玛湖凹陷百口泉组砂砾岩储集层岩石力学特征与裂缝扩展机理
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摘要
以玛湖凹陷百口泉组砂砾岩储集层为研究对象,通过岩石力学实验,开展了不同岩性砂砾岩储集层的岩石力学特性和裂缝扩展机理研究。在此基础上,利用数值模拟方法构建含有真实砾石的二维模型,研究砂砾岩中裂缝扩展的过程,讨论了砾石强度对裂缝扩展机制的影响。研究结果表明:砂砾岩具有较强的非均质性,造成不同岩性的砂砾岩力学特性差异较明显,其中细砾岩的力学强度大于粗砾岩;岩石中砾石成分和基质成分间差异对砂砾岩力学特性的影响较大;单轴压缩中砂砾岩破坏模式主要以劈裂破坏为主,而三轴压缩中砂砾岩破坏模式包括劈裂破坏、单剪切破坏和双剪切破坏等;砾石颗粒对裂缝扩展存在屏蔽作用,砂砾岩的破裂过程中裂缝扩展形式主要分为穿砾、绕砾、嵌入止砾等;砾石与基质强度差异增大,砾石屏蔽作用增强,裂缝遇砾石受阻增强,将造成裂缝遇到砾石的扩展由穿砾形式变为绕砾形式。
Taking the rock of the sandy conglomerate reservoirs of Baikouquan formation in Mahu sag as the study objects, the mechanicalcharacteristics and fracture propagation mechanism of the sandy conglomerate reservoirs with different lithologies are studied through vari-ous rock mechanical experiments. Based on which, a 2D model containing true gravels is established by using numerical modeling method,the dynamic process of fracture propagation in the sandy conglomerate are investigated, and the influence of gravel strength on fracturepropagation mechanism is discussed. The results indicate that the sandy conglomerate are seriously heterogeneous, resulting in the obviousdifferences of mechanical characteristics in sandy conglomerates with different lithologies, among which the mechanical strength of fineconglomerate is higher than that of coarse conglomerate; the differences between gravel and matrix compositions have significant influenceon rock mechanical characteristics of the sandy conglomerate; the failure mode of the sandy conglomerate is dominated by splitting failurein uniaxial compression and by splitting failure, single shear failure and dual shear failure etc. in triaxial compression; gravel particles haveshielding effect on the extension of fractures and the fracture propagation during rock failure process in the sandy conglomerate mainly con-tains 3 types such as going-through gravel, bypassing gravel and embedded in gravel. The strength of gravels and the matrix reflects the me-chanical properties of glutenite. The larger the strength difference between gravel and matrix is, the stronger the shielding effect of the grav-els is, the stronger the received resistance of fracture will be, causing that the fracture propagation would transfer from going-through gravelto bypassing gravel.
Taking the rock of the sandy conglomerate reservoirs of Baikouquan formation in Mahu sag as the study objects, the mechanicalcharacteristics and fracture propagation mechanism of the sandy conglomerate reservoirs with different lithologies are studied through vari-ous rock mechanical experiments. Based on which, a 2D model containing true gravels is established by using numerical modeling method,the dynamic process of fracture propagation in the sandy conglomerate are investigated, and the influence of gravel strength on fracturepropagation mechanism is discussed. The results indicate that the sandy conglomerate are seriously heterogeneous, resulting in the obviousdifferences of mechanical characteristics in sandy conglomerates with different lithologies, among which the mechanical strength of fineconglomerate is higher than that of coarse conglomerate; the differences between gravel and matrix compositions have significant influenceon rock mechanical characteristics of the sandy conglomerate; the failure mode of the sandy conglomerate is dominated by splitting failurein uniaxial compression and by splitting failure, single shear failure and dual shear failure etc. in triaxial compression; gravel particles haveshielding effect on the extension of fractures and the fracture propagation during rock failure process in the sandy conglomerate mainly con-tains 3 types such as going-through gravel, bypassing gravel and embedded in gravel. The strength of gravels and the matrix reflects the me-chanical properties of glutenite. The larger the strength difference between gravel and matrix is, the stronger the shielding effect of the grav-els is, the stronger the received resistance of fracture will be, causing that the fracture propagation would transfer from going-through gravelto bypassing gravel.
引文
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[4]刘晖,姜在兴,张锐锋,等.廊固凹陷大兴砾岩体成因类型及其对油气的控制[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(5):545-551.LIU Hui,JIANG Zaixing,ZHANG Ruifeng,et al.Genetic types ofDaxing conglomerate bodies and their controls on hydrocarbons inthe Langgu sag,Bohai Bay basin,east China[J].Petroleum Explora-tion and Development,2012,39(5):545-551.
[5]贺正军,吴珍珍,阳孝法,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系扇三角洲层序特征及砾岩油藏分布规律[J].地质科学,2013,48(1):191-203.HE Zhengjun,WU Zhenzhen,YANG Xiaofa,et al.Sequences andconglomerate reserves distribution of the Permian fan-delta in thenorthwest margin of Junggar basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2013,48(1):191-203.
[6]闫建平,言语,李尊芝,等.砂砾岩储层物性演化及影响因素研究——以东营凹陷北部陡坡带为例[J].岩性油气藏,2016,28(2):1-6.YAN Jianping,YAN Yu,LI Zunzhi,et al.Physical property evolu-tion of glutenite reservoir and its influencing factors:a case studyfrom northern steep slope zone in Dongying sag[J].Lithologic Res-ervoirs,2016,28(2):1-6.
[7]冯子辉,印长海,陆加敏,等.致密砂砾岩气形成主控因素与富集规律——以松辽盆地徐家围子断陷下白垩统营城组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(6):650-656.FENG Zihui,YIN Changhai,LU Jiamin,et al.Formation and accu-mulation of tight sandy conglomerate gas:a case from the Lower Cre-taceous Yingcheng formation of Xujiaweizi fault depression,Songliao basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(6):650-656.
[8]肖伟,刘震,曲志浩,等.蒙古林砾岩油藏储集层非均质性研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(1):76-78.XIAO Wei,LIU Zhen,QU Zhihao,et al.Heterogeneity of conglomer-ate reservoir in the Menggulin oilfield,Erlian basin[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2004,31(1):76-78.
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[10]唐勇,徐洋,瞿建华,等.玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲群特征及分布[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(6):628-635.TANG Yong,XU Yang,QU Jianhua,et al.Fan-delta group charac-teristics and its distribution of the Triassic Baikouquan reservoirsin Mahu sag of Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2014,35(6):628-635.
[11]雷德文,瞿建华,安志渊,等.玛湖凹陷百口泉组低渗砂砾岩油气藏成藏条件及富集规律[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(6):642-647.LEI Dewen,QU Jianhua,AN Zhiyuan,et al.Hydrocarbon accumu-lation conditions and enrichment regularity of low-permeabilityglutenite reservoirs of Baikouquan formation in Mahu sag,Junggarbasin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(6):642-647.
[12]郭璇,潘建国,谭开俊,等.地震沉积学在准噶尔盆地玛湖西斜坡区三叠系百口泉组的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(2):359-364.GUO Xuan,PAN Jianguo,TAN Kaijun,et al.Application of seis-mic sedimentology in Triassic Baikouquan formation of western Ma-hu slope of Junggar basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(2):359-364.
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