杭州市城市生活垃圾处理主要温室气体及VOCs排放特征
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摘要
为了解城市生活垃圾处理过程中主要温室气体及VOCs排放的变化特征,基于《2006年IPCC国家温室气体清单指南》《浙江省市县温室气体清单编制指南》和《大气挥发性有机物源排放清单编制技术指南》推荐的方法,估算了2005—2016年杭州市生活垃圾处理主要温室气体及VOCs排放量.结果表明:2005—2016年杭州市生活垃圾处理过程中温室气体排放占绝对主导地位,VOCs排放只占极少一部分.杭州市生活垃圾处理主要温室气体和VOCs排放量总体上呈上升趋势,与2005年相比,2016年杭州市生活垃圾处理主要温室气体排放量增长了68. 8%,VOCs排放量增长了134. 0%.从生活垃圾处理方式来看,杭州市生活垃圾填埋处理的温室气体排放量远高于焚烧处理方式,但填埋处理的VOCs排放量却低于焚烧处理方式(2007年和2008年除外).杭州市生活垃圾填埋处理和焚烧处理的温室气体排放强度分别为0. 72～0. 86、0. 18～0. 23.从排放贡献和排放强度来看,采用填埋处理方式有利于减少垃圾处理过程中VOCs的排放,而采用焚烧处理方式更有利于温室气体的减排.随着人均生活垃圾产生量的上升,无论是温室气体还是VOCs,杭州市人均垃圾处理排放量总体呈现稳步上升的态势.研究显示,深入垃圾分类回收、控制人均生活垃圾产生量、优化垃圾焚烧处理方式,可以实现生活垃圾处理主要温室气体和VOCs的协同减排.
In order to investigate the characteristics of main greenhouse gas(GHG) and volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emissions from municipal solid waste disposal,this study made use of the ‘2006 IPCC Guideline for National GHG Inventories',‘Guideline for Zhejiang GHG Inventories ' and ‘Guideline for Atmospheric VOCs Inventories ' to estimate the related GHG and VOCs emissions in Hangzhou City from 2005 to 2016. The results showed that GHG emissions were dominant in the process of municipal solid waste disposal,whereas VOCs emissions accounted for a tiny proportion. The GHG and VOCs emissions from municipal solid waste disposal increased by68. 8% and 134. 0%,respectively,between 2005 and 2016. The GHG emissions were much higher from landfill than from incineration.On the contrary,the VOCs emission from landfill were much lower than from incineration(except for the period 2007 and 2008). The intensity of GHG emissions from landfill disposal and incineration was 0. 72-0. 86 and 0. 18-0. 23,respectively. In terms of emission contribution and emission intensity,landfill disposal is beneficial to reduce the emissions of VOCs,and incineration is more helpful for reducing GHG emissions. With the increase of solid waste discharge per capita,both GHG and VOCs emissions per capita from municipal solid waste disposal in general showed a steady upward trend. Research showed that the sorting and recycling of solid waste,control of solid waste discharge per person and optimization of solid waste incineration can help achieve simultaneous reductions of GHG and VOCs emissions.
In order to investigate the characteristics of main greenhouse gas(GHG) and volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emissions from municipal solid waste disposal,this study made use of the ‘2006 IPCC Guideline for National GHG Inventories',‘Guideline for Zhejiang GHG Inventories ' and ‘Guideline for Atmospheric VOCs Inventories ' to estimate the related GHG and VOCs emissions in Hangzhou City from 2005 to 2016. The results showed that GHG emissions were dominant in the process of municipal solid waste disposal,whereas VOCs emissions accounted for a tiny proportion. The GHG and VOCs emissions from municipal solid waste disposal increased by68. 8% and 134. 0%,respectively,between 2005 and 2016. The GHG emissions were much higher from landfill than from incineration.On the contrary,the VOCs emission from landfill were much lower than from incineration(except for the period 2007 and 2008). The intensity of GHG emissions from landfill disposal and incineration was 0. 72-0. 86 and 0. 18-0. 23,respectively. In terms of emission contribution and emission intensity,landfill disposal is beneficial to reduce the emissions of VOCs,and incineration is more helpful for reducing GHG emissions. With the increase of solid waste discharge per capita,both GHG and VOCs emissions per capita from municipal solid waste disposal in general showed a steady upward trend. Research showed that the sorting and recycling of solid waste,control of solid waste discharge per person and optimization of solid waste incineration can help achieve simultaneous reductions of GHG and VOCs emissions.
引文
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[2]孔令强,田光进,柳晓娟.中国城市生活固体垃圾排放时空特征[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(4):1408-1417.KONG Lingqiang, TIAN Guangjin, LIU Xiaojuan. The spatiotemporaI dynamic pattern of urban solid waste emission in China[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(4):1408-1417.
[3]张艳艳,景元书,高庆先,等.我国城市固体废物处理情况及温室气体减排启示[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(8):909-916.ZHANG Yanyan,JING Yuanshu,GAO Qingxian,et al. Disposal situation of municipal solid waste in China and inspiration for GHG reduction[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2011,24(8):909-916.
[4]ANWAR J,SAEED I A,HASLENDA H,et al. Economic and environmental benefits of landfill gas from municipal solid waste in Malaysia[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2012,16(5):2907-2912.
[5]于洋,崔胜辉,林剑艺,等.城市废弃物处理温室气体排放研究:以厦门市为例[J].环境科学,2012,33(9):3288-3294.YU Yang,CUI Shenghui,LIN Jianyi,et al.Study on greenhouse gas emissions from urban waste disposal system:a case study in Xiamen[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(9):3288-3294.
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[8]WU Rongrong,XIE Shaodong.Spatial distribution of ozone formation in China derived from emissions of speciated volatile organic compounds[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2017,51(5):2574-2583.
[9]王红丽.上海市大气挥发性有机物化学消耗与臭氧生成的关系[J].环境科学,2015,36(9):3159-3167.WANG Hongli.Chemical loss of volatile organic compounds and its impact on the formation of ozone in Shanghai[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(9):3159-3167.
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[12]黄积庆,郑有飞,吴晓云,等.城市垃圾填埋场温室气体及VOCs排放的研究进展[J].环境工程,2015,33(8):70-73.HUANG Jiqing,ZHENG Youfei,WU Xiaoyun,et al. Advanced progress of greenhouse gases and VOCs from municipal solid waste landfill[J].Environmental Engineering,2015,33(8):70-73.
[13]薛婕,罗宏,吕连宏,等.中国主要大气污染物和温室气体的排放特征与关联性[J].资源科学,2012,34(8):1452-1460.XUE Jie,LUO Hong,LV Lianhong,et al. Emission characteristics and correlation of main air pollutant and greenhouse gas in China[J].Resources Science,2012,34(8):1452-1460.
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[16]郑佳佳,孙星,张牧吟,等.温室气体减排与大气污染控制的协同效应:国内外研究综述[J].生态经济,2015,31(11):133-137.ZHENG Jiajia,SUN Xing,ZHANG Muyin,et al. Review of researches on the synergistic effect of GHGs mitigation and air pollution control at home and abroad[J]. Ecological Economy,2015,31(11):133-137.
[17]李文涛,高庆先,王立,等.我国城市生活垃圾处理温室气体排放特征[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(7):1031-1038.LI Wentao, GAO Qingxian, WANG Li, et al. Emission characteristics of greenhouse gases from municipal solid waste treatment in China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(7):1031-1038.
[18]潘玲阳,叶红,黄少鹏,等.北京市生活垃圾处理的温室气体排放变化分析[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(9):116-124.PAN Lingyang,YE Hong,HUANG Shaopeng,et al.Greenhouse gas emission from municipal solid waste treatment in Beijing[J].Environmental Science&Technology(China),2010,33(9):116-124.
[19]王安,赵天忠.北京市废弃物处理温室气体排放特征[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(2):68-75.WANG An, ZHAO Tianzhong. Greenhouse gas emission characteristics of municipal waste management in Beijing[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(2):68-75.
[20]吕任生,贾尔恒·阿哈提,赵晨曦,等.新疆城市废弃物处置温室气体排放研究[J].环境工程,2015,33(10):147-151.LV Rensheng,JIAERHENG Ahati,ZHAO Chenxi,et al. Study on greenhouse gas emissions from Xingjiang urban waste disposal system[J].Environmental Engineering,2015,33(10):147-151.
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[22]KUMAR A,SHARMA M P.GHG emission and carbon sequestration potential from MSW of Indian metro cities[J]. Urban Climate,2014,8(6):30-41.
[23]ROUHALLAH M,BEHZAD V,HAMIDREZA K.Greenhouse gases life cycle assessment(GHGLCA)as a decision support tool for municipal solid waste management in Iran[J]. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science&Engineering,2014,12(4):1-12.
[24]闫东杰,苏航,黄学敏,等.西安市人为源挥发性有机物排放清单及研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(2):446-452.YAN Dongjie,SU Hang,HUANG Xuemin,et al. VOCs emission inventory of anthropogenic sources in Xi'an[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(2):446-452.
[25]刘金凤,赵静,李湉湉,等.我国人为源挥发性有机物排放清单的建立[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(6):496-500.LIU Jinfeng,ZHAO Jing,LI Tiantian,et al. Establishment of Chinese anthropogenic source volatile organic compounds emission inventory[J]. China Environmental Science,2008,28(6):496-500.
[26]陈小方,张伟霞,陈柄旭,等.江门市人为源挥发性有机物排放清单[J].环境科学,2018,39(2):600-607.CHEN Xiaofang,ZHANG Weixia,CHEN Bingxu,et al. Emission inventory of anthropogenic VOCs in Jiangmen City[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(2):600-607.
[27]夏思佳,赵秋月,李冰,等.江苏省人为源挥发性有机物排放清单[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(2):120-126.XIA Sijia,ZHAO Qiuyue,LI Bing,et al. Anthropogenic source VOCs emission inventory of Jiangsu Province[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(2):120-126.
[28]ANJALI S,DIPANJALI M. Emission inventory of evaporative emissions of VOCs in four metro cities in India[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2010,160(1/2/3/4):315-322.
[29]浙江省发展和改革委员会.浙江省市县温室气体清单编制指南[R].杭州:浙江省发展和改革委员会,2015.
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[31]郑思伟,唐伟,谷雨,等.城市生活垃圾填埋处理甲烷排放估算及控制途径研究[J].环境科学与管理,2013,38(7):45-49.ZHENG Siwei,TANG Wei,GU Yu,et al. Estimation and control of methane emissions in landfills[J]. Environmental Science and Management,2013,38(7):45-49.
[32]刘俊蓉,马占云,张艳艳,等.我国城市生活垃圾填埋处理CH4排放关键因子[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(9):975-980.LIU Junrong,MA Zhanyun,ZHANG Yanyan,et al. Key methane emission factors from municipal solid waste landfill treatment in China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(9):975-980.
[33]朱文婷,韦保仁.苏州市生活垃圾处理碳足迹核查[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(7):828-834.ZHU Wenting,WEI Baoren.Carbon footprint calculation for disposal of household solid waste in Suzhou[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2011,24(7):828-834.