摩擦系数对高速列车车轮瞬时滚动接触疲劳的影响
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摘要
运用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS建立列车时速为300km的轮轨三维瞬时滚动接触弹塑性有限元模型,采用先隐式后显示的方法计算得到摩擦系数分别为0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4和0.5时轮轨接触斑内的横向蠕滑力、纵向蠕滑力和蠕滑力合力的分布;将此结果作为安定图和损伤函数的输入,分析不同摩擦系数对车轮接触斑疲劳指数和车轮损伤分布的影响。结果表明:摩擦系数对轮轨接触斑内蠕滑力合力的分布影响不大,但对其幅值的影响较大,蠕滑力合力随着摩擦系数的增大而增大;随着摩擦系数的增大,车轮的接触状态越来越接近于棘轮效应区,并随着载荷的循环加载,车轮易发生接触疲劳现象;由损伤函数可知,摩擦系数小于0.2时的车轮损伤主要为裂纹损伤,摩擦系数大于0.2时的车轮损伤主要是磨耗损伤,损伤分布的范围主要在车轮名义滚动圆附近。
3Delastic-plastic finite element model of wheel-rail transient rolling contact for train with the speed of 300km·h~(-1) was established by nonlinear finite element software ABAQUS.Under the different friction coefficients of 0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 and 0.5,the distributions of the lateral/longitudinal and the resultant creep force in wheel-rail contact patch were obtained by implicit and explicit methods successively.Then the calculated results were regarded as the inputs of shakedown map and damage function.The influence of different friction coefficients on the fatigue index of wheel contact patch and the distribution of wheel damage was analyzed.The results show that friction coefficients have little influence on the distribution of resultant creep force in wheel-rail contact patch but have greater influence on its amplitude.The resultant creep force becomes larger as the friction coefficient increases.The contact state of wheel approaches more and more to ratcheting effect with the increase of friction coefficient,and the wheel is liable to contact fatigue along with cyclic loading.It can be known from damage function that,when the friction coefficient is less than 0.2,the wheel damage is mainly crack damage;when the friction coefficient is greater than 0.2,the wheel damage is mainly wear damage;the damage is mainly distributed near the nominal rolling circle of wheel.
3Delastic-plastic finite element model of wheel-rail transient rolling contact for train with the speed of 300km·h~(-1) was established by nonlinear finite element software ABAQUS.Under the different friction coefficients of 0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 and 0.5,the distributions of the lateral/longitudinal and the resultant creep force in wheel-rail contact patch were obtained by implicit and explicit methods successively.Then the calculated results were regarded as the inputs of shakedown map and damage function.The influence of different friction coefficients on the fatigue index of wheel contact patch and the distribution of wheel damage was analyzed.The results show that friction coefficients have little influence on the distribution of resultant creep force in wheel-rail contact patch but have greater influence on its amplitude.The resultant creep force becomes larger as the friction coefficient increases.The contact state of wheel approaches more and more to ratcheting effect with the increase of friction coefficient,and the wheel is liable to contact fatigue along with cyclic loading.It can be known from damage function that,when the friction coefficient is less than 0.2,the wheel damage is mainly crack damage;when the friction coefficient is greater than 0.2,the wheel damage is mainly wear damage;the damage is mainly distributed near the nominal rolling circle of wheel.
引文
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[12]BEVAN A,MOLYNEUX-BERRY P,EICKHOFF B,et al.Development and Validation of a Wheel Wear and Rolling Contact Fatigue Damage Model[J].Wear,2013,307(1/2):100-111.
[13]JOHN Tunna,JOHN Sinclair,JAVIER Perez.The Development of Wheel Wear and Rolling Contact Fatigue ModelRSSB Report for Task T549[R].London:Rail Safety and Standards Board,2007.
[14]肖乾,黄碧坤,徐红霞,等.不同运行工况下高速轮轨稳态滚动接触蠕滑特性分析[J].中国铁道科学,2015,36(3):81-87.(XIAO Qian,HUANG Bikun,XU Hongxia,et al.Creep Characteristics of High Speed Wheel-Rail Steady-State Rolling Contact under Different Operation Conditions[J].China Railway Science,2015,36(3):81-87.in Chinese)
[15]史密斯.钢轨滚动接触疲劳的进一步研究[J].中国铁道科学,2002,23(3):6-10.(SMITH R A.Rolling Contact Fatigue of Rails:What Remains to be Done?[J].China Railway Science,2002,23(3):6-10.in Chinese)
[16]肖乾,方骏.铁道车辆轮轨滚动接触疲劳裂纹研究综述[J].华东交通大学学报,2015,32(1):16-21.(XIAO Qian,FANG Jun.Research Review on Wheel-Rail Rolling Contact Fatigue Crack of Railway Vehicles[J].Journal of East China Jiaotong University,2015,32(1):16-21.in Chinese)
[2]TARAF M,ZAHAF E H,OUSSOUADDI O,et al.Numerical Analysis for Predicting the Rolling Contact Fatigue Crack Initiation in a Railway Wheel Steel[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2010,43(3):585-593.
[3]王少锋,许玉德,周宇,等.基于临界平面法的钢轨裂纹萌生寿命预测模型研究[J].华东交通大学学报,2011,28(5):77-82.(WANG Shaofeng,XU Yude,ZHOU Yu,et al.A Research on Rail Crack Initiation Life Prediction Models Based on Critical Plane Method[J].Journal of East China Jiaotong University,2011,28(5):77-82.in Chinese)
[4]李振,张相琴,张雪萍,等.轴承钢硬切削表面残余应力对滚动接触界面疲劳寿命的影响[J].上海交通大学学报,2011,45(1):50-55.(LI Zhen,ZHANG Xiangqin,ZHANG Xueping,et al.Rolling Contact Fatigue Life Prediction on Bearing Steel PreResidual Stress Surfaces Induced by Hard Turning[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2011,45(1):50-55.in Chinese)
[5]肖乾,王成国,周新建,等.不同摩擦系数条件下的轮轨滚动接触特性分析[J].中国铁道科学,2011,32(4):66-70.(XIAO Qian,WANG Chengguo,ZHOU Xinjian,et al.Analysis on the Characteristics of Wheel/Rail Rolling Contact under Different Friction Coefficient[J].China Railway Science,2011,32(4):66-70.in Chinese)
[6]EKBERG A,KABO E,ANDERSSON H.An Engineering Model for Prediction of Rolling Contact Fatigue of Railway Wheels[J].Fatigue&Fracture of Engineering Materials&Structures,2002,25(10):899-909.
[7]BRUNEL J F,CHARKALUK E,DUFRNOY.Rolling Contact Fatigue of Railways Wheels:Influence of Steel Grade and Sliding Conditions[J].Procedia Engineering,2010,2(1):2161-2169.
[8]EKBERG Anders,KABO Elena.Fatigue of Railway Wheels and Rails under Rolling Contact and Thermal Loading an Overview[J].Wear,2005,258(7/8):1288-1300.
[9]FRHLING Robert,Ekberg Anders,KABO Elena.The Detrimental Effects of Hollow Wear—Field Experiences and Numerical Simulations[J].Wear,2008,265(9/10):1283-1291.
[10]BEVAN A,MOLYNEUX-BERRY P,EICKHOFF B.Development and Validation of a Wheel Wear and Rolling Contact Fatigue Damage Model[J].Wear,2013,307(1/2):100-111.
[11]丁军君,张良威,李芾.基于损伤函数的钢轨滚动接触疲劳研究[J].铁道学报,2011,33(1):19-24.(DING Junjun,ZHANG Liangwei,LI Fu.Research on Rail Rolling Contact Fatigue Based on the Damage Function[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2011,33(1):19-24.in Chinese)
[12]BEVAN A,MOLYNEUX-BERRY P,EICKHOFF B,et al.Development and Validation of a Wheel Wear and Rolling Contact Fatigue Damage Model[J].Wear,2013,307(1/2):100-111.
[13]JOHN Tunna,JOHN Sinclair,JAVIER Perez.The Development of Wheel Wear and Rolling Contact Fatigue ModelRSSB Report for Task T549[R].London:Rail Safety and Standards Board,2007.
[14]肖乾,黄碧坤,徐红霞,等.不同运行工况下高速轮轨稳态滚动接触蠕滑特性分析[J].中国铁道科学,2015,36(3):81-87.(XIAO Qian,HUANG Bikun,XU Hongxia,et al.Creep Characteristics of High Speed Wheel-Rail Steady-State Rolling Contact under Different Operation Conditions[J].China Railway Science,2015,36(3):81-87.in Chinese)
[15]史密斯.钢轨滚动接触疲劳的进一步研究[J].中国铁道科学,2002,23(3):6-10.(SMITH R A.Rolling Contact Fatigue of Rails:What Remains to be Done?[J].China Railway Science,2002,23(3):6-10.in Chinese)
[16]肖乾,方骏.铁道车辆轮轨滚动接触疲劳裂纹研究综述[J].华东交通大学学报,2015,32(1):16-21.(XIAO Qian,FANG Jun.Research Review on Wheel-Rail Rolling Contact Fatigue Crack of Railway Vehicles[J].Journal of East China Jiaotong University,2015,32(1):16-21.in Chinese)