母猪日粮中添加低聚壳聚糖对哺乳仔猪生长、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在探讨母猪日粮中添加低聚壳聚糖对哺乳仔猪生长、血液生化指标、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响。选用24头胎次、体重和预产期相近的健康大白猪母猪,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组饲喂分别添加50和100g/t低聚壳聚糖的基础日粮,试验从母猪妊娠第85天开始至分娩后第21天时结束。结果显示:(1)Ⅱ组哺乳仔猪腹泻率显著低于对照组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组仔猪21日龄体重显著提高(P<0.05)。(2)Ⅰ组仔猪血浆乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性和甘油三酯(TG)浓度,Ⅱ组α-淀粉酶(α-AMY)、LDH活性和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)浓度均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)Ⅱ组哺乳仔猪血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,皮质醇、白介素-10(IL-10)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量均显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05),而丙二醛(MDA)浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。(4)低聚壳聚糖组母猪初乳中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、IgA和IgM含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组仔猪血清IgG和IgA含量、Ⅱ组仔猪血清IgA含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,母猪日粮中添加一定量的低聚壳聚糖能够提高哺乳仔猪的抗氧化能力、增强机体免疫能力、降低腹泻率,从而提高哺乳仔猪生长性能。
This study was conducted to explore the effect of oligo-chitosan supplemented in sow diet on growth,antioxidant capacity and immunologic function of suckling piglets.24 healthy Yorkshire sows with similar parity,body weight and expected date of confinement were assignedinto 3groups with 8replicates per group and 1sow per replicate.Sows in the control group were fed the basal diet and the others in the experimental groupsⅠandⅡ were fed the basal diet supplemented with 50 and 100g/t oligo-chitosan,respectively.The experiment lasted from the 85 th day of pregnancy to the 21 st day after delivery.The results showed as follows:(1)The diarrhea rate of suckling piglets in groupⅡ was significantly lower than those in groupⅠand the control group(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference between experimental group Ⅰ and the control group(P>0.05).The body weight at 21 days of age of suckling piglets in groupsⅠandⅡ were much higher than that in control group(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the control group,the activity of LDH and the concentration of TG in group Ⅰ,activities ofα-AMY and LDH,and concentration of LDL in groupⅡ were significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)The activity of SOD,levels of cortisol,IL-10,IL-1β,TNF-αand IFN-γin groupⅡ were significantly higher than those in groupⅠand control group(P<0.05),while the concentration of MDA was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).(4)The concentrations of immunoglobulin IgG,IgA and IgM of sow milk in groupsⅠ and Ⅱ were much higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the serum IgG and IgA levels of suckling piglets in groupⅠand IgA level in group Ⅱ were significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,the addition of oligo-chitosan at a certain dose in sow diet could improves the antioxidant and immunity capacity,reduce the diarrhea rate,and thus improve the growth performance of suckling piglets,indicating oligo-chitosan was an effective feed additive.
This study was conducted to explore the effect of oligo-chitosan supplemented in sow diet on growth,antioxidant capacity and immunologic function of suckling piglets.24 healthy Yorkshire sows with similar parity,body weight and expected date of confinement were assignedinto 3groups with 8replicates per group and 1sow per replicate.Sows in the control group were fed the basal diet and the others in the experimental groupsⅠandⅡ were fed the basal diet supplemented with 50 and 100g/t oligo-chitosan,respectively.The experiment lasted from the 85 th day of pregnancy to the 21 st day after delivery.The results showed as follows:(1)The diarrhea rate of suckling piglets in groupⅡ was significantly lower than those in groupⅠand the control group(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference between experimental group Ⅰ and the control group(P>0.05).The body weight at 21 days of age of suckling piglets in groupsⅠandⅡ were much higher than that in control group(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the control group,the activity of LDH and the concentration of TG in group Ⅰ,activities ofα-AMY and LDH,and concentration of LDL in groupⅡ were significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)The activity of SOD,levels of cortisol,IL-10,IL-1β,TNF-αand IFN-γin groupⅡ were significantly higher than those in groupⅠand control group(P<0.05),while the concentration of MDA was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).(4)The concentrations of immunoglobulin IgG,IgA and IgM of sow milk in groupsⅠ and Ⅱ were much higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the serum IgG and IgA levels of suckling piglets in groupⅠand IgA level in group Ⅱ were significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,the addition of oligo-chitosan at a certain dose in sow diet could improves the antioxidant and immunity capacity,reduce the diarrhea rate,and thus improve the growth performance of suckling piglets,indicating oligo-chitosan was an effective feed additive.
引文
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[2]皮宇,陈青,孙丽莎,等.低聚壳聚糖的生物学活性及其在畜禽生产中的应用[J].饲料博览,2013,12:31-35.PI Y,CHEN Q,SUN L S,et al.The biological activity of oligo-chitosan and application in animal production[J].Feed Review,2013,12:31-35.(in Chinese)
[3]NGUYEN N D,VAN DANG P,LE A Q,et al.Effect of oligochitosan and oligo-beta-glucan supplementation on growth,innate immunity,and disease resistance of striped catfish(Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)[J].Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry,2017,64(4):564-571.
[4]张丽萍,董万福.低聚壳聚糖在断奶仔猪应用的研究进展[J].饲料研究,2016,6:12-15.ZHANG L P,DONG W F.Research progress on application of oligo-chitosan in weaned piglets[J].Feed Research,2016,6:12-15.(in Chinese)
[5]赵颖,乔丽红,吴大伟,等.低聚壳聚糖对蛋鸡脂类代谢及鸡蛋品质的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2013,1:45-48.ZHAO Y,QIAO L H,WU D W,et al.Effects of oligo-chitosan on lipid metabolism and egg quality of laying hens[J].Cereal&Feed Industry,2013,1:45-48.(in Chinese)
[6]陈刚耀,唐志刚,温超,等.低聚壳聚糖对生长育肥猪抗氧化性能、脂类代谢和肌肉品质的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2012,8:54-57.CHEN G Y,TANG Z G,WEN C,et al.Effect of oligo-chitosan on antioxidant capacity,lipid metabolism and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs[J].Cereal&Feed Industry,2012,8:54-57.(in Chinese)
[7]LIU H T,LI W M,XU G,et al.Chitosan oligosaccharides attenuate hydrogen peroxide-induced stress injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells[J].Pharmacological Research,2009,59(3):167-175.
[8]RAO M S,CHANDER R,SHARMA A.Synergistic effect of chitooligosaccharides and lysozyme for meat preservation[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2008,41(10):1995-2001.
[9]乔恩美,赵云荣,王趁芳,等.低聚壳聚糖对肉仔鸡肌肉发育的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2013,28(9):86-90.QIAO E M,ZHAO Y R,WANG C F,et al.Effects of oligo-chitosan on development of muscle of broilers[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,2013,28(9):86-90.(in Chinese)
[10]杨伟丽,胡琴,王春梅,等.低聚壳聚糖和合生元对生长育肥猪生产性能、血清指标及肌肉成分的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2016,37(4):27-31.YANG W L,HU Q,WANG C M,et al.Effect of oligochitosan and synbiotics on growth performance,serum parameters and muscle composition of growingfinishing pigs[J].Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,2016,37(4):27-31.(in Chinese)
[11]姚丽欣.低聚壳聚糖在断奶仔猪生产上的应用研究[J].饲料广角,2011,4:33-34.YAO L X.Application of oligo-chitosan in weaning piglets production[J].Feed China,2011,4:33-34.(in Chinese)
[12]唐敏,吴国忠,郑宗林.低聚壳聚糖对断奶仔猪生产性能和血液生化指标的影响[J].饲料广角,2011,18:26-28.TANG M,WU G Z,ZHENG Z L.Effects of oligo-chitosan on production performance and blood biochemical indices of weaned piglets[J].Feed China,2011,18:26-28.(in Chinese)
[13]刘莹莹,张星,任慧波,等.低聚壳聚糖对母猪繁殖性能、泌乳性能和血浆生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(12):4525-4533.LIU Y Y,ZHANG X,REN H B,et al.Effects of oligo-chitosan on reproduction performance,lactation performance and plasma biochemical parameters of sows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(12):4525-4533.(in Chinese)
[14]俞婷,王玉,蒋宗勇,等.低聚壳聚糖对断奶仔猪盲肠管腔微生物的影响[A].中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十二次动物营养学术研讨会[C].2016.YU T,WANG Y,JIANG Z Y,et al.Effect of oligochitosan on caecum microorganism in weaning piglets[A].The 12th Animal Nutrition Symposium of Animal Nutrition Society of China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Association[C].2016.(in Chinese)
[15]YAN Y L,HU Y,SIMPSON D J,et al.Enzymatic synthesis and purification of galactosylated chitosan oligosaccharides reducing adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2017,65(25):5142-5150.
[16]LIU Y Y,KONG X F,JIANG G L,et al.Effects of dietary protein/energy ratio on growth performance,carcass trait,meat quality,and plasma metabolites in pigs of different genotypes[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2015,6(36):435-444.
[17]蒋竹英,李铁军,唐利华,等.竹炭和竹醋液对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液生理生化指标和抗氧化性能的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2013,32(3):88-93.JIANG Z Y,LI T J,TANG L H,et al.Effects of bamboo-carbon and bamboo vinegar on blood indexes and antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2013,32(3):88-93.(in Chinese)
[18]冷静,朱仁俊.不同日龄断奶应激对仔猪血液生化和免疫指标的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(4):1853-1854.LENG J,ZHU R J.Effects of weaning stress at different ages on the serum biochemical and immune indices of piglets[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(4):1853-1854.(in Chinese)
[19]LIU Y Y,LI F N,HE L Y,et al.Dietary protein intake affects expression of genes for lipid metabolism in porcine skeletal muscle in a genotype-dependent manner[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2015,113(7):1069-1077.
[20]SHARMAN M J,ERNANDEZF M L,ZERN T L,et al.Replacing dietary carbohydrate with protein and fat decreases the concentrations of small LDL and the inflammatory response induced by atherogenic diets in the guinea pig[J].Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2008,19(11):732-738.
[21]乔丽红,赵颖,倪红玉,等.低聚壳聚糖对断奶仔猪血清生化指标、抗氧化性能和粪便微生物的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2013,3:47-50.QIAO L H,ZHAO Y,NI H Y,et al.Effect of oligochitosan on serum biochemical indices,antioxidant properties and faecal microorganism of weanling piglet[J].Cereal&Feed Industry,2013,3:47-50.(in Chinese)
[22]辛清武,朱志明,李丽,等.低聚壳聚糖对北京鸭生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2018,50(4):28-32.XIN Q W,ZHU Z M,LI L,et al.Effect of chitooligosaccharide on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of Peking duck[J].Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2018,50(4):28-32.(in Chinese)
[23]肖定福,唐志如,印遇龙,等.壳聚糖对大肠杆菌攻毒仔猪生长性能和免疫力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(10):1783-1789.XIAO D F,TANG Z R,YIN Y L,et al.Effect of chitosan on growth performance and immunity in weanling pigs challenged with Escherichia coli[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(10):1783-1789.(in Chinese)
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