不同水肥管理对番茄品质和产量的影响
|
摘要
为提高水肥利用效率,合理降低氮肥施用量,研究不同水肥模式条件对番茄质量、产量的影响。结果表明:土壤含水率为田持的55%～90%的灌溉方式(灌溉定额为3771.98 m~3/hm~2)产出的番茄亮度和可溶性糖含量适中,产量较高;150 kg/hm~2的施氮量就能保证番茄具有较好的品质和产量;"保持土壤含水量为田持55%～90%的灌溉方式+150 kg/hm~2施氮量"是最佳的水肥组合方式,在保证番茄良好品质的同时,还可以产出较多的果实总数和成熟果实数,形成的单果大小适中,并且在各生产时期产量均衡,最终大幅度提升总产量;水肥的交互效应未对番茄的品质、产量产生显著性影响(P>0.05),但是水分对番茄的品质和产量的影响大于氮肥的影响。在元谋干热河谷气候条件下,番茄采收前期选择中水灌溉可以提高番茄的产量,采收后期在合理控制水分的同时适当增加追肥量可以增加后期采收量。
The study aims to improve water and fertilizer use efficiency and reduce nitrogen application. The effects of different combinations of water and fertilizer on tomato quality and yield were explored. The results showed that: tomatoes when the soil moisture content was confirmed to be 55%-90% of the field capacity(the irrigation quota was 3771.98 m~3/hm~2) had moderate brightness and soluble sugar content, and had higher yield.The application of low nitrogen of 150 kg/hm~2 can ensure better quality and yield of tomato. Low nitrogen and medium water irrigation was the best combination of water and fertilizer, while ensuring good quality of tomato,produced more tomato fruits and ripe tomatoes, moderate tomato size, balanced the yield in each production period, finally gained a big increase in total production. The interaction of water and fertilizer had no significant effect on quality and yield of tomato(P>0.05), but the effect of water on the tomato quality and yield was greater than that of nitrogen fertilizer. In Yuanmou dry-hot valley, the moderate irrigation in the early stage of harvest was benefit to tomato yield, more proportion of fertilizer could increase yield in the later stage of harvest while controlling water properly.
The study aims to improve water and fertilizer use efficiency and reduce nitrogen application. The effects of different combinations of water and fertilizer on tomato quality and yield were explored. The results showed that: tomatoes when the soil moisture content was confirmed to be 55%-90% of the field capacity(the irrigation quota was 3771.98 m~3/hm~2) had moderate brightness and soluble sugar content, and had higher yield.The application of low nitrogen of 150 kg/hm~2 can ensure better quality and yield of tomato. Low nitrogen and medium water irrigation was the best combination of water and fertilizer, while ensuring good quality of tomato,produced more tomato fruits and ripe tomatoes, moderate tomato size, balanced the yield in each production period, finally gained a big increase in total production. The interaction of water and fertilizer had no significant effect on quality and yield of tomato(P>0.05), but the effect of water on the tomato quality and yield was greater than that of nitrogen fertilizer. In Yuanmou dry-hot valley, the moderate irrigation in the early stage of harvest was benefit to tomato yield, more proportion of fertilizer could increase yield in the later stage of harvest while controlling water properly.
引文
[1]朱兆良,文启孝.中国土壤氮素[M].南京:江苏科技出版社,1992:288-303.
[2]杜清洁,李建明,潘铜华,等.滴灌条件下水肥耦合对番茄产量及综合品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015(3):10-17.
[3]Viets F G.Water deficits and nutrient availability[A].Kozlow ski TT.water deficits and plant growth[C].USA:A cad Press,1972:217-247.
[4]Benbi D K.Efficiency of nitrogen use by dry land wheat in a sub humid region in relation to optimizing the amount of available water[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,1989,115(1):7-10.
[5]吕殿青,张文孝,谷洁,等.渭北东部旱塬氮磷水三因素交互作用研究[A].汪德水.旱地农田肥水关系原理与调控技术[C].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1995:286-2921.
[6]金轲,汪德水,蔡典雄,等.水肥耦合效应研究Ⅱ.不同N、P、水配合对旱地冬小麦产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999(1):8-13.
[7]闫湘.我国化肥利用现状与养分资源高效利用研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2008.
[8]栾江,仇焕广,井月,等.我国化肥施用量持续增长的原因分解及趋势预测[J].自然资源学报,2013,11:1869-1878.
[9]王海艺,韩烈保,黄明勇.干旱条件下水肥耦合作用机理和效应[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(6):124-128.
[10]赵立新,荆家海,王韶唐.旱地冬小麦施肥效应研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,1991(4):46-52.
[11]Hare P D,Cress W A.Metabolic implications of stress-induced proline accumulation in plants[J].Plant Growth Regulation,1997,21(2):79-102.
[12]He F F,Jiang R F,Chen Q,et al.Nitrous oxide emissions from an intensively managed greenhouse vegetable cropping system in Northern China[J].Environmental Pollution,2009,15(5):1666-1672.
[13]Min J,Zhao X,Shi W M,et al.Nitrogen balance and loss in a greenhouse vegetable system in Southeastern China[J].Pedosphere,2011,21(4):464-472.
[14]陈修斌,潘林,王勤礼,等.温室番茄水肥耦合数学模型及其优化方案研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2006,29(3):138-141.
[15]丁果.温室蔬菜滴灌灌溉施肥水肥耦合效应的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2005.
[16]王智琦,马忠明,张立勤.水肥耦合对作物生长的影响研究综述[J].甘肃农业科技,2011(5):44-48.
[17]于亚军,李军,贾志宽,等.旱作农田水肥耦合研究进展[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(3):220-224.
[18]李锡香,杜永臣.番茄种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006:62-63.
[19]山仑,徐萌.节水农业及其生理生态基础[J].应用生态学报,1991,2(1):70-76.
[20]Turner N C.Plant water relations and irrigation management[J].Agricultural Water Management,1990,17(1/3):59-73.
[21]Ozbahce A,Tari A F.Effects of different emitter space and water stress on yield and quality of processing tomato under semi-arid climate conditions[J].Agricultural Water Management,2010,97(9):1405-1410.
[22]梁运江,谢修鸿,许广波,等.水肥耦合对保护地辣椒叶片光合速率的影响[J].核农学报,2010,24(3):650-655.
[23]周振江,牛晓丽,李瑞,等.番茄叶片光合作用对水肥耦合的响应[J].节水灌溉,2012(2):28-32,37.
[24]程福厚,苑春华,张纪英,等.施肥和灌水对核桃产量和生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(1):269-272.
[25]Xu Y,Deng J Y,Wang X H.Advances in research on water and fertilizer coupling and its effects on rice growth and utilization rate of nitrogen[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2015,16(4):737-744.
[26]关军锋,李广敏.干旱条件下施肥效应及其作用机理[J].中国生态农业学报,2002,10(1):59-61.
[27]王新,马富裕,刁明,等.不同施氮水平下加工番茄植株生长和氮素积累与利用率的动态模拟[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(4):1043-1050.
[28]陈碧华,郜庆炉,孙丽.番茄日光温室膜下滴灌水肥耦合效应研究[J].核农学报,2009,23(6):1082-1086.
[29]李世娟,周殿玺,李建民.限水灌溉下不同氮肥用量对小麦产量及氮素分配利用的影响[J].华北农学报,2001,16(3):86-91.
[30]Shim shi D.The effect of N on some indices of plant-water relations[J].New phytologist,1970(69):413-424.
[31]梁静,王丽英,陈清,等.我国设施番茄氮肥施用量现状及其利用率、产量影响和地力贡献率分析评价[J].中国蔬菜,2015(10):16-21.
[32]张龙宝.元谋县外销蔬菜突破10亿元[J].云南农业,2015(10):18.
[2]杜清洁,李建明,潘铜华,等.滴灌条件下水肥耦合对番茄产量及综合品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015(3):10-17.
[3]Viets F G.Water deficits and nutrient availability[A].Kozlow ski TT.water deficits and plant growth[C].USA:A cad Press,1972:217-247.
[4]Benbi D K.Efficiency of nitrogen use by dry land wheat in a sub humid region in relation to optimizing the amount of available water[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,1989,115(1):7-10.
[5]吕殿青,张文孝,谷洁,等.渭北东部旱塬氮磷水三因素交互作用研究[A].汪德水.旱地农田肥水关系原理与调控技术[C].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1995:286-2921.
[6]金轲,汪德水,蔡典雄,等.水肥耦合效应研究Ⅱ.不同N、P、水配合对旱地冬小麦产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999(1):8-13.
[7]闫湘.我国化肥利用现状与养分资源高效利用研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2008.
[8]栾江,仇焕广,井月,等.我国化肥施用量持续增长的原因分解及趋势预测[J].自然资源学报,2013,11:1869-1878.
[9]王海艺,韩烈保,黄明勇.干旱条件下水肥耦合作用机理和效应[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(6):124-128.
[10]赵立新,荆家海,王韶唐.旱地冬小麦施肥效应研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,1991(4):46-52.
[11]Hare P D,Cress W A.Metabolic implications of stress-induced proline accumulation in plants[J].Plant Growth Regulation,1997,21(2):79-102.
[12]He F F,Jiang R F,Chen Q,et al.Nitrous oxide emissions from an intensively managed greenhouse vegetable cropping system in Northern China[J].Environmental Pollution,2009,15(5):1666-1672.
[13]Min J,Zhao X,Shi W M,et al.Nitrogen balance and loss in a greenhouse vegetable system in Southeastern China[J].Pedosphere,2011,21(4):464-472.
[14]陈修斌,潘林,王勤礼,等.温室番茄水肥耦合数学模型及其优化方案研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2006,29(3):138-141.
[15]丁果.温室蔬菜滴灌灌溉施肥水肥耦合效应的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2005.
[16]王智琦,马忠明,张立勤.水肥耦合对作物生长的影响研究综述[J].甘肃农业科技,2011(5):44-48.
[17]于亚军,李军,贾志宽,等.旱作农田水肥耦合研究进展[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(3):220-224.
[18]李锡香,杜永臣.番茄种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006:62-63.
[19]山仑,徐萌.节水农业及其生理生态基础[J].应用生态学报,1991,2(1):70-76.
[20]Turner N C.Plant water relations and irrigation management[J].Agricultural Water Management,1990,17(1/3):59-73.
[21]Ozbahce A,Tari A F.Effects of different emitter space and water stress on yield and quality of processing tomato under semi-arid climate conditions[J].Agricultural Water Management,2010,97(9):1405-1410.
[22]梁运江,谢修鸿,许广波,等.水肥耦合对保护地辣椒叶片光合速率的影响[J].核农学报,2010,24(3):650-655.
[23]周振江,牛晓丽,李瑞,等.番茄叶片光合作用对水肥耦合的响应[J].节水灌溉,2012(2):28-32,37.
[24]程福厚,苑春华,张纪英,等.施肥和灌水对核桃产量和生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(1):269-272.
[25]Xu Y,Deng J Y,Wang X H.Advances in research on water and fertilizer coupling and its effects on rice growth and utilization rate of nitrogen[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2015,16(4):737-744.
[26]关军锋,李广敏.干旱条件下施肥效应及其作用机理[J].中国生态农业学报,2002,10(1):59-61.
[27]王新,马富裕,刁明,等.不同施氮水平下加工番茄植株生长和氮素积累与利用率的动态模拟[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(4):1043-1050.
[28]陈碧华,郜庆炉,孙丽.番茄日光温室膜下滴灌水肥耦合效应研究[J].核农学报,2009,23(6):1082-1086.
[29]李世娟,周殿玺,李建民.限水灌溉下不同氮肥用量对小麦产量及氮素分配利用的影响[J].华北农学报,2001,16(3):86-91.
[30]Shim shi D.The effect of N on some indices of plant-water relations[J].New phytologist,1970(69):413-424.
[31]梁静,王丽英,陈清,等.我国设施番茄氮肥施用量现状及其利用率、产量影响和地力贡献率分析评价[J].中国蔬菜,2015(10):16-21.
[32]张龙宝.元谋县外销蔬菜突破10亿元[J].云南农业,2015(10):18.