信息物理融合的智慧能源系统多级对等协同优化
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摘要
针对能源电力系统的优化管理与控制问题,提出了一种信息物理融合的智慧能源系统(Intelligent energy systems,IES)多级对等协同优化方法.在信息物理融合能源系统(Cyber-physical energy systems, CPES)的基础上,构建了智慧能源系统的局域和广域两级协同优化架构.综合考虑产消者能源实体对等交互过程中的社会福利、供求平衡和需求意愿等因素,基于Stone-Geary函数和双向拍卖机制构建了智慧能源系统能量优化模型,给出了通过收敛判定域引导的全局随机寻优与区域定向寻优策略,有效地提高了算法的局部搜索能力.此外,通过双向拍卖机制的理性定价以及智能合约的辅助服务,有效地实现了用户友好的对等交易模式.仿真实例表明,在社会福利最大化的前提下可获得产消者电力资源最优分配结果,进一步验证了本文方法的有效性和可行性.
A multilevel peer-to-peer co-optimization method for cyber-physical intelligent energy systems(IES) is proposed to analyze the optimal control and management problem of energy power systems. On the basis of the cyber-physical energy system(CPES), a co-optimization architecture of local and wide-area levels for intelligent energy system is constructed. With the help of Stone-Geary utility function and double auction mechanism, an energy optimization model for intelligent energy system is constructed in consideration of social welfare, supply-demand balance and demand willingness in the peer-to-peer interaction process of prosumers. At the same time, the local search ability of the intelligent optimization algorithm is further improved by the guidance of convergence judgment domain as well as the combination strategy of global random search and directional search. In addition, the user-friendly peer-to-peer trading mode is effectively realized through rational pricing of double auction mechanism and the auxiliary services of smart contract. Simulation results show that the optimal allocation of power resources can be obtained under the premise of maximizing social welfare, which further illustrates the effectiveness and feasibility of this method.
A multilevel peer-to-peer co-optimization method for cyber-physical intelligent energy systems(IES) is proposed to analyze the optimal control and management problem of energy power systems. On the basis of the cyber-physical energy system(CPES), a co-optimization architecture of local and wide-area levels for intelligent energy system is constructed. With the help of Stone-Geary utility function and double auction mechanism, an energy optimization model for intelligent energy system is constructed in consideration of social welfare, supply-demand balance and demand willingness in the peer-to-peer interaction process of prosumers. At the same time, the local search ability of the intelligent optimization algorithm is further improved by the guidance of convergence judgment domain as well as the combination strategy of global random search and directional search. In addition, the user-friendly peer-to-peer trading mode is effectively realized through rational pricing of double auction mechanism and the auxiliary services of smart contract. Simulation results show that the optimal allocation of power resources can be obtained under the premise of maximizing social welfare, which further illustrates the effectiveness and feasibility of this method.
引文
1 Yu X H,Xue Y S.Smart grids:a cyber-physical systems perspective.Proceedings of the IEEE,2016,104(5):1058-1070
2 Xue Y S,Yu X H.Beyond smart grid-cyber-physical-social system in energy future(point of view).Proceedings of the IEEE,2017,105(12):2290-2292
3 Guan Xiao-Hong,Zhao Qian-Chuan,Jia Qing-Shan,Wu Jiang,Liu Ting.Cyber-Physical Energy Systems.Beijing:Science Press,2016.(管晓宏,赵千川,贾庆山,吴江,刘烃.信息物理融合能源系统.北京:科学出版社,2016.)
4 Yang Xin-Fa,Su Jian,Lv Zhi-Peng,Liu Hai-Tao,Li Rui.Overview on micro-grid technology.Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):57-70(杨新法,苏剑,吕志鹏,刘海涛,李蕊.微电网技术综述.中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):57-70)
5 Wu Y,Tan X Q,Qian L P,Tsang D H K,Song W Z,Yu L.Optimal pricing and energy scheduling for hybrid energy trading market in future smart grid.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2015,11(6):1585-1596
6 Farraj A,Hammad E,Deepa K.A cyber-physical control framework for transient stability in smart grid.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(2):1205-1215
7 Wang Yi,Zhang Ning,Kang Chong-Qing.Review and prospect of optimal planning and operation of energy hub in energy internet.Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(22):5669-5681(王毅,张宁,康重庆.能源互联网中能量枢纽的优化规划与运行研究综述及展望.中国电机工程学报,2015,35(22):5669-5681)
8 Zhang H G,Li Y S,Gao D W,Zhou G J.Distributed optimal energy management for energy internet.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2017,13(6):3081-3097
9 Sun Qiu-Ye,Teng Fei,Zhang Hua-Guang.Energy internet and its key control issues.Acta Automatica Sinica,2017,43(2):176-194(孙秋野,滕菲,张化光.能源互联网及其关键控制问题.自动化学报,2017,43(2):176-194)
10 Zhang J J,Gao D W,Zhang Y C,Wang X,Zhao X Y,Duan D L,et al.Social energy:mining energy from the society.IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica,2017,4(3):466-482
11 Deng Jian-Ling,Wang Fei-Yue,Chen Yao-Bin,Zhao XiangYang.From industries 4.0 to energy 5.0:concept and framework of intelligent energy systems.Acta Automatica Sinica,2015,41(12):2003-2016(邓建玲,王飞跃,陈耀斌,赵向阳.从工业4.0到能源5.0:智能能源系统的概念、内涵及体系框架.自动化学报,2015,41(12):2003-2016)
12 Vrba P,Mar?k V,Siano P,Leitao P,Zhabelova G,Vyatkin V,et al.A review of agent and service-oriented concepts applied to intelligent energy systems.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2014,10(3):1890-1903
13 Palensky P,Widl E,Stifter M,Elsheikh A.Modeling intelligent energy systems:co-simulation platform for validating flexible-demand EV charging management.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2013,4(4):1939-1947
14 Cheng Le-Feng,Yu Tao,Zhang Xiao-Shun,Yin Lin-Fei,Qu Kai-Ping.Cyber-physical-social systems based smart energy robotic dispatcher and its knowledge automation:framework,techniques and challenges.Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(1):25-40(程乐峰,余涛,张孝顺,殷林飞,瞿凯平.信息-物理-社会融合的智慧能源调度机器人及其知识自动化:框架、技术与挑战.中国电机工程学报,2018,38(1):25-40)
15 Roche R,Blunier B,Miraoui A,Hilaire V,Koukam A.Multi-agent systems for grid energy management:a short review.In:Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.Glendale,USA:IEEE,2010.3341-3346
16 Duan R,Deconinck G.Future electricity market interoperability of a multi-agent model of the smart grid.In:Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Networking,Sensing and Control(ICNSC).Chicago,USA:IEEE,2010.625-630
17 Vergados D J,Mamounakis I,Makris P,Varvarigos E.Prosumer clustering into virtual microgrids for cost reduction in renewable energy trading markets.Sustainable Energy,Grids and Networks,2016,7:90-103
18 Marzband M,Javadi M,Dom′?nguez-Garc′?a J L,Moghaddam M M.Non-cooperative game theory based energy management systems for energy district in the retail market considering DER uncertainties.IET Generation,Transmission and Distribution,2016,10(12):2999-3009
19 Di Battista G,Di Donato V,Patrignani M,Pizzonia M,Roselli V,Tamassia R.Bitconeview:visualization of flows in the Bitcoin transaction graph.In:Proceedings of the2015 IEEE Symposium on Visualization for Cyber Security.Chicago,USA:IEEE,2015.1-8
20 Nguyen Q K.Blockchain-a financial technology for future sustainable development.In:Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development.Taiwan,China:IEEE,2016.51-54
21 Zhang Ning,Wang Yi,Kang Chong-Qing,Cheng JiangNan,He Da-Wei.Blockchain technique in the energy internet:preliminary research framework and typical applications.Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(15):4011-4022(张宁,王毅,康重庆,程将南,贺大玮.能源互联网中的区块链技术:研究框架与典型应用初探.中国电机工程学报,2016,36(15):4011-4022)
22 Ping Jian,Chen Si-Jie,Zhang Ning,Yan Zheng,Yao LiangZhong.Decentralized transactive mechanism in distribution network based on smart contract.Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3682-3690(平健,陈思捷,张宁,严正,姚良忠.基于智能合约的配电网去中心化交易机制.中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3682-3690)
23 Sun Qiu-Ye,Zhao Mei-Yi,Chen Yue,Ma Da-Zhong.Optimal energy flow of multiple energy systems in energy internet.Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(6):1590-1598(孙秋野,赵美伊,陈月,马大中.能源互联网多能源系统最优功率流.中国电机工程学报,2017,37(6):1590-1598)
24 Sun Q Y,Han R K,Zhang H G,Zhou J G,Guerrero J M.Amultiagent-based consensus algorithm for distributed coordinated control of distributed generators in the energy internet.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(6):3006-3019
25 Di Giorgio A,Liberati F.Near real time load shifting control for residential electricity prosumers under designed and market indexed pricing models.Applied Energy,2014,128:119-132
26 Zhang C H,Wu J Z,Zhou Y,Cheng M,Long C.Peer-toPeer energy trading in a microgrid.Applied Energy,2018,220:1-12
27 Wang Yong-Fu,Zhang Bo-Ming,Sun Hong-Bin,Xia Qing,Huang Yong-Hao,Meng Yuan-Jing,et al.A new method for balancing trade based on interior-point algorithm.Power System Technology,2004,28(1):48-50,55(王永福,张伯明,孙宏斌,夏清,黄永皓,孟远景,等.基于内点法的实时平衡交易算法.电网技术,2004,28(1):48-50,55)
28 Wang Kui,Zhang Bu-Han,Zhou Yang,Li Jun-Fang.Realtime dispatch in wind power integrated system based on choas quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization.Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(22):141-146(王魁,张步涵,周杨,李俊芳.基于混沌量子粒子群算法的含风电场电力系统实时调度.电力系统自动化,2011,35(22):141-146)
29 Chen J Y,Wang J,Chen Q,Wu D.Optimal dispatch of medium-voltage microgrid using an adaptive PSO algorithm.In:Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics.Hangzhou,China:IEEE,2015.324-329
30 Li Y L,Shao W,You L,Wang B Z.An improved PSO algorithm and its application to UWB antenna design.IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2013,12:1236-1239
31 Wang Fei-Yue,Wang Xiao,Yuan Yong,Wang Tao,Lin Yi-Lun.Social computing and computational societies:the foundation and consequence of smart societies.Chinese Science Bulletin,2015,60(5-6):460-469(王飞跃,王晓,袁勇,王涛,林懿伦.社会计算与计算社会:智慧社会的基础与必然.科学通报,2015,60(5-6):460-469)
32 Sun Qiu-Ye,Wang Bing-Yu,Huang Bo-Nan,Ma Da-Zhong.The optimization control and implementation for the special energy internet.Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(18):4571-4580(孙秋野,王冰玉,黄博南,马大中.狭义能源互联网优化控制框架及实现.中国电机工程学报,2015,35(18):4571-4580)
33 Sun Qiu-Ye.The Energy Internet.Beijing:Science Press,2015.(孙秋野.能源互联网.北京:科学出版社,2015.)
34 Wang Fei-Yue.Parallel control:a method for data-driven and computational control.Acta Automatica Sinica,2013,39(4):293-302(王飞跃.平行控制:数据驱动的计算控制方法.自动化学报,2013,39(4):293-302)
35 Zhang Jun,Gao Wen-Zhong,Zhang Ying-Chen,Zheng XinHu,Yang Liu-Qing,Hao Jun,et al.Blockchain based intelligent distributed electrical energy systems:needs,concepts,approaches and vision.Acta Automatica Sinica,2017,43(9):1544-1554(张俊,高文忠,张应晨,郑心湖,杨柳青,郝君,等.运行于区块链上的智能分布式电力能源系统:需求、概念、方法以及展望.自动化学报,2017,43(9):1544-1554)
36 Cheng S,Zeng B,Huang Y Z.Research on application model of blockchain technology in distributed electricity market.In:Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on New Energy and Future Energy System(NEFES).Kunming,China:IOP Publishing Ltd,2017.1-11
37 Geary R C.A note on“a constant-utility index of the cost of living”.The Review of Economic Studies,1950,18(1):65-66
38 Xiang Ding,Song Yong-Hua,Hu Ze-Chun,Xu Zhi-Wei.Research on optimal time of use price for electric vehicle participating V2G.Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(31):15-25(项顶,宋永华,胡泽春,徐智威.电动汽车参与V2G的最优峰谷电价研究.中国电机工程学报,2013,33(31):15-25)
39 Friedman D,Rust J.The Double Auction Market:Institutions,Theories and Evidence.Boulder,CO,USA:Westview Press,1993.
40 Iosifidis G,Koutsopoulos I.Double auction mechanisms for resource allocation in autonomous networks.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2010,28(1):95-102
2 Xue Y S,Yu X H.Beyond smart grid-cyber-physical-social system in energy future(point of view).Proceedings of the IEEE,2017,105(12):2290-2292
3 Guan Xiao-Hong,Zhao Qian-Chuan,Jia Qing-Shan,Wu Jiang,Liu Ting.Cyber-Physical Energy Systems.Beijing:Science Press,2016.(管晓宏,赵千川,贾庆山,吴江,刘烃.信息物理融合能源系统.北京:科学出版社,2016.)
4 Yang Xin-Fa,Su Jian,Lv Zhi-Peng,Liu Hai-Tao,Li Rui.Overview on micro-grid technology.Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):57-70(杨新法,苏剑,吕志鹏,刘海涛,李蕊.微电网技术综述.中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):57-70)
5 Wu Y,Tan X Q,Qian L P,Tsang D H K,Song W Z,Yu L.Optimal pricing and energy scheduling for hybrid energy trading market in future smart grid.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2015,11(6):1585-1596
6 Farraj A,Hammad E,Deepa K.A cyber-physical control framework for transient stability in smart grid.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(2):1205-1215
7 Wang Yi,Zhang Ning,Kang Chong-Qing.Review and prospect of optimal planning and operation of energy hub in energy internet.Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(22):5669-5681(王毅,张宁,康重庆.能源互联网中能量枢纽的优化规划与运行研究综述及展望.中国电机工程学报,2015,35(22):5669-5681)
8 Zhang H G,Li Y S,Gao D W,Zhou G J.Distributed optimal energy management for energy internet.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2017,13(6):3081-3097
9 Sun Qiu-Ye,Teng Fei,Zhang Hua-Guang.Energy internet and its key control issues.Acta Automatica Sinica,2017,43(2):176-194(孙秋野,滕菲,张化光.能源互联网及其关键控制问题.自动化学报,2017,43(2):176-194)
10 Zhang J J,Gao D W,Zhang Y C,Wang X,Zhao X Y,Duan D L,et al.Social energy:mining energy from the society.IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica,2017,4(3):466-482
11 Deng Jian-Ling,Wang Fei-Yue,Chen Yao-Bin,Zhao XiangYang.From industries 4.0 to energy 5.0:concept and framework of intelligent energy systems.Acta Automatica Sinica,2015,41(12):2003-2016(邓建玲,王飞跃,陈耀斌,赵向阳.从工业4.0到能源5.0:智能能源系统的概念、内涵及体系框架.自动化学报,2015,41(12):2003-2016)
12 Vrba P,Mar?k V,Siano P,Leitao P,Zhabelova G,Vyatkin V,et al.A review of agent and service-oriented concepts applied to intelligent energy systems.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2014,10(3):1890-1903
13 Palensky P,Widl E,Stifter M,Elsheikh A.Modeling intelligent energy systems:co-simulation platform for validating flexible-demand EV charging management.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2013,4(4):1939-1947
14 Cheng Le-Feng,Yu Tao,Zhang Xiao-Shun,Yin Lin-Fei,Qu Kai-Ping.Cyber-physical-social systems based smart energy robotic dispatcher and its knowledge automation:framework,techniques and challenges.Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(1):25-40(程乐峰,余涛,张孝顺,殷林飞,瞿凯平.信息-物理-社会融合的智慧能源调度机器人及其知识自动化:框架、技术与挑战.中国电机工程学报,2018,38(1):25-40)
15 Roche R,Blunier B,Miraoui A,Hilaire V,Koukam A.Multi-agent systems for grid energy management:a short review.In:Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.Glendale,USA:IEEE,2010.3341-3346
16 Duan R,Deconinck G.Future electricity market interoperability of a multi-agent model of the smart grid.In:Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Networking,Sensing and Control(ICNSC).Chicago,USA:IEEE,2010.625-630
17 Vergados D J,Mamounakis I,Makris P,Varvarigos E.Prosumer clustering into virtual microgrids for cost reduction in renewable energy trading markets.Sustainable Energy,Grids and Networks,2016,7:90-103
18 Marzband M,Javadi M,Dom′?nguez-Garc′?a J L,Moghaddam M M.Non-cooperative game theory based energy management systems for energy district in the retail market considering DER uncertainties.IET Generation,Transmission and Distribution,2016,10(12):2999-3009
19 Di Battista G,Di Donato V,Patrignani M,Pizzonia M,Roselli V,Tamassia R.Bitconeview:visualization of flows in the Bitcoin transaction graph.In:Proceedings of the2015 IEEE Symposium on Visualization for Cyber Security.Chicago,USA:IEEE,2015.1-8
20 Nguyen Q K.Blockchain-a financial technology for future sustainable development.In:Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development.Taiwan,China:IEEE,2016.51-54
21 Zhang Ning,Wang Yi,Kang Chong-Qing,Cheng JiangNan,He Da-Wei.Blockchain technique in the energy internet:preliminary research framework and typical applications.Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(15):4011-4022(张宁,王毅,康重庆,程将南,贺大玮.能源互联网中的区块链技术:研究框架与典型应用初探.中国电机工程学报,2016,36(15):4011-4022)
22 Ping Jian,Chen Si-Jie,Zhang Ning,Yan Zheng,Yao LiangZhong.Decentralized transactive mechanism in distribution network based on smart contract.Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(13):3682-3690(平健,陈思捷,张宁,严正,姚良忠.基于智能合约的配电网去中心化交易机制.中国电机工程学报,2017,37(13):3682-3690)
23 Sun Qiu-Ye,Zhao Mei-Yi,Chen Yue,Ma Da-Zhong.Optimal energy flow of multiple energy systems in energy internet.Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(6):1590-1598(孙秋野,赵美伊,陈月,马大中.能源互联网多能源系统最优功率流.中国电机工程学报,2017,37(6):1590-1598)
24 Sun Q Y,Han R K,Zhang H G,Zhou J G,Guerrero J M.Amultiagent-based consensus algorithm for distributed coordinated control of distributed generators in the energy internet.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(6):3006-3019
25 Di Giorgio A,Liberati F.Near real time load shifting control for residential electricity prosumers under designed and market indexed pricing models.Applied Energy,2014,128:119-132
26 Zhang C H,Wu J Z,Zhou Y,Cheng M,Long C.Peer-toPeer energy trading in a microgrid.Applied Energy,2018,220:1-12
27 Wang Yong-Fu,Zhang Bo-Ming,Sun Hong-Bin,Xia Qing,Huang Yong-Hao,Meng Yuan-Jing,et al.A new method for balancing trade based on interior-point algorithm.Power System Technology,2004,28(1):48-50,55(王永福,张伯明,孙宏斌,夏清,黄永皓,孟远景,等.基于内点法的实时平衡交易算法.电网技术,2004,28(1):48-50,55)
28 Wang Kui,Zhang Bu-Han,Zhou Yang,Li Jun-Fang.Realtime dispatch in wind power integrated system based on choas quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization.Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(22):141-146(王魁,张步涵,周杨,李俊芳.基于混沌量子粒子群算法的含风电场电力系统实时调度.电力系统自动化,2011,35(22):141-146)
29 Chen J Y,Wang J,Chen Q,Wu D.Optimal dispatch of medium-voltage microgrid using an adaptive PSO algorithm.In:Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics.Hangzhou,China:IEEE,2015.324-329
30 Li Y L,Shao W,You L,Wang B Z.An improved PSO algorithm and its application to UWB antenna design.IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2013,12:1236-1239
31 Wang Fei-Yue,Wang Xiao,Yuan Yong,Wang Tao,Lin Yi-Lun.Social computing and computational societies:the foundation and consequence of smart societies.Chinese Science Bulletin,2015,60(5-6):460-469(王飞跃,王晓,袁勇,王涛,林懿伦.社会计算与计算社会:智慧社会的基础与必然.科学通报,2015,60(5-6):460-469)
32 Sun Qiu-Ye,Wang Bing-Yu,Huang Bo-Nan,Ma Da-Zhong.The optimization control and implementation for the special energy internet.Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(18):4571-4580(孙秋野,王冰玉,黄博南,马大中.狭义能源互联网优化控制框架及实现.中国电机工程学报,2015,35(18):4571-4580)
33 Sun Qiu-Ye.The Energy Internet.Beijing:Science Press,2015.(孙秋野.能源互联网.北京:科学出版社,2015.)
34 Wang Fei-Yue.Parallel control:a method for data-driven and computational control.Acta Automatica Sinica,2013,39(4):293-302(王飞跃.平行控制:数据驱动的计算控制方法.自动化学报,2013,39(4):293-302)
35 Zhang Jun,Gao Wen-Zhong,Zhang Ying-Chen,Zheng XinHu,Yang Liu-Qing,Hao Jun,et al.Blockchain based intelligent distributed electrical energy systems:needs,concepts,approaches and vision.Acta Automatica Sinica,2017,43(9):1544-1554(张俊,高文忠,张应晨,郑心湖,杨柳青,郝君,等.运行于区块链上的智能分布式电力能源系统:需求、概念、方法以及展望.自动化学报,2017,43(9):1544-1554)
36 Cheng S,Zeng B,Huang Y Z.Research on application model of blockchain technology in distributed electricity market.In:Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on New Energy and Future Energy System(NEFES).Kunming,China:IOP Publishing Ltd,2017.1-11
37 Geary R C.A note on“a constant-utility index of the cost of living”.The Review of Economic Studies,1950,18(1):65-66
38 Xiang Ding,Song Yong-Hua,Hu Ze-Chun,Xu Zhi-Wei.Research on optimal time of use price for electric vehicle participating V2G.Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(31):15-25(项顶,宋永华,胡泽春,徐智威.电动汽车参与V2G的最优峰谷电价研究.中国电机工程学报,2013,33(31):15-25)
39 Friedman D,Rust J.The Double Auction Market:Institutions,Theories and Evidence.Boulder,CO,USA:Westview Press,1993.
40 Iosifidis G,Koutsopoulos I.Double auction mechanisms for resource allocation in autonomous networks.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2010,28(1):95-102