生物氢烷耦合微藻养殖的畜禽粪污资源化系统质量流分析
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摘要
目前畜禽废弃物厌氧产甲烷技术具有发酵周期长和发酵液处理难等问题,相比之下,耦合两阶段厌氧发酵和微藻技术制取氢气和甲烷(氢烷)可缩短发酵周期,发酵液通过养殖微藻实现营养回收,且生物量增值可用于制取更多氢烷气体,是一种具有应用前景的集成系统。文章在实验室规模下构建日处理量为6 kg猪粪的耦合系统,并对其进行质量流分析。耦合系统质量流分析表明,与仅厌氧发酵产生物氢烷相比,耦合系统能量回收率提高了23.61%,且耦合系统可更有效利用氮元素,为畜禽粪污资源化途径提供参考。
The traditional biogas production from livestock waste has two big problem of long fermentation time and being difficult to deal with the digestate.In comparison,the two-stage anaerobic fermentation allows to produce bio-hydrogen and bio-methane(bio-hythane) as a more clean fuel with shortened fermentation time,and the digestate can be utilized for algae growth,thus providing a sustainable alternative to the disposal of livestock waste.In this paper,we proposed a laboratory scaled(6 kg of daily processing capacity) integrated system coupling the bio-hythane production with algae cultivation.The feasibility of the coupling system and its mass flow were analyzed based on our previous experiment data and literature.The result showed that,comparing with the two-stage anaerobic digestion without algae cultivation,the integrated system had about 23.61% higher energy recovery.And the integrated system could utilize nitrogen more effectively.
The traditional biogas production from livestock waste has two big problem of long fermentation time and being difficult to deal with the digestate.In comparison,the two-stage anaerobic fermentation allows to produce bio-hydrogen and bio-methane(bio-hythane) as a more clean fuel with shortened fermentation time,and the digestate can be utilized for algae growth,thus providing a sustainable alternative to the disposal of livestock waste.In this paper,we proposed a laboratory scaled(6 kg of daily processing capacity) integrated system coupling the bio-hythane production with algae cultivation.The feasibility of the coupling system and its mass flow were analyzed based on our previous experiment data and literature.The result showed that,comparing with the two-stage anaerobic digestion without algae cultivation,the integrated system had about 23.61% higher energy recovery.And the integrated system could utilize nitrogen more effectively.
引文
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[24]Collet Pierre,Helias Arnaud,Lardon Laurent,et al.Life-cycle assessment of microalgae culture coupled to biogas production[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(1):207-214.
[25]刘荣厚.新能源工程[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[26]Kadam K L.Environment implication of power generation viacoal-microalgaecofiring[J].Energy,2002(27):905-922.
[27]林源,马骥,秦富.中国畜禽粪便资源结构分布及发展展望[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(32):1-5.
[28]Zhang Y,White M A,Colosi L M.Environmental and economic assessment of integrated systems for dairy manure treatment coupled with algae bioenergy production[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,130:486-494.
[2]Hamelin L,Wesnaes M,Wenzel H,et al.Environmental Consequences of Future Biogas Technologies Based on Separated Slurry[J].Environmental Science Technology,2011,45(13):5869-5877.
[3]Nasir I M,Ghazi T I M,Omar R.Anaerobic digestion technology in livestock manure treatment for biogas production:A review[J].Engineering in Life Sciences,2012,12(3):258-269.
[4]Liu Z,Zhang C,Lu Y,et al.States and challenges for high-value biohythane production from waste biomass by dark fermentation technology[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,135:292-303.
[5]Lu Y,Lai Q,Zhang C,et al.Characteristics of hydrogen and methane production from cornstalks by an augmented two-or three-stage anaerobic fermentation process[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(12):2889-2895.
[6]Chu C,Li Y,Xu K,et al.A p H and temperaturephased two-stage process for hydrogen and methane production from food waste[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2008,33(18):4739-4746.
[7]Li W,Yu H.From wastewater to bioenergy and biochemicals via two-stage bioconversion processes:A future paradigm[J].Biotechnology Advances,2011,29(6):972-982.
[8]Liu Z,Zhang C,Wang L,et al.Effects of furan derivatives on biohydrogen fermentation from wet steam-exploded cornstalk and its microbial community[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,175:152-159.
[9]Schenk PM,S R Thomas Hall,E Stephens.Second Generation Biofuels:High-Efficiency Microalgae for Biodiesel Production[J].Bioenergy Research,2008,1(1):20-43.
[10]Pittman J K,Dean A P,Osundeko O.The potential of sustainable algal biofuel production using wastewater resources[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(1SI):17-25.
[11]Crutzen P J,A R Mosier,K A Smith.N2O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2008,8(2):389-395.
[12]Munoz R,Guieysse B.Algal-bacterial processes for the treatment of hazardous contaminants:A review[J].Water Research,2006,40(15):2799-2815.
[13]刘战广,朱洪光,王彪,等.粪草比对干式厌氧发酵产沼气效果的影响[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(4):196-200.
[14]Si B,Liu Z,Zhang Y,et al.Effect of reaction mode on biohydrogen production and its microbial diversity[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2015,40(8):3191-3200.
[15]Thti H,P Kaparaju,J Rintala.Hydrogen and methane production in extreme thermophilic conditions in twostage(upflow anaerobic sludge bed)UASB reactor system[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2013,38(12):4997-5002.
[16]Valdez Vazquez,et al,Semi-continuous solid substrate anaerobic reactors for H2 production from organic waste:Mesophilic versus thermophilic regime[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2005,30(13-14):1383-1391.
[17]Suali E,R Sarbatly.Conversion of microalgae to biofuel[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2012,16(6):4316-4342.
[18]靳红梅,付广青,常志州,等.猪、牛粪厌氧发酵中氮素形态转化及其在沼液和沼渣中的分布[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(21):208-214.
[19]叶小梅,杜静.厌氧发酵对猪粪与奶牛粪固、液体中磷含量的影响[G]//中国沼气学会学术年会,2012.
[20]彭朴.微藻养殖反应器分类及生物质产率计算方法[J].生物产业技术,2011(6):65-71.
[21]Abayomi A,T M B E.Microalgae technologies&processes for biofuels/bioenergy production in British Columbia:current technology,suitability,and barriers to implementation[Z].2009.
[22]Ras M,Lardon Laurent,Bruno Sialve,et al.Experimental study on a coupled process of production and anaerobic digestion of Chlorella vulgaris[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(1):200-206.
[23]Sialve B,N Bernet,O Bernard.Anaerobic digestion of microalgae as a necessary step to make microalgal biodiesel sustainable[J].Biotechnology Advances,2009,27(4):409-416.
[24]Collet Pierre,Helias Arnaud,Lardon Laurent,et al.Life-cycle assessment of microalgae culture coupled to biogas production[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(1):207-214.
[25]刘荣厚.新能源工程[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[26]Kadam K L.Environment implication of power generation viacoal-microalgaecofiring[J].Energy,2002(27):905-922.
[27]林源,马骥,秦富.中国畜禽粪便资源结构分布及发展展望[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(32):1-5.
[28]Zhang Y,White M A,Colosi L M.Environmental and economic assessment of integrated systems for dairy manure treatment coupled with algae bioenergy production[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,130:486-494.