广州市谷河黑臭评价及其与裸藻丰度和生物量相关性分析
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摘要
藻类密度增加是黑臭现象发生的重要原因之一.目前的黑臭评价标准缺少藻类等水生生物指标,而黑臭河流中浮游微藻时空特征研究也极少.于2017年秋和2018年冬和春在谷河布设6个样点,采用污染指数法(I_1)和黑臭多因子加权指数法(I_2)评价谷河黑臭情况,同时调查浮游微藻的丰度和生物量等,并对黑臭评价结果和微藻进行Pearson相关分析.结果表明,I_2指数法更适合评价谷河的黑臭情况;裸藻门丰度与I_2的相关系数较高(r=0.784,p<0.01);裸藻门丰度比例和生物量比例与I_2的相关系数分别为0.750和0.776(p<0.01);裸藻门的种数和裸藻门污染指示种个数与I_2的相关系数均为0.623(p<0.01).裸藻门可能适合于作为评价谷河黑臭的水生生物指标.天然水体中微藻或裸藻与致臭物质的产生等有待深入研究.
Increased algae abundance was one of the important reasons for black-odor river. However, current criteria for black-odorous water assessment lacked indicators of aquatic organisms, such as algal, and few studies were carried out to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics of planktonic algae in black-odorous rivers. Six sites were located in the Gu River, which were sampled in autumn 2017, winter and spring in 2018, respectively. To evaluate the black-odorous water in the Gu River, the pollution index(I_1) and black-odor index with multi-factors(I_2) were used. At the same time, planktonic algal abundance and biomass in the water were measured, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between black-odorous water and planktonic algal. The results showed that I_2 were more suitable for assessing the Gu River. The higher positive correlation was observed between Euglena abundance and I_2(r=0.784, p<0.01). There are positive correlations between I_2 with Euglenophyta abundance percentage(r=0.750, p<0.01) as well as biomass percentage(r=0.776, p<0.01). Also, the I_2 was positively related to species numbers as well as pollution-indicating species numbers of Euglenophyta, both with the correlation coefficient of 0.623(p<0.01). Therefore, Euglenophyta could be considered as possibly aquatic monitoring indicators of the Gu River. Further research is needed to determine the interaction of algae or Euglenophyta with production of odor compounds in natural waters.
Increased algae abundance was one of the important reasons for black-odor river. However, current criteria for black-odorous water assessment lacked indicators of aquatic organisms, such as algal, and few studies were carried out to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics of planktonic algae in black-odorous rivers. Six sites were located in the Gu River, which were sampled in autumn 2017, winter and spring in 2018, respectively. To evaluate the black-odorous water in the Gu River, the pollution index(I_1) and black-odor index with multi-factors(I_2) were used. At the same time, planktonic algal abundance and biomass in the water were measured, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between black-odorous water and planktonic algal. The results showed that I_2 were more suitable for assessing the Gu River. The higher positive correlation was observed between Euglena abundance and I_2(r=0.784, p<0.01). There are positive correlations between I_2 with Euglenophyta abundance percentage(r=0.750, p<0.01) as well as biomass percentage(r=0.776, p<0.01). Also, the I_2 was positively related to species numbers as well as pollution-indicating species numbers of Euglenophyta, both with the correlation coefficient of 0.623(p<0.01). Therefore, Euglenophyta could be considered as possibly aquatic monitoring indicators of the Gu River. Further research is needed to determine the interaction of algae or Euglenophyta with production of odor compounds in natural waters.
引文
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程江,吴阿娜,车越,等.2006.平原河网地区水体黑臭预测评价关键指标研究[J].中国给水排水,22(9):18-22
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Chung S W,Chong S A,Park H S.2016.Development and applications of a predictive model for geosmin in North Han River,Korea[J].Procedia Engineering,154:521-528
邓绪伟,陶敏,张路,等.2013.洞庭湖水体异味物质及其与藻类和水质的关系[J].环境科学研究,26(1):16-21
国家环境保护总局.2002.地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社
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方宇翘,张国莹,裘祖楠.1993.苏州河水的黑臭现象研究[J].上海环境科学,12(12):21-26
Feng Z Y,Fan C X,Huang W Y,et al.2014.Microorganisms and typical organic matter responsible for lacustrine“black bloom”[J].Science of the Total Environment,470:1-8
Giglio S,Chou W K W,Ikeda H,et al.2011.Biosynthesis of 2-methylisoborneol in Cyanobacteria[J].Environmental Science&Technology,45(3):992
顾国维,蔡不忒.1983.黄浦江黑臭趋势初步预测[J].上海环境科学,2(4):24-36
国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.2002.水和废水监测分析方法,(第4版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社
郝晓明,胡湛波,刘成,等.2011.南宁市竹排冲河道水体黑臭评价模型建立研究[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),1(1):163-171
He D F,Chen R R,Zhu E H,et al.2015.Toxicity bioassays for water from black-odor rivers in Wenzhou,China[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,22(3):1731-1741
胡荣梅,鞠华.1986.苏南太湖地区主要城市水环境污染综合防治研究(下)[J].环境科学,7(4):14-23
金相灿,屠清瑛.1990.湖泊富营养化调查规范第二版[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.303-316
况琪军,胡征宇,周广杰,等.2004.香溪河流域浮游植物调查与水质评价[J].植物科学学报,22(6):507-513
况琪军,马沛明,胡征宇,等.2005.湖泊富营养化的藻类生物学评价与治理研究进展[J].安全与环境学报,5(2):87-91
李佐琛,段洪涛,张玉超,等.2015.藻源型湖泛发生过程水色变化规律[J].中国环境科学,35(2):524-532
刘玉,陈桂珠.1997.深圳福田红树林区藻类群落结构和生态学研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),36(1):101-106
刘鸿亮,金相灿,屠清瑛,等.1987.湖泊富营养调查规范[Z].北京:中国环境科学出版社.199-211
Liu C,Shen Q,Zhou Q,et al.2015.Precontrol of algae-induced black blooms through sediment dredging at appropriate depth in a typical eutrophic shallow lake[J].Ecological Engineering,77:139-145
Naes H,Aarnes H,Utkilen H C,et al.1985.Effect of photon fluence rate and specific growth rate on geosmin production of the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria brevis(Kütz.)Gom.[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,49(6):1538-1540
Oh H S,Lee C S,Srivastava A,et al.2017.Effects of environmental factors on cyanobacterial production of odorous compounds:geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol[J].J Microbiol Biotechnol,27(7):1316-1323
Peter A,K9ster O,Schildknecht A,et al.2009.Occurrence of dissolved and particle-bound taste and odor compounds in Swiss lake waters[J].Water Research,43(8):2191-2200
阮仁良,黄长缨.2002.苏州河水质黑臭评价方法和标准的探讨[J].上海水务,(3):32-36
Saadoun I M K,Schrader K K,Blevins W T.2001.Environmental and nutritional factors affecting geosmin synthesis by Anabaena sp.[J].Water Research,35(5):1209-1218
Sheng Y,Qu Y,Ding C,et al.2013.A combined application of different engineering and biological techniques to remediate a heavily polluted river[J].Ecological Engineering,57(57):1-7
沈国英,施并章.1990.海洋生态学[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社.90-91
税永红,刘菁阳,周添,等.2016.城市河道黑臭水体不同评价方法对比分析[C]//中国环境科学学会.2016全国水环境污染控制与生态修复技术高级研讨会论文集[A].北京:中国环境科学研究院.48-54
Song S K,Shon Z H,Kim Y K,et al.2009.Characteristics of malodor pollutants and aromatic VOCs around an urban valley in Korea[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,157(1/4):259-275
Sugiura N,Inamori Y,Hosaka Y,et al.1994.Algae enhancing musty odor production by actinomycetes in Lake Kasumigaura[J].Hydrobiologia,288(1):57-64
Sugiura N,Utsumi M,Wei B,et al.2010.Assessment for the complicated occurrence of nuisance odours from phytoplankton and environmental factors in a eutrophic lake[J].Lakes&Reservoirs Research&Management,9(3/4):195-201
SuurnkkiS,Gomez-Saez G V,Rantala-Ylinen A,et al.2015.Identification of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in cyanobacteria and molecular detection methods for the producers of these compounds[J].Water Research,68:56-66
谭天,陈锡平,徐晓东,等.2007.温州城市河道生态调水控制性工程设置与效果分析[J].浙江水利科技,(1):26-28
王德铭,王明霞,罗森源.1993.水生生物监测手册[M].南京:东南大学出版社
王国芳.2015.高密度蓝藻消亡对富营养化湖泊黑臭水体形成的作用及机理[D].南京:东南大学
王旭,王永刚,孙长虹,等.2016.城市黑臭水体形成机理与评价方法研究进展[J].应用生态学报,27(4):1331-1340
Wang G F,Li X N,Fang Y,et al.2014.Analysis on the formation condition of the alga-induced odorous black water agglomerate[J].Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,21(6):597-604
温灼如,张瑛玉,洪陵成,等.1987.苏州水网黑臭警报方案的研究[J].环境科学,8(4):4-9,96
徐明德,潘韩智.2009.汾河太原城区段及玉门河水质数值模拟研究[J].人民黄河,31(3):55-57
徐明德,阎正坤,朱秋丽,等.2012.基于BP神经网络-隶属度的河流黑臭评价研究[J].数学的实践与认识,42(17):55-61
徐祖信.2005.我国河流综合水质标识指数评价方法研究[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,33(4):482-488
张晶尧,徐明德,张君杰,等.2015.熵权物元可拓模型在河流黑臭评价中的应用[J].人民黄河,37(2):85-88
Zaitlin B,Watson S B.2006.Actinomycetes in relation to taste and odour in drinking water:Myths,tenets and truths[J].Water Research,40(9):1741-1753
郑丙辉,曹承进,秦延文,等.2008.三峡水库主要入库河流氮营养盐特征及其来源分析[J].环境科学,29(1):1-6
陈玉辉.2013.典型城市黑臭河道治理后的富营养化分析与预测研究[D].上海:华东师范大学
程江,吴阿娜,车越,等.2006.平原河网地区水体黑臭预测评价关键指标研究[J].中国给水排水,22(9):18-22
Christensen V G,Graham J L,Milligan C R,et al.2006.Water quality and relation to taste and odor compounds in the North Fork Ninnescah River,and Cheney Reservoir,south-central Kansas in[R].2006-5090.Reston,VA:US.Geological Survey
Chung S W,Chong S A,Park H S.2016.Development and applications of a predictive model for geosmin in North Han River,Korea[J].Procedia Engineering,154:521-528
邓绪伟,陶敏,张路,等.2013.洞庭湖水体异味物质及其与藻类和水质的关系[J].环境科学研究,26(1):16-21
国家环境保护总局.2002.地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社
Dzialowski A R,Smith V H,Huggins D G,et al.2009.Development of predictive models for geosmin-related taste and odor in Kansas,USA,drinking water reservoirs[J].Water Research,43(11):2829-2840
方宇翘,张国莹,裘祖楠.1993.苏州河水的黑臭现象研究[J].上海环境科学,12(12):21-26
Feng Z Y,Fan C X,Huang W Y,et al.2014.Microorganisms and typical organic matter responsible for lacustrine“black bloom”[J].Science of the Total Environment,470:1-8
Giglio S,Chou W K W,Ikeda H,et al.2011.Biosynthesis of 2-methylisoborneol in Cyanobacteria[J].Environmental Science&Technology,45(3):992
顾国维,蔡不忒.1983.黄浦江黑臭趋势初步预测[J].上海环境科学,2(4):24-36
国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.2002.水和废水监测分析方法,(第4版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社
郝晓明,胡湛波,刘成,等.2011.南宁市竹排冲河道水体黑臭评价模型建立研究[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),1(1):163-171
He D F,Chen R R,Zhu E H,et al.2015.Toxicity bioassays for water from black-odor rivers in Wenzhou,China[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,22(3):1731-1741
胡荣梅,鞠华.1986.苏南太湖地区主要城市水环境污染综合防治研究(下)[J].环境科学,7(4):14-23
金相灿,屠清瑛.1990.湖泊富营养化调查规范第二版[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.303-316
况琪军,胡征宇,周广杰,等.2004.香溪河流域浮游植物调查与水质评价[J].植物科学学报,22(6):507-513
况琪军,马沛明,胡征宇,等.2005.湖泊富营养化的藻类生物学评价与治理研究进展[J].安全与环境学报,5(2):87-91
李佐琛,段洪涛,张玉超,等.2015.藻源型湖泛发生过程水色变化规律[J].中国环境科学,35(2):524-532
刘玉,陈桂珠.1997.深圳福田红树林区藻类群落结构和生态学研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),36(1):101-106
刘鸿亮,金相灿,屠清瑛,等.1987.湖泊富营养调查规范[Z].北京:中国环境科学出版社.199-211
Liu C,Shen Q,Zhou Q,et al.2015.Precontrol of algae-induced black blooms through sediment dredging at appropriate depth in a typical eutrophic shallow lake[J].Ecological Engineering,77:139-145
Naes H,Aarnes H,Utkilen H C,et al.1985.Effect of photon fluence rate and specific growth rate on geosmin production of the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria brevis(Kütz.)Gom.[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,49(6):1538-1540
Oh H S,Lee C S,Srivastava A,et al.2017.Effects of environmental factors on cyanobacterial production of odorous compounds:geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol[J].J Microbiol Biotechnol,27(7):1316-1323
Peter A,K9ster O,Schildknecht A,et al.2009.Occurrence of dissolved and particle-bound taste and odor compounds in Swiss lake waters[J].Water Research,43(8):2191-2200
阮仁良,黄长缨.2002.苏州河水质黑臭评价方法和标准的探讨[J].上海水务,(3):32-36
Saadoun I M K,Schrader K K,Blevins W T.2001.Environmental and nutritional factors affecting geosmin synthesis by Anabaena sp.[J].Water Research,35(5):1209-1218
Sheng Y,Qu Y,Ding C,et al.2013.A combined application of different engineering and biological techniques to remediate a heavily polluted river[J].Ecological Engineering,57(57):1-7
沈国英,施并章.1990.海洋生态学[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社.90-91
税永红,刘菁阳,周添,等.2016.城市河道黑臭水体不同评价方法对比分析[C]//中国环境科学学会.2016全国水环境污染控制与生态修复技术高级研讨会论文集[A].北京:中国环境科学研究院.48-54
Song S K,Shon Z H,Kim Y K,et al.2009.Characteristics of malodor pollutants and aromatic VOCs around an urban valley in Korea[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,157(1/4):259-275
Sugiura N,Inamori Y,Hosaka Y,et al.1994.Algae enhancing musty odor production by actinomycetes in Lake Kasumigaura[J].Hydrobiologia,288(1):57-64
Sugiura N,Utsumi M,Wei B,et al.2010.Assessment for the complicated occurrence of nuisance odours from phytoplankton and environmental factors in a eutrophic lake[J].Lakes&Reservoirs Research&Management,9(3/4):195-201
SuurnkkiS,Gomez-Saez G V,Rantala-Ylinen A,et al.2015.Identification of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in cyanobacteria and molecular detection methods for the producers of these compounds[J].Water Research,68:56-66
谭天,陈锡平,徐晓东,等.2007.温州城市河道生态调水控制性工程设置与效果分析[J].浙江水利科技,(1):26-28
王德铭,王明霞,罗森源.1993.水生生物监测手册[M].南京:东南大学出版社
王国芳.2015.高密度蓝藻消亡对富营养化湖泊黑臭水体形成的作用及机理[D].南京:东南大学
王旭,王永刚,孙长虹,等.2016.城市黑臭水体形成机理与评价方法研究进展[J].应用生态学报,27(4):1331-1340
Wang G F,Li X N,Fang Y,et al.2014.Analysis on the formation condition of the alga-induced odorous black water agglomerate[J].Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,21(6):597-604
温灼如,张瑛玉,洪陵成,等.1987.苏州水网黑臭警报方案的研究[J].环境科学,8(4):4-9,96
徐明德,潘韩智.2009.汾河太原城区段及玉门河水质数值模拟研究[J].人民黄河,31(3):55-57
徐明德,阎正坤,朱秋丽,等.2012.基于BP神经网络-隶属度的河流黑臭评价研究[J].数学的实践与认识,42(17):55-61
徐祖信.2005.我国河流综合水质标识指数评价方法研究[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,33(4):482-488
张晶尧,徐明德,张君杰,等.2015.熵权物元可拓模型在河流黑臭评价中的应用[J].人民黄河,37(2):85-88
Zaitlin B,Watson S B.2006.Actinomycetes in relation to taste and odour in drinking water:Myths,tenets and truths[J].Water Research,40(9):1741-1753
郑丙辉,曹承进,秦延文,等.2008.三峡水库主要入库河流氮营养盐特征及其来源分析[J].环境科学,29(1):1-6