臭氧-吹脱预处理沼液废水以培养微藻的研究
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摘要
采用微藻吸收利用沼液废水中的N、P,既可以避免低C/N比带来的生物处理困难,又可以回收微藻用于生物能源制备或作为养殖饵料。为了避免沼液废水中的氨氮、悬浮物以及有害生物对微藻的影响,该研究采用臭氧-空气吹脱联用技术处理沼液废水,而后用于培养产油斜生栅藻。研究结果表明,经臭氧预处理2 h后,沼液废水的浊度下降93.8%,色度从150降低到2,COD下降48.5%,但臭氧对氨氮去除效果仅5.8%。通过串联的空气吹脱处理,在不加碱液的情况下,10 L/min的曝气量能在6 h使沼液氨氮从580 mg/L降低到149.75 mg/L,pH维持在9.70附近,可以直接用于斜生栅藻的培养。将微藻接种于处理后的沼液,经72 h的光照培养后,系统中斜生栅藻生物量从0.7 g/L上升到1.87 g/L,出水的COD、氨氮和可溶性磷酸盐分别降低至110.4、3.47和0.17 mg/L,基本达到废水排放标准。
Adopting microalgae to absorb and utilize N, P in the wastewater of biogas slurry not only can avoid the difficulty of biological treatment caused by the low C/N ratio, but also can recycle microalgae for bioenergy preparations or fishery feed,thus reusing N and P nutrients in the biogas slurry. In order to preclude the influence of ammonia nitrogen, suspended solids,and harmful organisms in biogas slurry wastewater on microalgae, the ozone-air blow-off technology was used to treat the biogas slurry wastewater, which was then used to culture oil-producing S. obliquus. The results showed that 2-hour ozone pretreatment could reduce 93.8% of the turbidity in the wastewater, change the chroma from 150 to 2, and decrease the COD by 48.5%. However, the ammonia removal rate was only 5.8%. Through 6-hour-air-stripping treatment, the concentration of N in the wastewater decreased to 149.75 mg/L and the pH maintained at 9.70 without additional alkali liquor. Therefore,the treated wastewater could be directly used for cultivation of the microalgae. After 72-hour cultivation, the biomass of S. obliquus increased from 0.7 g/L to 1.87 g/L and the COD, ammonia nitrogen and phosphate were reduced to 110.4, 3.47 and 0.17 mg/L, respectively, basically meeting the wastewater discharge standards.
Adopting microalgae to absorb and utilize N, P in the wastewater of biogas slurry not only can avoid the difficulty of biological treatment caused by the low C/N ratio, but also can recycle microalgae for bioenergy preparations or fishery feed,thus reusing N and P nutrients in the biogas slurry. In order to preclude the influence of ammonia nitrogen, suspended solids,and harmful organisms in biogas slurry wastewater on microalgae, the ozone-air blow-off technology was used to treat the biogas slurry wastewater, which was then used to culture oil-producing S. obliquus. The results showed that 2-hour ozone pretreatment could reduce 93.8% of the turbidity in the wastewater, change the chroma from 150 to 2, and decrease the COD by 48.5%. However, the ammonia removal rate was only 5.8%. Through 6-hour-air-stripping treatment, the concentration of N in the wastewater decreased to 149.75 mg/L and the pH maintained at 9.70 without additional alkali liquor. Therefore,the treated wastewater could be directly used for cultivation of the microalgae. After 72-hour cultivation, the biomass of S. obliquus increased from 0.7 g/L to 1.87 g/L and the COD, ammonia nitrogen and phosphate were reduced to 110.4, 3.47 and 0.17 mg/L, respectively, basically meeting the wastewater discharge standards.
引文
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[19]丁春生,缪佳,秦树林,等.臭氧/活性炭/紫外光联用处理几种高浓度有机废水影响因素[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(3):496-501.Ding Chunsheng,Miao Jia,Qin Shulin,et al.Influencing factors of high-concentration organic wastewater treatment by O3/UV using granular activated carbon(GAC)as the catalyst[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2008,28(3):496-501.
[20]曾鑫,呼世斌,屈广周,等.臭氧氧化处理养猪场厌氧沼液[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(7):3332-3338.Zeng Xin,Hu Shibin,Qu Guangzhou,et al.Treatment of swine farm anaerobic biogas slurry by ozone oxidation[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(7):3332-3338.
[21]龚川南,陈玉成,黄磊.曝气吹脱法用于牛场沼液污染物的去除[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(5):2291-2296.Gong Chuannan,Chen Yucheng,Huang Lei.Pollutants removal characteristics by air stripping with aeration treating biogas slurry of cattle manure[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(5):2291-2296.
[22]Edward B Rinker,Sami S Ashour,Michael C Johnson,et al.Kinetics of the aqueous-phase reaction between ozone and2,4,6-trichlorophenol[J].Aiche Journal,1999,45(8):1802-1807.
[23]李伦,汪宏渭,陆嘉竑.城镇高氨氮污水的吹脱除氮试验研究[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(17):92-95.Li Lun,Wang Hongwei,Lu Jiahong.Nitrogen removal using air stripping tower in urban wastewater treatment plant[J].China Water&Wastewater,2006,22(17):92-95.
[24]Pittman JK,Dean AP,Osundeko O,et al.The potential of sustainable algal biofuel production using wastewater resources[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(1):17-25.
[25]乔汪砚,王惠生,杨鹏,等.臭氧在蔬菜废弃物发酵液深度处理中的应用[J].环境工程,2012,30(1):35-38.Qiao Wangyan,Wang Huisheng,Yang Peng,et al.Application of ozone in deep treatment of vegetable waste fermentation broth[J].Environmental Engineering,2012,30(1):35-38.
[26]Powell N,Shilton AN,Pratt S,et al.Factors influencing luxury uptake of phosphorus by microalgae in waste stabilization pond[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2008,42(16):5958-5962.
[27]李晓洋,周志刚.奶牛场废水中微藻的分离、鉴定及油脂分析[C].//第一届中国海洋可再生能源发展年会暨论坛论文集,2012.Li Xiaoyang,Zhou Zhigang.Microalgae Separation,Identification and Oleaginous Analysis from Dairy Wastewaters[C].//The First China Marine Renewable Energy Development Forum,2012.
[28]张庭婷.中国微藻生物柴油全生命周期“2E&W”分析[D].上海:上海交通大学,2014.Zhang Tingting.Study on Life Cycle“2E&W”Analysis of Microalgal Biodiesel[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2014.
[29]刘晨临,王秀良,张学成.卡德藻自养、异养与兼养培养的比较研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2002,32(4):579-584.Liu Chenlin,Wang Xiuliang,Zhang Xuecheng.Difference between autotrophic,heterotrophic and mixotrophic growth of Tetraselmis sp[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2002,32(4):579-584.
[30]牛曼,张小平,王秀,等.“菌藻-菌”系统处理高浓度有机废水的研究[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(8):1819-1822.Niu Man,Zhang Xiaoping,Wang Xiu,et al.Study on bacterial algal-bacterial system for high concentration organic wastewater treatment[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2010,4(8):1819-1822.
[31]巫小丹,阮榕生,王辉,等.菌藻共生系统处理废水研究现状及发展[J].环境工程,2014,32(3):34-37.Wu Xiaodan,Ruan Rongsheng,Wang Hui,et al.Research status and development prospect of wastewater treatment by agrobacterium-aquaculture system[J].Environmental Engineering,2014,32(3):34-37.
[2]杨剑,邓超冰,冼萍,等.SBR处理猪场废水厌氧消化液脱氮工艺的优化[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(1):174-177.Yang Jian,Deng Chaobing,Xian Ping,et al.Selection of optimization process of denitrification in piggery wastewater treatment by SBR[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,32(1):174-177.
[3]卫丹,万梅,刘锐,等.嘉兴市规模化养猪场沼液水质调查研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(7):2650-2657.Wei Dan,Wan Mei,Liu Rui,et al.Study on the quality of digested piggery wastewater in large-scale farms in Jiaxing[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(7):2650-2657.
[4]李路路,董红敏,朱志平,等.酸化处理对猪场原水和沼液存储过程中气体排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(4):774-784.Li Lulu,Dong Hongmin,Zhu Zhiping,et al.Effects of acidification on gas emissions from raw pig slurry and biogas liquid during storage[J].Journal of Agro-environment Science,2016,35(4):774-784.
[5]刘昊,马焕春,杨志敏,等.微电解-电极-SBBR组合工艺处理沼液[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(5):2297-2301.Liu Hao,Ma Huanchun,Yang Zhimin,et al.Treatment of biogas slurry by micro-electrolysis-electrode-SBB combined process[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(5):2297-2301.
[6]A Bonmat?Flotats X.Air stripping of ammonia from pig slurry:characterisation and feasibility as a pre-or post-treatment to mesophilic anaerobic digestion[J].Waste Management,2003,23(3):261-72.
[7]巫小丹,刘伟,榕生,等.不同预处理方法对沼液养殖微藻的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2014,36(1):9-12.Wu Xiaodan,Liu Wei,Rong Sheng,et al.Effects of different pretreatment methods on biogas culture[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2014,36(1):9-12.
[8]Chiumei K,Chen TY,Lin TH,et al.Cultivation of Chlorella sp.GD using piggery wastewater for biomass and lipid production[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,194:326-333.
[9]Yuan Z,Wang Z,Takala J,et al.Scale-up potential of culti-′vating Chlorella zofingiensis in piggery wastewater for biodiesel production[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,137(11):318.
[10]吴盼盼.基于微藻养殖的养猪沼液预处理技术研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2015.Wu Panpan.Study on Pretreatment Technology of Piggery Biogas Production Based on Microalgae Culture[D].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2015.
[11]赵立欣,宋成军,董保成,等.基于微藻养殖的沼液资源化利用与高价值生物质生产耦合技术研究[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(3):63-67.Zhao Lixin,Song Chengjun,Dong Baocheng,et al.On the microalgae-cultivation based coupling of biogas fermentative liquid-resource utilization and high-quality biomass production[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2012,12(3):63-67.
[12]程鹏飞,潘璐,王愿珠,等.栅藻贴壁培养处理沼液效果的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(5):996-1002.Cheng Pengfei,Pan Lu,Wang Yuanzhu,et al.The treatment of piggery biogas slurry with Scenedesmus sp.by attached culture[J].Journal of Agro-environment Science,2017,36(5):996-1002.
[13]巫小丹,张珊珊,黎紫含,等.沼液养殖小球藻最适通气量的研究[J].环境工程,2014,32(11):45-48.Wu Xiaodan,Zhang Shanshan,Li Zihan,et al.Study on optimum ventilation rate of Chlorella cultured in biogas slurry[J].Environmental Engineering,2014,32(11):45-48.
[14]凌云,陈姗,石文宣,等.利用城市生活废水培养栅藻以生产生物柴油的研究[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(1):121-127.Ling Yun,Chen Shan,Shi Wenxuan,et al.Study on the production of biodiesel by culturing Sceneda in urban life wastewater[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,39(1):121-127.
[15]刘文龙,钱仁渊,包宗宏.吹脱法处理高浓度氨氮废水[J].南京工业大学学报:自然科学版,2008,30(4):56-59.Liu Wenlong,Qian Renyuan,Bao Zonghong.Treatment of high concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater by stripping[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2008,30(4):56-59.
[16]孙华,申哲民.吹脱法去除氨氮的模型研究[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(8):84-87.Sun Hua,Shen Zhemin.Study on the model of ammonia removal by stripping[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,32(8):84-87.
[17]朱志.高浓度氨氮废水处理技术及发展[J].环境科学导刊,2008,27(1):60-61.Zhu Zhi.Treatment technology and development of high concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater[J].Environmental Science Survey,2008,27(1):60-61.
[18]陈璐,曾韬,李竹,等.臭氧化技术在高浓度有机废水处理中的应用研究[J].环境工程,2014(S1):121-124.Chen Lu,Zeng Tao,Li Zhu,et al.Application of ozonation technology in high concentration organic wastewater treatment[J].Environmental Engineering,2014(S1):121-124.
[19]丁春生,缪佳,秦树林,等.臭氧/活性炭/紫外光联用处理几种高浓度有机废水影响因素[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(3):496-501.Ding Chunsheng,Miao Jia,Qin Shulin,et al.Influencing factors of high-concentration organic wastewater treatment by O3/UV using granular activated carbon(GAC)as the catalyst[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2008,28(3):496-501.
[20]曾鑫,呼世斌,屈广周,等.臭氧氧化处理养猪场厌氧沼液[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(7):3332-3338.Zeng Xin,Hu Shibin,Qu Guangzhou,et al.Treatment of swine farm anaerobic biogas slurry by ozone oxidation[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(7):3332-3338.
[21]龚川南,陈玉成,黄磊.曝气吹脱法用于牛场沼液污染物的去除[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(5):2291-2296.Gong Chuannan,Chen Yucheng,Huang Lei.Pollutants removal characteristics by air stripping with aeration treating biogas slurry of cattle manure[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(5):2291-2296.
[22]Edward B Rinker,Sami S Ashour,Michael C Johnson,et al.Kinetics of the aqueous-phase reaction between ozone and2,4,6-trichlorophenol[J].Aiche Journal,1999,45(8):1802-1807.
[23]李伦,汪宏渭,陆嘉竑.城镇高氨氮污水的吹脱除氮试验研究[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(17):92-95.Li Lun,Wang Hongwei,Lu Jiahong.Nitrogen removal using air stripping tower in urban wastewater treatment plant[J].China Water&Wastewater,2006,22(17):92-95.
[24]Pittman JK,Dean AP,Osundeko O,et al.The potential of sustainable algal biofuel production using wastewater resources[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(1):17-25.
[25]乔汪砚,王惠生,杨鹏,等.臭氧在蔬菜废弃物发酵液深度处理中的应用[J].环境工程,2012,30(1):35-38.Qiao Wangyan,Wang Huisheng,Yang Peng,et al.Application of ozone in deep treatment of vegetable waste fermentation broth[J].Environmental Engineering,2012,30(1):35-38.
[26]Powell N,Shilton AN,Pratt S,et al.Factors influencing luxury uptake of phosphorus by microalgae in waste stabilization pond[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2008,42(16):5958-5962.
[27]李晓洋,周志刚.奶牛场废水中微藻的分离、鉴定及油脂分析[C].//第一届中国海洋可再生能源发展年会暨论坛论文集,2012.Li Xiaoyang,Zhou Zhigang.Microalgae Separation,Identification and Oleaginous Analysis from Dairy Wastewaters[C].//The First China Marine Renewable Energy Development Forum,2012.
[28]张庭婷.中国微藻生物柴油全生命周期“2E&W”分析[D].上海:上海交通大学,2014.Zhang Tingting.Study on Life Cycle“2E&W”Analysis of Microalgal Biodiesel[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2014.
[29]刘晨临,王秀良,张学成.卡德藻自养、异养与兼养培养的比较研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2002,32(4):579-584.Liu Chenlin,Wang Xiuliang,Zhang Xuecheng.Difference between autotrophic,heterotrophic and mixotrophic growth of Tetraselmis sp[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2002,32(4):579-584.
[30]牛曼,张小平,王秀,等.“菌藻-菌”系统处理高浓度有机废水的研究[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(8):1819-1822.Niu Man,Zhang Xiaoping,Wang Xiu,et al.Study on bacterial algal-bacterial system for high concentration organic wastewater treatment[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2010,4(8):1819-1822.
[31]巫小丹,阮榕生,王辉,等.菌藻共生系统处理废水研究现状及发展[J].环境工程,2014,32(3):34-37.Wu Xiaodan,Ruan Rongsheng,Wang Hui,et al.Research status and development prospect of wastewater treatment by agrobacterium-aquaculture system[J].Environmental Engineering,2014,32(3):34-37.