conventional renewal(the age of branch to be renewed is 3-4 years)trees was investigated with 6-year-old ‘Lyuling’ walnut tree as test material.The results showed that in the early stage of fruit onset,there was no significant difference in the rate of good fruit between shortterm and conventional renewal trees,and the fruit disease resistance indexes were 5.58 and 3.61,respectively,showing that the short-term renewal tree was significantly higher than the conventional renewal tree.In the fruit maturity period,the fruit morbidity and disease index of short-term renewal trees were 64.07%and 41.08,which were significantly lower than those of conventional renewal trees at 84.54% and 59.95.From early onset to fruit maturity,the good fruit rate of short-term renewal trees decreased by 34.93%,significantly lower than 43.05% of conventional regeneration trees,and the disease index increased by 22.20,which was significantly lower than that of the conventional renewal tree(31.35).It could be seen that the disease deterioration rate of the fruit of the short-term renewal tree was significantly slower than that of the conventional renewal tree.In a word,short-term renewal could significantly improve the disease resistance of precocious walnut fruit,and had significant effect on delaying the fruit disease aggravation.
In order to explore the effect of the renewal of precocious walnut branches on the disease resistance of fruits,the fruit incidence of short-term renewal(the age of branch to be renewed is 2-3 years)and conventional renewal(the age of branch to be renewed is 3-4 years)trees was investigated with 6-year-old ‘Lyuling’ walnut tree as test material.The results showed that in the early stage of fruit onset,there was no significant difference in the rate of good fruit between shortterm and conventional renewal trees,and the fruit disease resistance indexes were 5.58 and 3.61,respectively,showing that the short-term renewal tree was significantly higher than the conventional renewal tree.In the fruit maturity period,the fruit morbidity and disease index of short-term renewal trees were 64.07%and 41.08,which were significantly lower than those of conventional renewal trees at 84.54% and 59.95.From early onset to fruit maturity,the good fruit rate of short-term renewal trees decreased by 34.93%,significantly lower than 43.05% of conventional regeneration trees,and the disease index increased by 22.20,which was significantly lower than that of the conventional renewal tree(31.35).It could be seen that the disease deterioration rate of the fruit of the short-term renewal tree was significantly slower than that of the conventional renewal tree.In a word,short-term renewal could significantly improve the disease resistance of precocious walnut fruit,and had significant effect on delaying the fruit disease aggravation.
引文
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[13]陈善波,黄洋,宋乾丽,等.不同修剪方法对核桃幼树生长量的影响[J].四川林业科技,2016,37(3):88-91.
[14]李美美,赵建建,申南南,等.重回缩与拉枝对成龄‘绿岭’核桃新梢数量、产量和根系活力的影响[J].河北林果研究,2014,29(2):150-153.
[15]再屯古丽·艾孜孜.不同修剪方式对核桃萌芽率、成枝力和坐果的影响[J].农村科技,2016(4):59-60.
[16]李保国,郭素萍,齐国辉,等.薄皮核桃新品种‘绿岭’[J].园艺学报,2007,34(1):261.
[17]桑长生,桑伟巍,马东芹,等.晚实核桃与早实核桃修剪技术要点[J]河北果树,2001(3):39.
[18]李迎超,李保国,刘军伟,等.不同早实核桃品种结果母枝结实能力的研究[J]河北林果研究,2008,23(3):292-295.
[2]王琳莹.石棉县核桃黑斑病与炭疽病病原鉴定及其防治技术研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2015.
[3]史爱霞,支小明,王春绪,等.核桃黑斑病发生原因与综合防治措施[J].西北园艺,2010(4):26-27.
[4]史爱霞,支小明,王春绪,等.陇县核桃黑斑病发生原因与综合防治措施[J].山西农业科学,2010(3):118-119.
[5]陈利英,马华冰,强静莎.修剪时期对‘绿岭’核桃枝条中淀粉含量的影响[J].北方园艺,2016(4):35-38.
[6]柴全喜,宋素智.不同修剪时期和方法对核桃枝条生长的影响[J].山西果树,2015(2):11-12.
[7]杨艳丽.不同修剪时期对核桃生长及坐果率的影响[J].林业科技通讯,2016(1):60-61.
[8]罗丽.不同短截时间和短截强度对‘川香’核桃幼树生理特性的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2015.
[9]李美美,马华冰,任俊杰,等.修剪方式对核桃生理特性影响的研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(1):108-115.
[10]张晓鹏,荀晓红,翟梅枝,等.不同修剪方式对“香玲”核桃新梢及有效穗芽的影响[J].北方园艺,2016(12):34-37.
[11]李美美,马华冰,赵爽,等.不同修剪方式对成龄‘绿岭’核桃光合作用的影响[J].林业科技开发,2014(5):104-108.
[12]张翔,翟敏,徐迎春,等.不同修剪措施对薄壳山核桃枝条生长及枝条和叶片碳氮代谢物积累的影响[J].植物资源与环境学报,2014,23(3):86-93.
[13]陈善波,黄洋,宋乾丽,等.不同修剪方法对核桃幼树生长量的影响[J].四川林业科技,2016,37(3):88-91.
[14]李美美,赵建建,申南南,等.重回缩与拉枝对成龄‘绿岭’核桃新梢数量、产量和根系活力的影响[J].河北林果研究,2014,29(2):150-153.
[15]再屯古丽·艾孜孜.不同修剪方式对核桃萌芽率、成枝力和坐果的影响[J].农村科技,2016(4):59-60.
[16]李保国,郭素萍,齐国辉,等.薄皮核桃新品种‘绿岭’[J].园艺学报,2007,34(1):261.
[17]桑长生,桑伟巍,马东芹,等.晚实核桃与早实核桃修剪技术要点[J]河北果树,2001(3):39.
[18]李迎超,李保国,刘军伟,等.不同早实核桃品种结果母枝结实能力的研究[J]河北林果研究,2008,23(3):292-295.