循证医学的产生与发展:社会需求、学科发展和人文反思共同推动
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摘要
社会需求、学科发展和人文反思共同催生了循证医学,"以需求为导向,遵循证据的实践、关注实践结果,后效评价、止于至善"的循证医学又不断满足社会需求、促进学科发展、体现人文关怀。循证医学在服务各种重大卫生需求的过程中逐渐从临床医学发展到公共卫生、社会、管理、经济、政策研究和教育等领域。其生产的高质量证据也成为各领域科学决策的重要依据。本文首次从社会需求、学科发展和人文反思角度阐述循证医学的产生和发展
The social needs, disciplinary development and humanistic reflection has promoted the emergence and development of evidence-based medicine. Moreover, evidence-based medicine-problems oriented research, evidencebased decision, transferring results to practice and outcome evaluation-continues to meet society demands, promote the development of discipline and show humanist concern. The application of evidence-based medicine has graduallyextended from the field of clinical medicine to the public health, society, management, economy, policy research and education in the process of solving various problems. The high quality evidence has also been important to decision-making in these fields. Our study explored the emergence and development of evidence-based medicine from theperspective of social needs, disciplinary development and humanistic reflection for the first time.
The social needs, disciplinary development and humanistic reflection has promoted the emergence and development of evidence-based medicine. Moreover, evidence-based medicine-problems oriented research, evidencebased decision, transferring results to practice and outcome evaluation-continues to meet society demands, promote the development of discipline and show humanist concern. The application of evidence-based medicine has graduallyextended from the field of clinical medicine to the public health, society, management, economy, policy research and education in the process of solving various problems. The high quality evidence has also been important to decision-making in these fields. Our study explored the emergence and development of evidence-based medicine from theperspective of social needs, disciplinary development and humanistic reflection for the first time.
引文
1 Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. Evidence-based medicine. a new approach to teaching the practice of medicine.JAMA, 1992, 268(17):2420-2425.
2 Sachett DL, Straus SE, Richardson WS, et al. Evidence-based medicine:how to practice and teach EBM(2nd ed). London:Churchill livingstone, 2000.
3李幼平,杨克虎,主编.循证医学(第1版).北京:人民卫生出版社,2016.
4 Callahan D. The WHO definition of'health'. Stud Hastings Cent,1973,1(3):77-88.
5 World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe. Health promotion:a discussion document on the concept and principles.Copenhagen:summary report of the Working Group on Concept and Principles of Health Promotion, 1984.
6 Mahler H. The meaning of Health For All by the year 2000. Am J Public Health, 2016,106(1):36-38.
7 The millennium development goals. Available at:https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/poverty.shtml.
8联合国2030可持续发展议程. Available at:https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/zh/development-agenda/.
9 World health report 2000. Health systems:improving performance.Available at:http://www.who.int/whr/en/.
10 WHO. New perspectives on global health spending for universal health coverage. Available at:http://www.who.int/health_financing/topics/resource-tracking/new-perspectives/en/.
11国际货币基金组织.国际货币基金组织2018年年报.Available at:https://www.imf.org/external/chinese/.
12李洋,彭伟霞,丁永明.五星级医生的培养(2).上海预防医学杂志,2007,(7):317-319, 325.
13美国中华医学基金会.全球医学教育最低基本要求.医学教育,2002,(4):23-25.
14 Jocalyn C,姚巡.学院医学未来展望-ICRAM远景预案.中国循证医学杂志,2005, 5(8):589-590, 640.
15王家良.流行病学在临床医学领域内的重大发展-临床流行病学.中华流行病学杂志,1996, 17(1):3-5.
16陈洁.卫生技术评估.北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
17 Brian S. Textbook of pharmacoepidemiology. West Sussex,England:John Wiley and Sons, 2006.
18周文.药物流行病学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2007.
19杜亮,李幼平.Archie Cochrane-Cochrane系统评价的倡导者.中国循证医学杂志,2005, 5(2):174-176.
20李晨,张炬倩,蔡羽嘉,等.以患者为本,探索临床干预的真实疗效-记Iain Chalmers的成长奋斗历程.中国循证医学杂志,2007,7(4):321-325.
21邝心颖,李幼平,张鸣明.2017年Cochrane带给中国的机遇.中国循证医学杂志,2018, 18(8):1-7.
22 Andre P. David Sackett:the father of evidence-based medicine.Available at:https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-andfitness/health/david-sackett-the-father-of-evidence-basedmedicine/article24607930/.
23李峻,吴红梅,董碧蓉.Gordon Henry Guyatt-循证临床实践者.中国循证医学杂志,2005, 5(7):568-570, 573.
24 Two professors named to Medical Hall of Fame. McMaster University. Available at:http://www.cdnmedhall.org/inductees/gordonguyatt.
25 Miranda H. Great medical advance:sanitation. Available at:https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/news/20070119/greatestmedical-advancement-sanitation#I.
26 Parsa-Parsi RW. The revised declaration of geneva:a modern-day physician s pledge. JAMA, 2017,318(20):1971-1972.
27 Heneghan C, Mahtani KR, Goldacre B, et al. Evidence based medicine manifesto for better healthcare. BMJ, 2017, 357:j2973.
2 Sachett DL, Straus SE, Richardson WS, et al. Evidence-based medicine:how to practice and teach EBM(2nd ed). London:Churchill livingstone, 2000.
3李幼平,杨克虎,主编.循证医学(第1版).北京:人民卫生出版社,2016.
4 Callahan D. The WHO definition of'health'. Stud Hastings Cent,1973,1(3):77-88.
5 World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe. Health promotion:a discussion document on the concept and principles.Copenhagen:summary report of the Working Group on Concept and Principles of Health Promotion, 1984.
6 Mahler H. The meaning of Health For All by the year 2000. Am J Public Health, 2016,106(1):36-38.
7 The millennium development goals. Available at:https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/poverty.shtml.
8联合国2030可持续发展议程. Available at:https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/zh/development-agenda/.
9 World health report 2000. Health systems:improving performance.Available at:http://www.who.int/whr/en/.
10 WHO. New perspectives on global health spending for universal health coverage. Available at:http://www.who.int/health_financing/topics/resource-tracking/new-perspectives/en/.
11国际货币基金组织.国际货币基金组织2018年年报.Available at:https://www.imf.org/external/chinese/.
12李洋,彭伟霞,丁永明.五星级医生的培养(2).上海预防医学杂志,2007,(7):317-319, 325.
13美国中华医学基金会.全球医学教育最低基本要求.医学教育,2002,(4):23-25.
14 Jocalyn C,姚巡.学院医学未来展望-ICRAM远景预案.中国循证医学杂志,2005, 5(8):589-590, 640.
15王家良.流行病学在临床医学领域内的重大发展-临床流行病学.中华流行病学杂志,1996, 17(1):3-5.
16陈洁.卫生技术评估.北京:人民卫生出版社,2008.
17 Brian S. Textbook of pharmacoepidemiology. West Sussex,England:John Wiley and Sons, 2006.
18周文.药物流行病学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2007.
19杜亮,李幼平.Archie Cochrane-Cochrane系统评价的倡导者.中国循证医学杂志,2005, 5(2):174-176.
20李晨,张炬倩,蔡羽嘉,等.以患者为本,探索临床干预的真实疗效-记Iain Chalmers的成长奋斗历程.中国循证医学杂志,2007,7(4):321-325.
21邝心颖,李幼平,张鸣明.2017年Cochrane带给中国的机遇.中国循证医学杂志,2018, 18(8):1-7.
22 Andre P. David Sackett:the father of evidence-based medicine.Available at:https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-andfitness/health/david-sackett-the-father-of-evidence-basedmedicine/article24607930/.
23李峻,吴红梅,董碧蓉.Gordon Henry Guyatt-循证临床实践者.中国循证医学杂志,2005, 5(7):568-570, 573.
24 Two professors named to Medical Hall of Fame. McMaster University. Available at:http://www.cdnmedhall.org/inductees/gordonguyatt.
25 Miranda H. Great medical advance:sanitation. Available at:https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/news/20070119/greatestmedical-advancement-sanitation#I.
26 Parsa-Parsi RW. The revised declaration of geneva:a modern-day physician s pledge. JAMA, 2017,318(20):1971-1972.
27 Heneghan C, Mahtani KR, Goldacre B, et al. Evidence based medicine manifesto for better healthcare. BMJ, 2017, 357:j2973.