一种汽车轮毂柔性加工夹具的设计与分析
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摘要
装夹尺寸的单一性使得传统夹具无法适合大规模现代化的汽车轮毂柔性生产。设计了一种汽车轮毂柔性加工夹具,使用旋转直线组合式液压缸作为动力源,实现夹爪对不同型号轮毂的自动定心和夹紧。建立了夹具结构的物理模型,分析了夹具的夹紧行程。从切削力作用下被加工轮毂的位置安全性、以及夹具状态下被加工轮毂和夹具的力学安全性出发,探讨了夹具与被加工轮毂间的最小夹紧力、被加工轮毂和夹具的最大夹紧力。结果表明,对于A365铝合金汽车轮毂,42CrMo超高强度钢夹具,在转速2 500 r/min,切深3 mm,工件直径609.6 mm,进给率0.5 mm/r,切削长度为500 mm的实际加工过程中,夹具设计的有效夹紧力范围为5 025.9 N～12 000 N。
The singleness of the clamping dimensions makes conventional fixtures incapable of being suitable for flexible production of large-scale, modern automotive wheels. A kind of automotive hub flexible processing fixture was designed. The rotary linear combined hydraulic cylinder was used as the power source to achieve the automatic centering and clamping of the jaws on different types of hubs. A physical model of the fixture structure was established and the clamping stroke of the fixture was analyzed. From the position safety of the processed hub under the action of the cutting force, and the mechanical safety of the processed hub and fixture under the state of the clamp. The minimum clamping force between the fixture and the processed hub, and the maximum clamping force of the hub and fixture being machined were discussed. The results show that for the A365 aluminum alloy automotive wheels, the 42 CrMo ultra-high strength steel fixture has an effective clamp fixture design in the actual machining process at a speed of 2 500 r/min, a depth of cut of 3 mm, a workpiece diameter of 609.6 mm, a feed rate of 0.5 mm/r, and a cutting length of 500 mm. The tight range is 5 025.9 N～12 000 N.
The singleness of the clamping dimensions makes conventional fixtures incapable of being suitable for flexible production of large-scale, modern automotive wheels. A kind of automotive hub flexible processing fixture was designed. The rotary linear combined hydraulic cylinder was used as the power source to achieve the automatic centering and clamping of the jaws on different types of hubs. A physical model of the fixture structure was established and the clamping stroke of the fixture was analyzed. From the position safety of the processed hub under the action of the cutting force, and the mechanical safety of the processed hub and fixture under the state of the clamp. The minimum clamping force between the fixture and the processed hub, and the maximum clamping force of the hub and fixture being machined were discussed. The results show that for the A365 aluminum alloy automotive wheels, the 42 CrMo ultra-high strength steel fixture has an effective clamp fixture design in the actual machining process at a speed of 2 500 r/min, a depth of cut of 3 mm, a workpiece diameter of 609.6 mm, a feed rate of 0.5 mm/r, and a cutting length of 500 mm. The tight range is 5 025.9 N～12 000 N.
引文
[1]李宏禹.汽车轮毂造型与结构设计一体化方法研究[D].河北:燕山大学,2010.
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[15]施菊华.钢球传力多件多点夹紧通用可调夹具的设计及应用[J].机械设计与研究,2017,33(1):110-113.
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[18]宋春强.铝合金汽车轮毂的市场需求与发展趋势[J].铝加工,2006,171(5):5-8.
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[20]JIANG X,LYU R,FUKUSHIMA Y,et al.Lightweight design and analysis of automobile wheelbased on bending and radial loads[J].IOP ConferenceSeries:Materials Science and Engineering,2018,372(1):012048.
[21]刘俊成.机床夹具在设计过程中夹紧力的计算[J].工具技术,2007,41(6):89-90.
[22]郭威成.铝合金轮毂的有限元分析[D].河北秦皇岛:燕山大学,2013.
[23]宋玉宇.基于ANSYS的轮毂车削夹具拓扑优化设计[J].机械设计与研究,2017,33(1):110-113.
[24]ZHU Z W,LU Y S,XIE Q J,et al.Mechanical properties and dynamic constitutive model of 42CrMo steel[J].Materials&Design,2017,119:171-179.
[25]王海军,陈红霞,董书文,等.有限元分析在加工轮毂液压夹具柔性化设计中的应用[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2011(6):33-36+40.
[26]濮良贵,陈国定,吴立言.机械设计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013.
[2]XIAO D Y,YU Z M,LEI Y,et al.The design of automobile wheel hub runout online detection system[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2015,3844(741):298-301.
[3]潘尚峰,赵广木,杨向东,等.数控加工设备上夹具的快速准备[J].机械工艺师,1998(6):26-27+1.
[4]SHI Q,YANG H C,LI Y.Study on case-based fixture design[J].International Journal of Plant Engineering and Management,2002(4):228-233.
[5]杨浩.一种汽车轮毂装夹装置.中国.201510368108.0[P].2015-09-16..
[6]LUO S J,FU Y T,Zhou Y X.Perceptual matching of shape design style between wheel hub and car type[J].International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2011,42(1):90-102.
[7]杨金岭,杨荔,王建升,等.一种改进的汽车轮毂车床夹具.中国:201710443133.X[P].2017-09-22.
[8]胡火明.一种轮毂夹具.中国:201720017875.1[P].2017-07-28.
[9]孙业荣,孙业国,张春雨,等.汽车轮辐专用工装夹具的优化设计[J].机械设计与研究,2016,32(1):100-103.
[10]JIANG X,LYU R,FUKUSHIMA Y,et al.Lightweight design and analysis of automobile wheel based on bending and radial loads[J].IOP Conference Series:Materials Science and Engineering,2018,372(1):012048
[11]牛韬,孙见君,张玉言.汽车轮毂柔性加工自动化生产线开发技术分析[J].机械制造与自动化,2017,46(6):216-218.
[12]苗玉刚,赵峰.一种新型旋转直线组合式液压缸设计[J].机床与液压,2015,43(14):105-108
[13]潘静,杨红义,宫耀望,等.多规格汽车轮毂夹具设计[J].装备制造技术,2014(9):145-147.
[14]李玉东.轿车铝轮毂数控立车专用夹具的设计[D].河北秦皇岛,燕山大学,2015.
[15]施菊华.钢球传力多件多点夹紧通用可调夹具的设计及应用[J].机械设计与研究,2017,33(1):110-113.
[16]刘运宏,夏春艳.高精度定位-联动式键槽加工夹具的设计与分析[J].佳木斯大学学报:自然科学版,2012,30(5):734-736.
[17]LI H,CHEN W F,SHI S J.Design and application of flexible fixture[J].Procedia CIRP,2016,56:528-532.
[18]宋春强.铝合金汽车轮毂的市场需求与发展趋势[J].铝加工,2006,171(5):5-8.
[19]吴拓.现代机床夹具设计[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009.
[20]JIANG X,LYU R,FUKUSHIMA Y,et al.Lightweight design and analysis of automobile wheelbased on bending and radial loads[J].IOP ConferenceSeries:Materials Science and Engineering,2018,372(1):012048.
[21]刘俊成.机床夹具在设计过程中夹紧力的计算[J].工具技术,2007,41(6):89-90.
[22]郭威成.铝合金轮毂的有限元分析[D].河北秦皇岛:燕山大学,2013.
[23]宋玉宇.基于ANSYS的轮毂车削夹具拓扑优化设计[J].机械设计与研究,2017,33(1):110-113.
[24]ZHU Z W,LU Y S,XIE Q J,et al.Mechanical properties and dynamic constitutive model of 42CrMo steel[J].Materials&Design,2017,119:171-179.
[25]王海军,陈红霞,董书文,等.有限元分析在加工轮毂液压夹具柔性化设计中的应用[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2011(6):33-36+40.
[26]濮良贵,陈国定,吴立言.机械设计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013.