静态推靠式旋转导向钻井系统的钻压传递效率
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摘要
国内研制的静态推靠式旋转导向钻井系统正全面开展现场试验及初步应用,该系统正常钻进时导向翼肋施加到井壁上的静态推靠力会产生较大的摩擦力,有可能影响钻压传递效率和钻井速度。为此,基于该系统的结构及工作原理,考虑井壁无台阶和有台阶两种情况,分别建立了钻压传递效率分析模型,模拟分析了钻压传递效率随名义钻压、井壁摩擦系数,以及导向翼肋推靠力和前倒角的变化规律。研究结果表明:(1)该旋转导向系统对名义钻压有最小值要求,适当提高名义钻压有助于提高钻压传递效率;(2)无论井壁是否有台阶,如果导向翼肋推靠力之和越大、井壁摩擦系数越大,那么钻压传递效率就越低,当井壁有台阶时钻压传递效率明显低于井壁无台阶时的对应值;(3)井壁有台阶时导向翼肋前倒角对钻压传递效率影响明显,前倒角越大则钻压传递效率越低(甚至自锁)。结论认为,该研究成果有助于指导钻井现场合理选择和调控钻压。
Now, the static push-the-bit rotary steerable system(SRSS) developed in China is being put into field tests and primary applications. During its normal drilling, higher frictional forces generated by the static pushing forces of the rotary ribs on the wellbore wall influence the weight-on-bit(WOB) transmission efficiency and the rate of penetration(ROP). In this paper, analytical models of the WOB transmission efficiency were established for the wellbore wall with and without ladders respectively based on the structure and working principle of the SRSS. And the variation rules of the WOB transmission efficiency with the nominal WOB, the frictional coefficient of wellbore wall, the pushing force and the front chamfer of the steerable rib were analyzed. And the following research results were obtained. First, the nominal WOB of this SRSS has to satisfy the minimum requirement and it is conducive to the increase of WOB transmission efficiency by increasing the nominal WOB appropriately. Second, whether there are ladders on the wellbore wall or not, the WOB transmission efficiency decreases as the total pushing forces of steerable ribs and the frictional coefficient of wellbore wall increase. And the WOB transmission efficiency in the case of wellbore wall with ladders is much lower than that without ladders. Third, if there are ladders on the wellbore wall, the front chamfer of steerable rib has a significant effect on the WOB transmission efficiency. The larger the front chamfer is, the lower the WOB transmission efficiency is(even self-locking). In conclusion, the research results play an important role in guiding the rational selection and control of the WOB at drilling site.
Now, the static push-the-bit rotary steerable system(SRSS) developed in China is being put into field tests and primary applications. During its normal drilling, higher frictional forces generated by the static pushing forces of the rotary ribs on the wellbore wall influence the weight-on-bit(WOB) transmission efficiency and the rate of penetration(ROP). In this paper, analytical models of the WOB transmission efficiency were established for the wellbore wall with and without ladders respectively based on the structure and working principle of the SRSS. And the variation rules of the WOB transmission efficiency with the nominal WOB, the frictional coefficient of wellbore wall, the pushing force and the front chamfer of the steerable rib were analyzed. And the following research results were obtained. First, the nominal WOB of this SRSS has to satisfy the minimum requirement and it is conducive to the increase of WOB transmission efficiency by increasing the nominal WOB appropriately. Second, whether there are ladders on the wellbore wall or not, the WOB transmission efficiency decreases as the total pushing forces of steerable ribs and the frictional coefficient of wellbore wall increase. And the WOB transmission efficiency in the case of wellbore wall with ladders is much lower than that without ladders. Third, if there are ladders on the wellbore wall, the front chamfer of steerable rib has a significant effect on the WOB transmission efficiency. The larger the front chamfer is, the lower the WOB transmission efficiency is(even self-locking). In conclusion, the research results play an important role in guiding the rational selection and control of the WOB at drilling site.
引文
[1]李才良.旋转导向钻井技术及钻井工具应用研究[J].石油矿场机械,2014,43(9):69-73.Li Cailiang.Application study on rotary steering drilling technology and its drilling tool[J].Oil Field Equipment,2014,43(9):69-73.
[2]姜伟,蒋世全,付鑫生,陈平.旋转导向钻井技术应用研究及其进展[J].天然气工业,2013,33(4):75-79.Jiang Wei,Jiang Shiquan,Fu Xinsheng&Chen Ping.Application of rotary steering drilling technology and its research progress[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(4):75-79.
[3]张绍槐.现代导向钻井技术的新进展及发展方向[J].石油学报,2003,24(3):82-85.Zhang Shaohuai.New progress and development direction of modern steering drilling techniques[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(3):82-85.
[4]Al Mutawa AA,Quintero F,Awad Mohamad AS,Le KPD,Cantarelli E,Thavaraj L,et al.Robust design of rotary steerable system RSS and revised drilling procedure deliver superior performance in a UAE onshore field[C]//Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition&Conference,13-16 November 2017,Abu Dhabi,UAE.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/188698-MS.
[5]Jerez H&Tilley J.Advancements in powered rotary steerable technologies result in record-breaking runs[C]//SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference,21-23 May 2014,Maracaibo,Venezuela.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/169348-MS.
[6]张光伟,展茂雷.新型全旋转动态指向式旋转导向钻井系统设计[J].石油机械,2016,44(5):13-17.Zhang Guangwei&Zhan Maolei.Design of a new full rotation and dynamic point-the-bit rotary steerable drilling system[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(5):13-17.
[7]王伟亮,耿艳峰,李聪冉,王凯,佀洁茹.动态指向式旋转导向钻井工具稳定平台的控制[J].石油机械,2017,45(8):7-12.Wang Weiliang,Geng Yanfeng,Li Congran,Wang Kai&Si Jieru.Stabilized platform control for the dynamic point-the-bit rotary steerable drilling tool[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(8):7-12.
[8]程载斌,姜伟,蒋世全,高宝奎.旋转导向系统三翼肋偏置位移矢量控制方案[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):676-679.Cheng Zaibin,Jiang Wei,Jiang Shiquan&Gao Baokui.Control scheme for displacement vector of three-pad biasing rotary steerable system[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(4):676-679.
[9]姜伟,蒋世全,盛利民,傅鑫生,陈平.旋转导向钻井工具系统的研究及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2008,30(5):21-24.Jiang Wei,Jiang Shiquan,Sheng Limin,Fu Xinsheng&Chen Ping.Research on rotary navigation drilling tools and its application[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2008,30(5):21-24.
[10]李汉兴,姜伟,蒋世全,傅鑫生,徐黔斌.可控偏心器旋转导向钻井工具研制与现场试验[J].石油机械,2007,35(9):71-74.Li Hanxing,Jiang Wei,Jiang Shiquan,Fu Xinsheng&Xu Qianbin.Development and in-situ test of eccentricity controller for rotary steering drilling[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2007,35(9):71-74.
[11]史玉才,孙海芳,岳步江,管志川,王恒,苗在强.静态推靠式旋转导向钻井工具防自锁设计方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(5):80-86.Shi Yucai,Sun Haifang,Yue Bujiang,Guan Zhichuan,Wang Heng&Miao Zaiqiang.A design method to prevent self-locking of a static push-the-bit rotary steerable drilling tool[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2017,41(5):80-86.
[12]孙铭新,韩来聚,李作会.静态偏置推靠钻头式旋转导向钻井系统介绍[J].石油矿场机械,2003,32(6):4-7.Sun Mingxin,Han Laiju&Li Zuohui.Introduction of static bias push-the-bit rotary navigational system[J].Oil Field Equipment,2003,32(6):4-7.
[13]李士斌,王业强,张立刚,徐月庆.静态推靠式旋转导向控制方案分析及优化[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(4):12-15.Li Shibin,Wang Yeqiang,Zhang Ligang&Xu Yueqing.Analysis and optimization of static push-the-bit rotary steering control scheme[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(4):12-15.
[14]赵金洲,孙铭新.旋转导向钻井系统的工作方式分析[J].石油机械,2004,32(6):73-75.Zhao Jinzhou&Sun Mingxin.Operating mode analysis of rotary steerable system[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2004,32(6):73-75.
[15]韩志勇.井眼内钻柱摩阻的三维和两维模型的研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1993,17(增刊1):44-49.Han Zhiyong.Study on 3-D and 2-D models of drill string torque and drag in hole[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),1993,17(S1):44-49.
[16]Sugiura J.Improving rotary-steerable borehole quality using innovative imaging techniques[C]//Offshore Technology Conference,4-7 May 2009,Houston,Texas,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.4043/19991-MS.
[17]Sugiura J&Jones S.The use of the industry's first 3-D mechanical caliper image while drilling leads to optimized rotary-steerable assemblies in push-and point-the-bit configurations[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,21-24 September 2008,Denver,Colorado,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/115395-MS.
[2]姜伟,蒋世全,付鑫生,陈平.旋转导向钻井技术应用研究及其进展[J].天然气工业,2013,33(4):75-79.Jiang Wei,Jiang Shiquan,Fu Xinsheng&Chen Ping.Application of rotary steering drilling technology and its research progress[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(4):75-79.
[3]张绍槐.现代导向钻井技术的新进展及发展方向[J].石油学报,2003,24(3):82-85.Zhang Shaohuai.New progress and development direction of modern steering drilling techniques[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(3):82-85.
[4]Al Mutawa AA,Quintero F,Awad Mohamad AS,Le KPD,Cantarelli E,Thavaraj L,et al.Robust design of rotary steerable system RSS and revised drilling procedure deliver superior performance in a UAE onshore field[C]//Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition&Conference,13-16 November 2017,Abu Dhabi,UAE.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/188698-MS.
[5]Jerez H&Tilley J.Advancements in powered rotary steerable technologies result in record-breaking runs[C]//SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference,21-23 May 2014,Maracaibo,Venezuela.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/169348-MS.
[6]张光伟,展茂雷.新型全旋转动态指向式旋转导向钻井系统设计[J].石油机械,2016,44(5):13-17.Zhang Guangwei&Zhan Maolei.Design of a new full rotation and dynamic point-the-bit rotary steerable drilling system[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(5):13-17.
[7]王伟亮,耿艳峰,李聪冉,王凯,佀洁茹.动态指向式旋转导向钻井工具稳定平台的控制[J].石油机械,2017,45(8):7-12.Wang Weiliang,Geng Yanfeng,Li Congran,Wang Kai&Si Jieru.Stabilized platform control for the dynamic point-the-bit rotary steerable drilling tool[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(8):7-12.
[8]程载斌,姜伟,蒋世全,高宝奎.旋转导向系统三翼肋偏置位移矢量控制方案[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):676-679.Cheng Zaibin,Jiang Wei,Jiang Shiquan&Gao Baokui.Control scheme for displacement vector of three-pad biasing rotary steerable system[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(4):676-679.
[9]姜伟,蒋世全,盛利民,傅鑫生,陈平.旋转导向钻井工具系统的研究及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2008,30(5):21-24.Jiang Wei,Jiang Shiquan,Sheng Limin,Fu Xinsheng&Chen Ping.Research on rotary navigation drilling tools and its application[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2008,30(5):21-24.
[10]李汉兴,姜伟,蒋世全,傅鑫生,徐黔斌.可控偏心器旋转导向钻井工具研制与现场试验[J].石油机械,2007,35(9):71-74.Li Hanxing,Jiang Wei,Jiang Shiquan,Fu Xinsheng&Xu Qianbin.Development and in-situ test of eccentricity controller for rotary steering drilling[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2007,35(9):71-74.
[11]史玉才,孙海芳,岳步江,管志川,王恒,苗在强.静态推靠式旋转导向钻井工具防自锁设计方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(5):80-86.Shi Yucai,Sun Haifang,Yue Bujiang,Guan Zhichuan,Wang Heng&Miao Zaiqiang.A design method to prevent self-locking of a static push-the-bit rotary steerable drilling tool[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2017,41(5):80-86.
[12]孙铭新,韩来聚,李作会.静态偏置推靠钻头式旋转导向钻井系统介绍[J].石油矿场机械,2003,32(6):4-7.Sun Mingxin,Han Laiju&Li Zuohui.Introduction of static bias push-the-bit rotary navigational system[J].Oil Field Equipment,2003,32(6):4-7.
[13]李士斌,王业强,张立刚,徐月庆.静态推靠式旋转导向控制方案分析及优化[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(4):12-15.Li Shibin,Wang Yeqiang,Zhang Ligang&Xu Yueqing.Analysis and optimization of static push-the-bit rotary steering control scheme[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(4):12-15.
[14]赵金洲,孙铭新.旋转导向钻井系统的工作方式分析[J].石油机械,2004,32(6):73-75.Zhao Jinzhou&Sun Mingxin.Operating mode analysis of rotary steerable system[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2004,32(6):73-75.
[15]韩志勇.井眼内钻柱摩阻的三维和两维模型的研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1993,17(增刊1):44-49.Han Zhiyong.Study on 3-D and 2-D models of drill string torque and drag in hole[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),1993,17(S1):44-49.
[16]Sugiura J.Improving rotary-steerable borehole quality using innovative imaging techniques[C]//Offshore Technology Conference,4-7 May 2009,Houston,Texas,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.4043/19991-MS.
[17]Sugiura J&Jones S.The use of the industry's first 3-D mechanical caliper image while drilling leads to optimized rotary-steerable assemblies in push-and point-the-bit configurations[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,21-24 September 2008,Denver,Colorado,USA.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/115395-MS.